AZ31镁合金在Na2SO4溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

将AZ31镁合金在pH6.1的0.1mol/L Na2 SO4溶液中长时间浸泡,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析不同浸泡时间腐蚀产物膜的相结构和形貌变化;利用阳极极化和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测量技术研究AZ31镁合金腐蚀产物膜的形成过程及浸泡时间对合金耐蚀性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:AZ31镁合金在0.1mol/L NaSO4溶液中可形成固态的多孔氧化膜,腐蚀产物膜主要由MgSO4组成;随着浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀产物膜在合金表面的覆盖率和厚度逐渐增加,阳极极化曲线呈现类似于自钝化的现象,且自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,腐蚀电流密度减小,表明腐蚀产物膜对基体具有一定的保护作用;腐蚀产物成膜过程中的EIS均呈现两个容抗弧,具有两个时间常数,两个容抗弧的直径均随浸泡时间的增加而增大,同时相位角平台变宽,相位角提高,说明腐蚀产物膜的厚度越厚,对阻碍反应离子向基体扩散和迁移的影响越大.     

Influence of high frequency vibration on deep drawing process of AZ31 sheet at room temperature

Quasi-ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 15 kHz and a maximum output of 2 kW was imposed on the deep drawing process of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at room temperature, in order to reveal the effect of high frequency vibration on deformation behavior of AZ31 during the process. From the drawn results and the observation of the microstructure within the large deformation area, high frequency vibration has a great influence on the formability, the forming load and the failure mode of AZ31 sheet during the deep drawing process; the influence is a comprehensive result of so-called ??volume effect?? and ??surface effect??, and relies on the vibrating amplitude. Total forming load decreased significantly as soon as the vibration superimposed. According to the tensile test results of AZ31 bars under ultrasonic vibration, the formability of AZ31 sheet increases firstly with the increase of stimulating energy, then decreases and finally becomes brittle. Under the combined influence of ??surface effect?? and the ??softening?? in the ??volume effect?? near the relative low amplitude of 25%A in the experiment (A is the maximum amplitude), the formability of AZ31 reaches the largest value, and the samples possess the same distribution trend of cracks as those added with lubricating oil. With the increase of excitation energy, the ??volume effect?? gradually becomes apparent, and finally the ??hardening?? of the ??volume effect?? occupies a dominant position.     

镁合金AZ31的差热分析及凝固组织观察

利用差热分析（DTA）和在不同温度下加热-急冷,并结合金相组织观察的方法研究了AZ31镁合金的凝固相变温度及凝固组织变化特征．通过对AZ31镁合金DTA曲线的分析和不同温度下金相组织的比较、分析,确定了该合金的相变起始温度为430．1℃,共晶温度为438．5℃,固相线温度为614．4℃,液相线温度为636．4℃．同时,通过对不同温度下急冷试样的组织观察,分析了AZ31镁合金在凝固过程中的相变及组织演变特征,并确定了差热分析所得相变温度的准确性．     

Investigation on Two Electrically-Assisted Forming Processes of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheets

Two new types of electrically-assisted forming(EAF) processes of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets,i.e., electrically-assisted blanking(EAB) and electrically-assisted sheet upset-extruding(EASUE), are proposed in this paper. During EAB, pulsed current(PC) decreases blanking load and improves blanked surface quality,and higher frequency has a more effective improvement; when the frequency reaches 600 Hz, the whole punched hole fracture is improved to smooth zone. Moreover, EAB does not influence the microstructure and does not induce obvious annealing, and this process is advantageous to the materials that cannot change microstructure.During EASUE, PC can reduce extrusion load and enhance extrusion height, and higher frequency also has a more effective improvement. Both processes indicate that introducing PC can effectively improve the part quality and have an application prospection.     

Microscopic structure and property of double-electrode gas metal arc welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy

This paper focuses on the research on double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW) of AZ31 B magnesium alloy sheet with 2 mm thickness. During the welding process, stable hybrid arc of metal inert gas(MIG) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) is employed as welding heat source. Optical and electron microscopes are used to observe the microstructures of the weld joint. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) are employed to identify the components in fusion zone. Microhardness is also tested. When the MIG current is 80 A, the perfect weld joint is obtained, though figures of fish scales are observed in all joints in the research. The fusion zone is formed by dendrites, where β-Mg17(Al, Zn)12is dispersed. The hardness in fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ) is lower than that in base metal(BM). The average Vickers hardness of fusion zone and HAZ is about 58 and 56 respectively, while the Vickers hardness of BM is about 63.     

AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头显微组织及疲劳性能

为了改善镁合金焊接接头的微观组织及其力学性能,采用真空电子束焊接工艺对厚10 mm的AZ31B镁合金板材进行焊接,分析电子束对接接头的显微组织、元素分布和物相组成,检测了电子束对接接头静载拉伸性能和疲劳性能.试验结果表明AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能均得到了改善:焊缝区晶粒明显细化,焊缝区Mg、Zn元素的质量分数分别降低了0.12%和0.28%,Al、Mn元素的质量分数分别增加了0.24%、0.14%,焊缝区为单相α-Mg,无明显的低熔点β-Mg17Al12脆性;焊接接头的抗拉强度为242 MPa,能够达到母材的抗拉强度;在脉动载荷（R=0.1）、2×106循环次数下,其接头的疲劳强度为91 MPa,能达到母材的78.4%.      

微观组织结构对变形镁合金AZ80阻尼性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了AZ80镁合金在挤压态、固溶态和时效态的显微组织,并用动态机械分析仪研究了不同微观组织状态下AZ80镁合金的阻尼性能.结果表明：AZ80合金在挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶,随后在410℃进行4 h固溶处理,强钉扎点数量减少,合金的阻尼性能提高,在170℃时效18 h由于第二相析出偏聚于晶界处,降低了晶内弱钉扎点的数量,且时效降温过程中,由于基体与析出相热膨胀系数的差异,导致产生新的位错,增大了位错密度,使阻尼性能进一步提高.该合金室温阻尼机制可用G-L位错钉扎模型解释.     

Ca含量对AMCa镁合金超高周疲劳断裂行为的影响

为了阐明Ca含量对镁合金疲劳性能的影响,采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机对两种AMCa镁合金进行超高周疲劳实验,并利用扫描电子显微镜SEM （scanning electron microscope）和X射线能谱仪EDS （X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy）观察疲劳试样的断口形貌,分析了两种镁合金疲劳S-N（疲劳应力-疲劳寿命）曲线特性和疲劳断裂行为,讨论了Ca元素含量增加对镁合金疲劳寿命和疲劳裂纹萌生机制的影响. 结果表明,AM1.77 Ca镁合金S-N曲线没有传统的疲劳极限,呈现曲线连续下降趋势;AM1.85 Ca镁合金具有双S-N曲线特性,在130 MPa左右出现转折点;Ca元素含量增加导致镁合金产生微观结构缺陷,使材料的疲劳裂纹萌生模式从AM1.77 Ca镁合金的表面萌生模式转变为AM1.85 Ca镁合金的两种疲劳裂纹萌生模式,即表面萌生和次表面萌生模式,这种转变对材料抗疲劳性能的提升不利.      

Influence of Ca Element on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ61-1.2Y

The effects of Ca element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61-1.2Y alloy were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile tests and fracture analysis. The results show that, with the addition of Ca element, the microstructure of AZ61-1.2Y was obviously refined, high melting point Al2Ca intermetallic compound formed, and β-Mg17Al12 phase disappeared. With 1.0% Ca addition, the values of tensile strength at 25, 150 and 175 ℃ reached their maxima simultaneously, 225, 182, and 175 MP...     

Effects of micro-arc oxidation coating on corrosion behavior of Mg-Y-Zn in simulated body fluid

The application of magnesium and its alloy as degradable biomaterials is mainly confined due to its high degradation rate in physiological environment. This research focused on the effects of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on biodegradable behavior of Mg-Y-Zn magnesium alloy in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The corrosion rate of alloys was gauged by means of hydrogen evolution volume measurement and mass-loss method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to observe the surface of the magnesium alloy and the cross-section of oxidation coating layer before and after corrosion. The Mg-Y-Zn alloy with thicker oxidation coating exhibited greater corrosion resistance during the immersion test for 240 h.     

AZ91与AM60腐蚀性能比较研究

文章利用浸泡失重法和动电位测极化曲线法,研究了铸造镁合金AZ91和AM60在不同介质中的腐蚀性能,并比较不同热处理工艺对镁合金腐蚀性能的影响。     

Polycrystalline behavior analysis of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31

Uniaxial tensile and compressive tests were performed at room temperature on extruded AZ31 Mg alloy specimens and distinct tensile-compressive anisotropy was detected. Deformed specimens were examined and the results indicate that the generation of {10 $\bar 1$ 2}〈10 $\bar 1$ 1〉 twin is responsible for the mechanical anisotropy. A rate independent crystal plasticity model, which accounts for both slip and twinning, was developed for polycrystalline hexagonal close packed (HCP) materials. Model predictions for the stress-strain curves and texture evolution were in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Specifically, the model captured the three stages of strain hardening for uniaxial-compression. By comparing stress-strain curves and texture evolution between model predictions and experimental measures, information about the dominant slip and twinning systems active at room temperature was deduced.     

Grain refining mechanism of carbon inoculation on Mg-Al alloy

The processing parameters and refining mechanism of Mg-Al alloy treated with a newly developed carbon inoculant under different conditions were investigated experimentally in this work. Results show that the finest ??-Mg grain in AZ91D alloy can be obtained after processing at about 740°C, and the average grain size of ??-Mg grain decreases from about 180.4 to 85.6 ??m by adding mass fraction w _in = 1% inoculant into melt. However, no evident refinement was achieved with excessive inoculant for Mn-free Mg-9Al alloy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis on the Mn-contained intermediate phase and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that Mn element plays an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation of ??-Mg grain. In the early stage of solidification, Al-Mn-C compound particles formed on the surface of Al₄C₃ nano-particles should be the potential nuclei for primary ??-Mg and probably responsible for the grain refinement achieved in the carbon inoculation process.     

Investigation of the capabilities of yield functions on describing the deformation behavior of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet under combined loading paths

The combined loading tests of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet are used to verify the yield function. Three yield functions are implemented into the commercial finite element model (FEM) code ABAQUS as a user material subroutine UMAT for the FEM simulation of the combined loading tests. The comparison of the simulating and experimental results shows that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can describe the mechanical behavior of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet under combined loading paths reasonably while other three yield functions do not. The performance of the modified Yld2000-2d yield function on describing the mechanical behavior under combined loading paths is analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the modified Yld2000-2d yield function can be adopted to describe the deformation behavior of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet for industrial applications.     

Precision Improvement of the Discrete Calculation Method for Sound Radiation Research

Sound radiation of thin plates is a common problem in engineering. Hashimoto proposed the discrete calculation method(DCM) to deal with the problem. The calculation of the radiation impedance of the rectangular element is more cumbersome than that of the circular one, so the discrete rectangular radiation element is approximated by the circular one. However, error is also introduced. The formula developed by Sha has been employed to get self- and mutual-radiation impedances of rectangular radiation element. Numerical study was performed to verify error introduced by the approximation Hashimoto adopted. Experimental researches on sound radiation of a 2 mm-thick and a 4 mm-thick magnesium alloy plates were also carried out to evaluate the errors introduced by the approximation. The experimental results indicate that the circular approximation Hashimoto adopted overestimates the sound radiation efficiency. The maximum error levels of the radiation efficiencies of the2 mm-thick and 4 mm-thick magnesium alloy plates are up to 0.15 and 0.12, respectively. The effect of element aspect ratio on the sound radiation efficiency is also remarkable.     

慢性肺心病急发期血镁与心律失常

本文对98例慢性肺心病急性发作期患者血镁与心律失常的关系作了观察,其中低镁血症31例,其心律失常的发病率为93.54%(29/31)血镁浓度大于0.75mmol/L 者67例,其心律失常的发病率为70.15%。13例低患血症合并心律失常者接受硫酸镁治疗,12例心律失常在治疗当天或三日内控制,无效者1例,系肺心病合并冠心病。结果提示低镁血症易致心律失常及洋地黄中毒,镁剂对心律紊乱有显著疗效,本文还就其作用机制进行了讨论。     

Microstructure and property of friction stir welding joint of 7075Al and AZ31BMg

Microstructure and forming quality of friction stir welding joints of 7075Al and AZ31BMg with different welding parameters were analyzed. The results show that, good welded joint is obtained when the rotating frequency is 13 r/s and the welding speed is 30 mm/min. An irregular area is formed in the welding center. Meanwhile, the river pattern and eddy-like distribution are found in the weld nugget zone. Besides, brittle intermetallic compounds Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and Al₃Mg₂ are found in the welded joint. They cause the increase of microhardness of welded joint. The maximum tension stress of welded joint is 112MPa.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺探索与研究

对铝合金薄板的对接、角接及圆筒纵缝进行了搅拌摩擦焊工艺实验。实验结果表明：搅拌焊头的结构形状、旋转速度及焊接速度是决定搅拌摩擦焊焊缝成型及接头组织、性能的重要因素。     

Microstructure and hardness of Ni-xSi alloys

The microstructure and hardness of conventionally solidified Ni-xSi (x = 21.4%, 22%, 24%, 26%) alloys were investigated. The solidification microstructures of different Ni-Si alloys were observed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the phase composition was indentified under the help of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The macro- and micro-hardness of the Ni-Si alloys at room temperature were also examined. The experimental results indicated that both the microstructure and hardness closely depended on the Si content. Due to the vast formation of primary ??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase, the hardness of Ni-26.0%Si alloy was significantly improved compared with that of Ni-21.4%Si eutectic alloy. However, the fracture toughness was greatly weakened simultaneously. The (?? ₁-Ni₃Si+??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂) lamellar eutectoid structure formed in the primary ??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase exhibited better ductility than single ??-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ phase at the cost of relatively small hardness reduction.     

Improvements of elevated temperature strength and creep resistance of Mg-12Zn-4Al based alloy with calcium addition

A series of Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn (ZA124) based alloys with additions of calcium have been prepared and their microstructure and properties have been investigated. The results show that Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn alloy consists of the ??-Mg matrix and block quasicrystal and exhibits excellent creep resistance compared to commonly used AZ91 alloy. A small amount of calcium addition to the ZA124 based alloys increased the yield strenghth at both ambient and elevated temperatures as well as creep resistance, although the ductility decreased slightly. Microanalysis indicated that the addition of calcium decreased the quasicrystalline phase and caused the formation of some lamellar precipitates of Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ with orthorhombic crystal structure. This Ca-containing Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ phase with high stability straddled the grain boundaries and strengthened grain boundaries by inhibiting crack propagation during creep tests at elevated temperature.