纯铝的多轴非比例循环塑性行为实验研究

为纯铝材料进行了４种应变路径和２种轴向应力－扭转剪应变组合路径的非比例循环试验,揭示了纯铝在非比例循环加载下塑性应变率方向和塑性模量的演化特征;分析了纯铝的多轴棘轮行为。得到了一些有意义的结果。     

X射线衍射法测试高速列车车体铝合金残余应力

为了准确、无损、快速地检测高速列车铝合金的表面残余应力,采用等强杆拉伸试验方法,用X射线衍射法对测试结果进行标定,并用X射线衍射法、盲孔法以及有限元法对测得的车体铝合金焊接接头残余应力进行了对比.结果表明:等强杆拉伸试验标定过程中,在10～70 MPa范围内,随着拉伸载荷的增加,X射线法测得的应力与载荷应力具有一致性,可采用X射线衍射法对车体关键部位应力状态进行测试分析,X射线衍射法残余应力的数值略大于理论计算值和电测法计算值;车顶铝合金焊接接头最大残余应力可达146.3 MPa;X射线衍射法与等强杆标定方法、盲孔法、有限元计算模拟方法的残余应力结果保持了较好的一致性.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺探索与研究

对铝合金薄板的对接、角接及圆筒纵缝进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺实验。实验结果表明：搅拌焊头的结构形状、旋转速度及焊接速度是决定搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成型及接头组织、性能的重要因素。     

Ignition-proof properties of a high-strength Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr alloy

<正>A high-strength Mg-15.3Gd-l.8Ag-0.3Zr(GQ152K,mass fraction) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy process.The solution and aging(denoted as T6) treated alloy exhibits remarkable mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 421 MPa and tensile yield strength of 309MPa.It has higher igniting temperature of 1208 K.Moreover,it can stand against flame at 1203 K for over 6 min in vertical burning tests, and its flammabiUty behavior is very similar to that of 6101A1 alloy.Vertical burning tests appear to be able to directly study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys and it appears to be a good approach to study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys in an aircraft fire accident.     

室温下不锈钢的多轴时相关循环变形行为

对1Cr18Ni9不锈钢在室温下的非比例多轴时相关循环应变特征和棘轮行为进行了试验研究，以考察应变率、应力率和加载路径对其循环变形行为的影响．结果表明，1Cr18Ni9不锈钢的循环应变行为和棘轮行为对应变率、应力率很敏感，具有时相关特点：在多轴应变循环下，其最大等效应力随应变率增大而增大；在棘轮试验中，其轴向棘轮应变则随着应力率减小而增大．此外，加载路径对1Cr18Ni9不锈钢的循环粘塑性变形行为也有较大影响：多轴应变循环下，在所采用的直线、菱形和圆形3种加载路径中，圆形路径引起的非比例附加硬化程度最高，其次是菱形路径．然而，试验发现，在多轴棘轮试验中，圆形路径产生的棘轮应变高于菱形路径.     

胶粘剂和CFRP吸湿对复合材料粘接接头失效的影响

对胶粘剂和复合材料的影响进行解耦;采用常温环境分别对胶粘剂、碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)和CFRP/铝合金粘接接头进行不同时间周期的浸泡,研究了不同应力状态对粘接接头失效的影响;以准静态失效测试的失效强度和失效模式分析为主,结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析、差示扫描量热法分析和扫描电子显微镜分析,分别研究胶粘剂和CFRP吸湿后的失效机理,揭示了吸湿对复合材料粘接接头失效的影响机理。分析结果表明:胶粘剂在吸湿30 d后发生了水解,失效强度下降约53.7%,失效应变约为原来的3.2倍;CFRP吸湿后表面粘附性降低,容易引起界面失效,但打磨之后能够得到改善,CFRP吸湿后纤维/基体界面力学性能降低,在正应力状态下更容易造成纤维撕裂;CFRP/铝合金粘接接头的失效强度在吸湿30 d后下降了约23%,失效断面中胶粘剂出现了韧性断裂和界面失效;通过对胶粘剂、CFRP和CFRP/铝合金粘接接头吸湿后的失效分析,发现剪应力状态下的CFRP/铝合金粘接接头失效主要受胶粘剂吸湿后的性能下降影响,其次是界面失效的影响,而正应力状态下的CFRP/铝合金粘接接头失效还受CFRP性能下降造成的纤维撕裂影响。      

耦合损伤时相关疲劳失效模型的有限元实现

为了将耦合损伤时相关疲劳失效模型移植到有限元软件ABAQUS中,使其能够对钎料合金简单结构试样的非比例多轴低周疲劳失效行为进行有限元模拟,通过ABAQUS提供的材料子程序UMAT对其进行了有限元实现,并通过典型算例对简单结构试样在非比例加载路径下的低周疲劳失效行为进行了有限元数值模拟.与相同加载路径下的实验结果比较表明:移植的模型能够较好地模拟钎料结构试样的载荷响应及载荷随循环周次的衰减,同时也能较好地预测其低周疲劳寿命,说明该疲劳失效模型的有限元移植是合理有效的.     

Novel material of hydrogen generation

A novel aluminum alloy which could react with water and generate hydrogen at room temperature was prepared via mechanical alloying (MA). The results shows that milling time, additives and mass ratio have a significant role in the hydrogen production rate. The highest hydrogen production rate of alloys reaches 95% of theoretical value. The velocity of hydrogen generation reaches more over 200 mL/min for a gram alloy. Active materials (Ga and In) included in the aluminum alloys can be recycled and used repeatedly. The hydrolysis reaction between aluminum and H₂O will take place and release a large amount of heat, which contributes to increasing the velocity of hydrogen generation. The reaction products consist of AlO(OH) and hydrogen.     

缺口应力集中对5083-H111铝合金超高周疲劳性能的影响

为正确评价超高周范围内带缺口的5083-H111铝合金疲劳强度的降低程度和疲劳强度对缺口的敏感程度,用20kHz的超声疲劳实验技术分别对漏斗形光滑试件、缺口（2种）试件进行了105~1010周次的对称拉压超声疲劳实验,并用扫描电镜分析了疲劳断口形貌。结果表明:在1010周次内,光滑和缺口试件疲劳曲线分别表现出极限平台型和连续下降型特征,缺口显著降低了5083-H111铝合金的疲劳性能;绝大部分试件疲劳裂纹萌生于表面,断口上没有观察到鱼眼形貌特征。理论应力集中系数为1.94的试件疲劳弧线成凹形,理论应力集中系数为2.90的试件裂纹源分布在断口四周;不同的疲劳裂纹萌生机制使得缺口应力集中对疲劳性能的影响规律不同,对于只有一种表面裂纹萌生机制的5083-H111铝合金,超高周范围内疲劳缺口系数和疲劳缺口敏感系数均随着疲劳寿命的增加而增加。      

Segmental Bridges under Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear

Segmental bridges with unbonded prestressed tendons have some advantages, such as the weather independence and the corrosion protection of prestressing tendons. This paper analyzed the behavior of a prestressed segmental bridge with unbonded tendons under combined loading of torsion, bending and shear. According to the experiment research, a modified skew bending model was developed to calculate the bearing capacity of segmental bridges subjected to combined bending, shear and torsion. The finite element method was used to investigate the deflection behaviors of such structure, also to check the theoretical model. The theoretical and FEM research resuits were compared favorably with the test results from Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. Finally, suggestion for the design and construction of segmental bridges with external prestressing was made.     

铝合金表面镍钼二元化学转化膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性

以NiSO4和Na2MoO4作为成膜主盐制备铝合金表面无铬的Ni-Mo二元化学转化膜,考察了溶液pH值、NiSO4浓度、Na2MoO4浓度、温度对Ni-Mo二元膜耐腐蚀性能的影响.耐腐蚀性试验、电化学分析和SEM表征结果表明：与空白铝合金试片、覆盖Ni一元膜的铝合金试片相比,覆盖Ni-Mo二元膜的铝合金具有更佳的耐腐蚀性能和更为平整的转化膜外观.     

沥青路面裂纹扩展数值模拟及影响因素分析

应用线弹性断裂力学理论结合同时考虑交通与温度载荷的有限元方法来研究沥青路面裂纹扩展路径.采用1/4等参奇异性单元模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,运用窗口移动技术模拟裂纹扩展路径,并发展了沥青路面裂纹扩展模拟程序.应用该程序模拟了不同荷载作用位置下路面结构中表面和基层底面裂纹的扩展情况,同时研究了路面结构层模量组合对沥青路面裂纹扩展的影响.模拟表明,该方法能较好地模拟裂纹扩展行为,有助于更好地了解沥青路面的开裂行为.     

沥青路面裂纹扩展数值模拟及影响因素分析

应用线弹性断裂力学理论结合同时考虑交通与温度载荷的有限元方法来研究沥青路面裂纹扩展路径.采用1/4等参奇异性单元模拟裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,运用窗口移动技术模拟裂纹扩展路径,并发展了沥青路面裂纹扩展模拟程序.应用该程序模拟了不同荷载作用位置下路面结构中表面和基层底面裂纹的扩展情况,同时研究了路面结构层模量组合对沥青路面裂纹扩展的影响.模拟表明,该方法能较好地模拟裂纹扩展行为,有助于更好地了解沥青路面的开裂行为.     

流固冲击载荷下加筋板非线性动力响应与敏感度分析

在考虑大变形、忽略阻尼的影响下,基于有限元软件ANSYS分析了加筋板在流固冲击载荷下的非线性瞬态响应.不仅将不同的冲击载荷形式,譬如阶跃载荷和三角形载荷,与流固冲击载荷对加筋板动力特性的影响进行了比较,还分别讨论了载荷峰值、冲击载荷持续时间、板厚、加强筋材料体积比和截面宽高比的影响,并对它们作了敏感度分析.     

Influence of Ca Element on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ61-1.2Y

The effects of Ca element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61-1.2Y alloy were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile tests and fracture analysis. The results show that, with the addition of Ca element, the microstructure of AZ61-1.2Y was obviously refined, high melting point Al2Ca intermetallic compound formed, and β-Mg17Al12 phase disappeared. With 1.0% Ca addition, the values of tensile strength at 25, 150 and 175 ℃ reached their maxima simultaneously, 225, 182, and 175 MP...     

纵向冲击下高速列车车体承载极限数值模拟

进行了高速列车车体6005A-T6、6082A-T6铝合金的静态拉伸和动态压缩试验,识别了0.001~2 500 s-1应变率范围内2种铝合金的材料应变率效应,建立了对应的Johnson-Cook本构模型;构建了高速列车典型车辆的显式动力分析模型,完成了刚性墙冲击车体过程仿真,研究了车钩稳态载荷、冲击速度、加载方式对车体承载极限的影响;分析了高速列车一号车和二号车车体在冲击载荷下的变形演化,通过应力变化临界点确定了车体的承载极限,并对列车在更高能量配置模式下的车体承载性能进行了验证。研究结果表明:在0.001~2 500 s-1应变率范围内,6005A-T6和6082A-T6铝合金应变率敏感系数分别为2.9×10-3和8.5×10-3,应变率效应不明显;纵向动态冲击载荷下,应变率强化对铝合金车体结构承载力影响不明显,惯性效应是其承载能力高于静态极限的主要原因;纵向冲击载荷从车钩位置传递时,一号车和二号车车体的动态承载力水平显著高于车体许用静态压缩载荷;冲击载荷下的车体结构承载力可为高速列车碰撞各界面能量分布问题中吸能元件平台力取值提供上界;可适当考虑提高车体许用压缩载荷以扩大列车端部吸能部件力学参数设计域,以满足更苛刻需求下的列车被动安全性能。      

整体桥H型钢-RC阶梯桩与土相互作用拟静力试验

以H型钢-RC阶梯桩模型试验为背景,进行了2根H型钢-RC阶梯桩(HS-RC-0.25、HS-RC-0.50)及1根H型钢桩(HS)的低周往复荷载拟静力试验;在桩顶施加水平位移荷载,埋设应变片与土压力计,采用特殊设计的桩身水平变位测试方法,得到了H型钢-RC阶梯桩桩身破坏特点、沿桩深方向的桩身水平位移与应变、骨架曲线和滞回性能曲线;利用OpenSEES对比分析了桩顶自由与固定条件下阶梯桩桩顶水平变位能力,得到了阶梯桩水平承载力折减系数与转化系数,对比了利用折减系数得到的模型桩水平承载力计算值与试验值。试验结果表明:H型钢桩的桩顶弹性变形为2~25 mm,其水平变形能力强,承载能力好,加载全过程滞回环饱满,耗能效果好;刚度比对阶梯桩的破坏模式无显著影响,阶梯桩的上段钢桩均无明显的屈曲破坏,变截面处混凝土严重剥落且破坏位置相同;随刚度比增大,阶梯桩-土体系屈服位移及屈服荷载均提高,HS-RC-0.25较HS-RC-0.50桩顶屈服位移减小了29.15%,桩身应变突变减小;阶梯桩的滞回环在加载初期因为滑移表现为捏拢状,而在加载后期过渡为饱满的梭形,耗能效果良好,HS-RC-0.50加载全过程的耗能比HS-RC-0.25多25.4%,具有较好的水平变形能力;对比试验值,HS-RC-0.25的计算误差为-9.68%,HS-RC-0.50的计算误差为-2.47%。可见,HS-RC阶梯桩能满足整体桥桩基的水平变形需求,利用折减系数能较好地计算阶梯桩的水平承载力特征值。      

Recycling of aluminum from fibre metal laminates

Recycling of aluminum alloy scrap obtained from delaminated fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was studied through high temperature refining in the presence of a salt flux. The aluminum alloy scrap contains approximately mass fraction w(Cu) = 4.4%, w(Mg) = 1.1% and w(Mn) = 0.6% (2024 aluminum alloy). The main objective of this research is to obtain a high metal yield, while maintaining its original alloy compositions. The work focuses on the metal yield and quality of recycled Al alloy under different refining conditions. The NaCl-KCl salt system was selected as the major components of flux in the Al alloy recycling. Two different flux compositions were employed at NaCl to KCl mass ratios of 44:56 and 70:30 respectively, based on either the eutectic composition, or the European preference. Different additives were introduced into the NaCl-KCl system to study the effect of flux component on recycling result. Although burning and oxidation loss of the alloying elements during re-melting and refining take place as the drawbacks of conventional refining process, the problems can be solved to a large extent by using an appropriate salt flux. Experimental results indicate that Mg in the alloy gets lost when adding cryolite in the NaCl-KCl salt system, though the metal yield can reach as high as 98%. However, by adding w(MgF₂) = 5% into the NaCl-KCl salt system (instead of using cryolite) all alloying elements were well controlled to its original composition with a metal yield of almost 98%.     

大理岩真三轴单面卸荷条件下加卸载试验研究

为了准确地评价巷（隧）道开挖面附近围岩的稳定性,采用真三轴卸荷扰动岩石测试系统对大理岩岩样进行第三主应力单面卸荷加、卸载试验研究. 通过高应力巷（隧）道开挖围岩失稳机理分析,采用不同应力加卸路径模拟能量积聚型和应力集中型两种物理工程破坏模型,进一步分析两种破坏模型的应力-应变曲线规律、破坏特征和强度特征. 研究结果表明:随着卸荷面应力的减小出现扩容现象,主要破坏面在临空面附近,随着轴压的升高,劈裂破坏范围增大,卸荷临界值也增大;随着围压增高,屈服点和峰值点增大,并且屈服点和峰值之间的曲线斜率较为平缓,破坏由局部张拉-劈裂-剪切复合性破坏发展成整体劈裂破坏;同围压条件下卸荷破坏强度是加载破坏强度的80%,岩体卸荷比加载更容易破坏,进而修正了广义Hoek-Brown强度准则.      

考虑材料高温蠕变的螺纹副轴向承载分布规律

为了研究高温蠕变对螺纹副承载的影响，分别在常温、250、300、350 ℃下对铝合金试样进行单轴拉伸蠕变试验，通过试验数据拟合得到不同温度下铝合金的时间硬化蠕变模型参数；基于ABAQUS建立螺纹副承载分布有限元模型，描述螺栓连接组合结构在高温环境下的工作情况，研究螺纹副材料在线弹性、塑性、蠕变情况下的承载分布. 结果表明:螺栓连接组合结构在高温环境下工作时，被连接件铝合金材料发生蠕变，导致螺纹副1号螺纹牙受轴向载荷大幅减少；考虑材料线弹性后，1号螺纹牙承载比例为22.88%～23.15%；考虑材料塑性后，1号螺纹牙承载比例为20.80%～20.95%；考虑材料蠕变后，1号螺纹牙承载比例为20.65%～21.02%；考虑材料塑性和蠕变后，1号螺纹牙承载比例有所降低，所有螺纹牙所受轴向载荷趋于平均.