Mobility as a service policy planning,deployments and trials in Taiwan

This paper presents planning, design, development policy and trials of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in Taiwan. First, strategic planning on MaaS was conducted for the development of national policy on MaaS while a dynamic travel information system has been proposed and developed for a potential platform to meet MaaS needs. The implementation approach with the public-private partnership was also proposed and assessed in this strategic planning. Based on the results of strategic planning, two MaaS demonstration projects are initiated in Taipei and Kaohsiung Metropolitans with different integrated and multimodal transportation services. This paper then presents the functions, public-private partnership framework and performance of the two demonstration projects, which is part of the National ITS Program. Additionally, a pre-MaaS project implemented in Taipei is evaluated in terms of transportation policy, integration of green mobility, and system performance achieved. Finally, this paper concludes by the summarizing challenges and lessons learned from the two cases and further research and planning needs for MaaS programs.     

The Ws of MaaS: Understanding mobility as a service fromaliterature review

Transport integration has evolved into Mobility as a service (MaaS), and as a recent topic, MaaS-literature is rapidly growing. This study analyses 57 MaaS-focused documents (the majority being peer-reviewed articles) from Scopus in January 2019. The aim is to comprehensively answer MaaS basic W-questions: 1) What is MaaS? 2), When and where did the term appear? 3), Who are the main actors in MaaS? 4), How can MaaS be implemented? and 5) Why should it be implemented? Future research lines are also offered. Our findings show that MaaS is an ongoing topical subject; there are still many contributions under development to reach a definition. In order to succeed in implementing it, key stakeholders, such as transport authorities and transport operators, must cooperate to achieve the predicted sustainable effects envisioned. New data on user travel behaviour and their preferences should be obtained through MaaS pilots, helping transport planners and policy makers when evaluating MaaS impacts and its feasibility to be the next transport paradigm.     

Exploring the possibility of MaaS service in Thailand,implications from the existing conditions and experts' opinions on “Who should be the MaaS provider in Bangkok?”

Mobility-as-a-Service or MaaS is the emerging transport solution that services a package of mobility to customers. MaaS aims to give a new travel experience to travelers, in terms of access to the services and seamless trips on one single platform. The organization of MaaS requires a new player, a MaaS provider, who mediates the travelers (customers) and transport services. The MaaS provider takes the roles of data provider, integrator, and MaaS operator. In many pilot and implementation of MaaS schemes around the world, the MaaS providers come from various stakeholders and employ various business models. MaaS providers are crucial in that they lead the cooperation among all stakeholders and are the driving force of the services. In Bangkok, Thailand, where MaaS is a relatively new concept, the identification of a suitable MaaS provider was explored. Taking the local transport conditions, both demand and service conditions, scenarios of probable MaaS providers were investigated. The study method included literature reviews and collection of present transport setting, including the organizational arrangement. Expert interview and focus group meeting were used to form a concrete understanding and to imply the possibility of the MaaS provider in Bangkok. Three scenarios of Maas providers were set: public transport service provider, private transport service provider and third party, and Public Private Partnership. The results disclose issues that need to be resolved if the stakeholder would serve as the MaaS provider. Several implications are drawn to set the directions of MaaS development and a possible MaaS provider in Bangkok.     

The shape of MaaS: The potential for MaaS Lite

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is about improving mobility for people. Since Gothenburg piloted the first multi-modal Mobility as a Service (MaaS) scheme from 2012, there have been many further attempts at introducing connected and bundled services globally, invariably provided as a mobile app and a single, simple ticketing interface. As in any emerging paradigm, the varying flavour, or ‘shapes’ of MaaS that are piloted reflect the search for a sustainable business model and connectivity between transport operators at varying levels that includes risk reallocation and data sharing. The varying levels of success of MaaS and Mobility on Demand (MOD) lead the authors to propose MaaS Lite, which reflects an incremental approach to MaaS based on a simpler organisational arrangement that does not depend upon the introduction of a Mobility Operator as a new player. MaaS Lite also recognises that most trips are not complex at all, often based on one or two connected mechanised modes that meets highly local needs, including FMLM service connectivity.Overall, MaaS is not a ‘one size fits all’ solution for all regions but the benefits of the highly targeted MaaS Lite could realise early public benefits as a first step in the development of a multi-phased ‘services road map’ that evolves towards the implementation of multi-modal, region-wide operationally integrated MaaS. Case studies in Hong Kong and Brisbane demonstrate the merits of MaaS Lite in these two contrasting environments having different regulatory regimes, population densities and levels of private car ownership.     

交通出行统一帐号的电子支付MaaS运营探索

交通出行已经定位为民生实事,要求2019年全国260个地级以上城市交通出行城际无障碍互联互通,同时交通出行在不断创新的服务推动下已经悄然升级到MaaS一体化智慧出行新时代,电子支付已经成为交通出行MaaS服务的强力推手,必须对各类电子支付实现集约化运营。提出了基于统一帐号的金融级安全+电信级通信能力的交通出行聚合支付体系架构,基于该体系架构交通运营机构可利用自身优势资源,向用户提供多种账户,多种接入方式的出行全业务聚合支付服务,在完成交通运输部城市交通出行互联互通的同时构建了基于资金信息流的出行“数据链”,向云计算和大数据的智慧服务和运营体系推进。     

解读《汽车产品回收利用技术政策》

介绍了国家《汽车产品回收利用技术政策》的主要技术内容,分析了汽车生产企业实施该技术政策的责任与义务,指出了该技术政策与欧盟《关于报废汽车的技术指令》之间的差异,提出了需要跨汽车行业商讨的主要问题,为汽车生产企业理解和实施《汽车产品回收利用技术政策》提供了方向性的指导。     

MaaS服务体系下的交通出行商业模式探讨

通过普遍认同的商业模式参考模型探讨和总结八维通科技有限公司“交通出行产业互联网”系列产品及交通出行电子支付乘车的成功运营经验,对交通出行电子支付产品的价值主张、消费者目标群体、分销渠道、客户关系、价值配置、核心能力、合作伙伴网络、成本结构、合作共赢模式九要素进行了分析。找准交通出行MaaS服务的电子支付特点、与当前各界支付服务的差别及带来的的提升作用,对出行电子支付各类产品的商业模式设计进行介绍。     

发动机电控系统EU5+诊断系统开发

针对EU5第2阶段排放法规(EU5+)需求,以发动机电控系统为应用对象,基于OBD系统功能开发流程进行了EU5+诊断系统开发.进行了 EU5+法规需求分析、现有系统架构设计与诊断功能开发、EU5+系统与诊断功能的发布.通过项目车队试验表明,所开发的EU5+诊断系统功能有效,可满足在用车最小诊断率的要求.     

对欧盟摩托车技术指令的解读

欧洲联盟是目前世界上发展最完善的汽车、摩托车一体化市场,欧盟政府制定发布了统一的汽车、摩托车技术指令,并依据这些指令对汽车、摩托车产品实施统一的型式批准制度,但在具体实施上,仍由欧盟各个成员国主管机关自行运作,这样势必造成不同的成员国对技术指令的解读和实施尺度上产生差异,为此欧盟各成员国主管机关定期召开协调会议,就技术指令的理解和实施统一认识。     

Safe System in road safety public policy: A case study from Victoria,Australia

Safe System has been the dominant approach to road safety in Victoria for over fifteen years, guiding the development and implementation of policy. Limited attention has been paid to the development and application of Safe System in a public policy setting. The aims of this research were to describe the intentions of Safe System in Victoria, and analyse how well this aligns with models of successful public policy. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with Australian and international experts (n = 10). These experts represented a range of organisations and leadership levels that were either directly involved in the development or had a detailed understanding of the development of Safe System in Victoria. The interview results were analysed using a policy success model. The findings suggested that Safe System can provide a framework to address road safety in Victoria, however successful public policy needs to ensure that the development of policy addresses the identified problem and that the results are maintained for some time. Safe System meets some of these requirements, but principally lacks explanation for how its overarching approach is meant to be understood and utilised. Practically, road safety professionals need to clarify the purpose of the Safe System concept in order for it to be successfully integrated into public policy. Whilst Safe System requires additional clarification, it has garnered additional interest and debate in road safety and from this perspective has advanced public policy.     

轻型汽油车EU6法规分析及发动机管理系统技术对策的研究

首先分析轻型汽油车EU6法规较EU5法规关键要求的变化;接着详细分析法规要求变化对发动机管理系统（EMS）的影响,特别是新增的实际驾驶排放（RDE）测试循环和颗粒数量（PN）限值要求对EMS的技术挑战;最后针对满足未来EU6c法规要求的EMS技术路线进行了初步探讨.     

欧盟机动车准入管理制度特点及发展趋势

梳理了欧盟型式批准框架指令的发展历程,阐述了各个主管部门的职责和准入管理的基本流程,重点介绍了以欧盟指令为依据的欧盟机动车型式批准制度,总结归纳了欧盟机动车准入管理制度具有强制性、公开透明、重视安全环保以及一致性监管严格等主要特点。结合近两年发布的政策法规要求,总结出欧盟机动车准入管理要求不断加严、新技术促进标准体系更加完善、积极推进自动驾驶准入管理等最新发展趋势,对我国机动车行业管理及出口欧盟准入具有一定的参考意义。     

欧美汽车市场准入管理方式的融合

近年来欧盟在汽车产品型式批准制度变革的过程中,开始大量采用美国自我认证的要素。文章分别介绍了欧美的2种认证制度,通过对欧盟汽车产品型式批准技术指令2010年的修订情况介绍,阐述了欧美汽车产品市场准入管理方式上日益融合这一发展趋势,有助于我国出口企业了解国际汽车产品准入管理制度最新发展情况,更好地开拓国际汽车市场。     

从欧盟卡车新标准,看卡车驾驶室外形新趋势

在2014年6月26日德国汽车工业协会举办的商用车行业国际新闻发布暨研讨会上,有记者对欧洲卡车制造商抛出这样的问题：＂欧盟卡车新标准会不会在近期带来卡车外形的变化,比如更具空气动力学的设计？＂参会的卡车及挂车制造商管理层表示,这取决于未来欧洲法规对卡车和挂车尺寸标准的放开,比如,制定更加宽松的车辆总长限制。在法规作出改变之前,他们并不认为最近的产品平台会发生较大的外形改变。     

Public private partnerships in transportation: Some insights from the European experience

Most EU member states and the European Commission regard the PPP as an important tool to attract additional financial resources for high priority investments such as transport. The objective of this paper is to delineate the EU panorama of PPP markets and investigate the impacts of EU institutions in the development and success of this type of financial arrangement for the transport sector in Europe. We examine how the scope of the PPP in Europe is based on the flexibility and adaptability of the contract to the features of the project and to the economic and institutional environment. These issues are illustrated through a number of examples in the transport sector. We conclude by observing that the market for PPPs, although still fragmented nationally, is developing a European dimension and attracting resources from a variety of players.     

汽车保险杠标准对比分析

目前对汽车保险杠产品认证主要采用中国、美国和欧盟3种标准,是评价车辆碰撞性能的依据。通过对比美国、欧洲和我国汽车保险杠标准,对主要差异点进行了具体分析,指出了差异存在的原因。汽车保险杠标准明确了汽车保险杠的弹性变形特性能吸收大量的碰撞能量,对强烈撞击有较大的缓冲作用,对车辆和乘员起到保护作用,便于指导车辆生产企业加强对汽车保险杠结构的优化设计,以提高汽车保险杠的耐撞性。     

城市交通发展过程中的环境问题及对策研究

交通污染已经成为我国城市空气和噪声的主要污染源,严重影响了城市的经济发展和居民的生活质量。用牺牲环境及资源来解决交通问题是城市交通发展的一大误区。该文在分析城市交通污染现状的基础上,从可持续发展的角度,按照以人为本的理念,提出了治理交通污染的宏观政策与具体对策。     

欧盟一般安全法规(EC)661/2009解读分析

为适应欧盟新的整车型式认证要求,本文主要介绍欧盟一般安全法规(EC)661/2009中整车型式认证变化以及电子稳定控制系统、自动紧急制动系统、车道偏离预警系统和轮胎环保等级的法规与新要求。     

施工企业经营投标管理

结合施工企业经营投标经验，对施工企业的经营投标工作从管理体制、人员素质、经营方针、方法、策略、战略等各个方面进行阐述，提出了“完善经营投标管理体制，培养提高经营投标人员素质，动态管理，建立投标项目责任人员负责制，刚性项目履约”等经营管理思想；“有所为、有所不为、实现量质统一”的经营方针；“长期培育与重点突破”相结合的经营方法；“细分市场，差异化、合作化经营”的经营策略；“文化经营、品牌经营”的经营战略。     

商用车辅助系统的创新与趋势

数据显示,2001 2010年,欧洲每年因道路交通事故死亡的人数从5.4万人减少至2.9万人,下降了46％.虽然这些数字基本符合欧盟到2010年将道路交通事故死亡人数减半的宏伟目标,但是在继续减少道路交通事故死亡人数方面仍有很大的努力空间,尤其是与商用车有关的道路交通事故.