轿车车身模态分析及结构优化设计

在保证车身结构力学特性的前提下,对白车身结构进行了简化,并以四边形板壳单元为主要离散单元,建立了某自主研发轿车白车身的模态分析有限元模型。通过对该有限元模型进行的自由模态分析,得到白车身的各阶模态频率和模态特性,为动态设计提供了参考依据。针对分析得到的局部不合理结构进行了零件结构和布局的优化设计,使整车刚度更趋合理。     

A Research on the Forward Concept Design of Car Body for Frontal Crash

提出了基于正面碰撞的轿车车身正向概念设计流程.首先对某车型的原始车身外表面进行了拓扑优化,得到较优的结构,通过建立梁单元简化模型,快速验证拓扑结构的有效性;对准静态加载工况,进行尺寸优化,得到车身主要部件的初步尺寸,作为正撞仿真的基础;以矩形薄壁直梁为研究对象,应用梁单元等效模型进行了正面抗撞性概念设计,得到轿车车身的初步尺寸,作为结构详细设计的基础.结果表明,此概念设计流程切实可行且易于实现,可为车身达到各项预期性能打下良好的基础.     

概念车身框架结构的多变量截面参数优化

建立了由Timoshenko梁单元、Mindlin四边形板单元及接头单元构成的概念车身框架结构简化模型,并对该复杂结构进行了参数优化.为简易求解,将梁单元的力学特性参数转为截面几何变量,以梁单元、板单元截面几何参数为设计变量,以车身框架质量最小、刚度最大为目标,建立多目标优化模型,并采用Pareto遗传算法进行求解.算例表明:经过有限代进化,所有个体全部落入可行域内,并最终找到较优解;优化后的模型车身质量减轻,刚度提高.     

商用车驾驶室白车身焊点缩减拓扑优化研究

为某一商用车驾驶室白车身建立了以固有频率为约束条件,焊点体积最小化为目标的优化模型.利用有限元法进行结构拓扑优化,根据灵敏度分析得到的每个单元对结构性能的贡献来决定有限元单元的保留或删除.通过拓扑优化,驾驶室白车身焊点数目大幅度减少,获得了满足设计要求的焊点的重新分布.对比优化前后仿真分析结果表明,文中所建模型及分析方法是合理而有效的.     

在概念设计阶段用FEM进行车身设计的研究

采用空间梁单元和空间板壳单元建立了轿车概念设计原简化力学模型，并利用该模型研究了各主要结构断面的截面特性对车身刚度的影响。最后总结了如何在概念设计阶段用有凶分析的方法进行车身设计。     

车身整体骨架强度与局部截面形状分析

根据实际研究课题的需要,在对典型豪华客车结构阐述的基础上,分析了基于国外成熟客车车型初期设计的合理性。提出了异型截面梁在全承载客车上的作用。并根据试验客车的实际结构和尺寸,准确地建立了杆系单元大客车车身骨架有限元计算模型,对车身骨架的强度和刚度进行了分析,得到了全杆系单元客车车身骨架模型的应力分布与整体变形结果。     

车身点焊连接有限元模拟方法研究

通过焊接钢板的实验模态与分析模态的对比分析,讨论了3种焊点有限元模型的模拟精度及建模时间.建立了某型轿车和微型客车的车身有限元模型,进行了轿车白车身分析模态与实验模态的对比分析,以及微型客车整车强度、实车破坏情况分析,进一步讨论了焊点模型的模拟精度.结果表明,单个梁单元可用于模拟车身模型中的点焊连接,为车身的结构分析及设计提供了有力支持.     

含柔性接头的车身薄壁梁骨架结构概念设计方法研究

为了缩短车身结构设计周期,提高薄壁梁骨架模型的建模效率和求解精度,提出了含柔性接头的车身薄壁梁骨架结构概念设计方法。首先,通过详细有限元模型求解接头各分支不同方向的弯曲刚度;然后,将刚度特性赋给弹簧单元模拟梁单元连接位置的柔度;最后,开发相应的建模与分析软件。通过比较详细模型与梁骨架模型的弯扭刚度和自由模态,验证了含有柔性接头的梁骨架模型的有效性,该模型的应用可提高车身结构的正向设计效率。     

基于耐撞性能的白车身简化模型建模研究

以白车身前纵梁为例,基于白车身的耐撞件能对设计初期简化模型的建模进行了研究.引入神经网络技术实现了白车身耐撞性能参数与梁单元特性参数的非线性映射,通过提取和储存梁单元的特性参数,实现了梁单元模型对传统壳单元有限元模型的等效替代和模型优化.研究表明,通过神经网络技术得到的梁单元模型能够准确体现白车身的正碰特性参数,可在概念设计阶段对车身耐撞性进行有效预测.     

半承载式大客车车身有限元建模及强度分析

在Unigraphics（UG）系统中建立车身骨架的模型后，利用特殊的网格单元处理方法，在ANSYS中建立了车身骨架板单元和梁单元相结合的混合有限元模型。用有限元方法分析了半承载式客车车身骨架的静态强度，探讨了半承载式车身骨架在不同工况下的受力特性，针对中门变形过大的问题做相关分析，找到了车身薄弱环节，为产品改进提供依据。     

盾构管片接头三维数值模拟与研究

盾构管片接头作为管片分块的连接部分,是盾构管片结构中的重要且薄弱的局部结构,其力学性能直接影响盾构管片正常运营的安全性。利用三维有限元方法建立了精细化的三维数值模型,采用实体单元模拟了铸铁件管片接头、螺栓、垫片等结构,计算了螺栓表面荷载下管片接头的力学性能和锚筋支座反力,通过3组螺栓位置情况讨论分析了锚筋位置对管片接头结构力学性能以及锚筋支座反力的影响。数值计算结果说明三维有限元法能有效的计算和分析盾构管片接头的力学性能,锚筋位置的改变能明显的影响锚筋支座反力。     

高低塔不对称斜拉桥横向受力数值分析

高低塔不对称斜拉桥的横向受力是其结构分析的关键之一，对桥梁结构的安全性和耐久性有着重要意义。依托某高低塔不对称斜拉桥，分别建立了杆系模型和实体模型并对其横向受力进行了数值分析，研究了多个工况下结构的受力规律。同时，对比两种模型的计算结果，分析表明活载作用下两种模型应力相差0.5～2 MPa，人群荷载作用下基本一致，杆系模型较实体模型更为保守。     

U形-箱形组合结构连续梁力学特性研究

U形-箱形组合连续梁计算现阶段缺乏具体的经验和理论公式,文中在杆系模型分析的基础上,采用通用有限元程序ABAQUS分析了结构典型部位的受力情况,研究了该类桥梁在多种工况下的力学行为和受力机理。结果表明:U形-箱形组合连续梁力学特性明显区别于传统梁型,空间受力特性明显;由于横向变形导致U形梁腹板内、外侧应力存在差异,平截面假定已不适用。     

虚拟层合单元与杆单元在桥梁预应力混凝土结构分析中的合成方法

对预应力混凝土的计算方法和研究现状做出了评价,提出针对预应力混凝土结构分析的单元形式。通过自由度变换,把空间杆单元的节点自由度用空间虚拟层合单元的节点自由度来表示,即杆单元的节点无需固定在体单元节点上,共同模拟了预应力混凝土结构。在单元内采用选择性积分的方法计算单元刚度矩阵,用较少的单元模拟出了复杂的断面形式;并采用单独的空间杆单元模拟预应力束,能直接求解预应力对结构产生的变形和内力。经实例验证分析,使用该单元进行预应力混凝土结构分析,在网格划分比较稀疏的情况下,仍然获得较为精确的结果,较传统的预应力计算方法更为简单、更为准确。     

初始偏位梁式桥墩柱力学性能分析

对于中小跨径梁式桥,墩高较大且墩柱数量较多,施工过程中墩柱偏位现象时有发生.围绕墩柱初始偏位,归纳墩柱偏位出现类型,分析其内力分布特征,并以某墩柱偏位超限高墩连续梁桥为例,建立全桥杆系结构与墩柱实体结构有限元模型,分析墩柱偏位超限对主梁、墩柱的内力、变形及稳定性的影响.结果表明:从理论上,墩位偏位后将产生附加的弯矩、剪...     

带橡胶套的稳定杆有限元分析

采用HyperMesh软件建立了横向稳定杆的有限元模型，采用实验数据和MSC．Marc软件建立了橡胶衬套的模型，按照实际的受力与约束对横向稳定杆的应力与变形进行了仿真计算研究，计算结果得到了试验结果的验证。     

基于CATIA的汽车横向稳定杆的参数化设计

参数化设计在产品的优化设计中发挥着重要作用。为完成汽车横向稳定杆的参数化设计,文章推导出横向稳定杆尺寸参数的约束公式,并在此基础上建立基于CATIA的稳定杆参数化模型,将模型与Excel表格相关联,实现参数驱动横向稳定杆的自动重构,完成横向稳定杆的参数化设计。运用Abaqus软件建立横向稳定杆有限元模型,校核结果验证了稳定杆参数化设计的正确性。     

Dynamic and Vibration Analysis of a Vehicle Rear Axle System

A detailed finite element model for the rear axle system of a sport utility vehicle is developed in this investigation. The axle system is treated as a multibody system that consists of nine bodies that include the input shaft, two output shafts, the carrier and tube system, four control arms and a track bar. The rotating input and output shafts are mounted on the carrier and tube system using six bearings. The four control arms and the track bar are connected to the carrier system and the frame of the vehicle using rubber bushings. In the model developed in this investigation, three dimensional beam elements are used to develop the finite element model for the input and output axle shafts, the control arms, and the track bar. A non-conventional finite element formulation is used to develop the equations of motion of the rotating input and output shafts in order to account for the effect of their angular velocities. These equations are expressed in terms of inertia shape integrals that depend on the assumed displacement field. The inertia shape integrals are first evaluated for each finite element. The inertia shape integrals of the rotating shafts are obtained by assembling the inertia shape integrals of its finite elements using a standard finite element assembly procedure. A conventional finite element formulation is used for the control arms and the track bar. The model developed in this investigation includes the effect of the bearing stiffness, the effect of the stiffness of the helical springs of the suspension system, and the effect of the stiffness of the tires. Using the Lagrangian dynamics and the finite element method, the equations of motion of the axle system are developed and expressed in terms of the nodal coordinates of the shafts, the control arms and the track bar as well as the degrees of freedom of the carrier. This finite dimensional model is used to determine the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the axle system. The discrepancies between several of the natural frequencies predicted using the dynamic model developed in this investigation and natural frequencies determined experimentally are found to be less than 2%. A parametric study is performed in order to investigate the effect of the axle system parameters on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Using the modal transformation, a set of differential equations of motion of the axle system is developed and used to examine the system dynamics under given loading conditions. The solutions of the resulting equations of motion are obtained using numerical methods.     

Dynamic and Vibration Analysis of a Vehicle Rear Axle System

A detailed finite element model for the rear axle system of a sport utility vehicle is developed in this investigation. The axle system is treated as a multibody system that consists of nine bodies that include the input shaft, two output shafts, the carrier and tube system, four control arms and a track bar. The rotating input and output shafts are mounted on the carrier and tube system using six bearings. The four control arms and the track bar are connected to the carrier system and the frame of the vehicle using rubber bushings. In the model developed in this investigation, three dimensional beam elements are used to develop the finite element model for the input and output axle shafts, the control arms, and the track bar. A non-conventional finite element formulation is used to develop the equations of motion of the rotating input and output shafts in order to account for the effect of their angular velocities. These equations are expressed in terms of inertia shape integrals that depend on the assumed displacement field. The inertia shape integrals are first evaluated for each finite element. The inertia shape integrals of the rotating shafts are obtained by assembling the inertia shape integrals of its finite elements using a standard finite element assembly procedure. A conventional finite element formulation is used for the control arms and the track bar. The model developed in this investigation includes the effect of the bearing stiffness, the effect of the stiffness of the helical springs of the suspension system, and the effect of the stiffness of the tires. Using the Lagrangian dynamics and the finite element method, the equations of motion of the axle system are developed and expressed in terms of the nodal coordinates of the shafts, the control arms and the track bar as well as the degrees of freedom of the carrier. This finite dimensional model is used to determine the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the axle system. The discrepancies between several of the natural frequencies predicted using the dynamic model developed in this investigation and natural frequencies determined experimentally are found to be less than 2%. A parametric study is performed in order to investigate the effect of the axle system parameters on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Using the modal transformation, a set of differential equations of motion of the axle system is developed and used to examine the system dynamics under given loading conditions. The solutions of the resulting equations of motion are obtained using numerical methods.     

双扭杆双横臂悬架有限元建模与分析

建立了某五轴载货汽车双扭杆双横臂悬架有限元模型，对各零部件之间连接关系进行模拟，在此基础上，对模型静态刚度和强度特性进行分析。计算结果与理论解和试验结果基本吻合，验证了该类型悬架有限元模型的正确性。