Experimental Investigation of TARMAX Model for Modeling of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinder-like Structures

A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input a...     

Empirical model of the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two flexible circular cylinders in a tandem configuration were studied numerically for spacing ratios ranging from 6 to 18 and the reduced velocities ranging from 2.35 to 12.59. The VIV response amplitude, response frequency, fluid force, pressure distribution and vortex structure of the tandem cylinders with different spacing ratios under different reduced velocities were compared. The results indicate that there is a great difference between the lift forces on the downstream and upstream cylinders. The lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder undergoing the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) is larger than that of the upstream cylinder, and the dominant frequency curves of the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream cylinders separate. It can be found that the length and intensity of the wake are quite different under different reduced velocities and spacing ratios, and the reattachment positions between the wake and the downstream cylinder are different, which leads to a great change in the flow around the downstream cylinder and have a great effect on the wake-induced lift force on the downstream cylinder. Considering these factors, an empirical model for the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio was proposed and verified.     

Two degree of freedom flow-induced vibration of cylindrical structures in marine environments: frequency ratio effects

The flow-induced vibration of a cylindrical structure is a very common problem in marine environments such as undersea pipelines, offshore risers, and cables. In this study, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted cylinder at a low Reynolds number is simulated by a transient coupled fluid–structure interaction numerical model. Considering VIV with low damping ratio, the response, hydrodynamic forces, and vortex shedding modes of the cylinder is systematically analyzed and summed up the universal rule under different frequency ratios. On the basis of the analysis, we find that the frequency ratio α is a very important parameter. It decides the locked-in, beat, and phase-switch phenomena of the cylinder, meanwhile, it also influence the vortex mode of the cylinder. The trajectory of the two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) case at different natural frequency ratios is discussed, with most trajectories having a “figure of 8” shape and a few having a “crescent” shape. A fast Fourier transformation technique is used to obtain the frequency characteristics of the vibration of the cylindrical structure. Using the 2 DOF cylinder model in place of the 1 DOF model presents several advantages in simulating the nonlinear characteristics of cylindrical structures, including the capacity to model the crosswise vibration generated by in-line vibration.     

升力鳍伺服系统非定常水动力特性的研究

重点研究了升力鳍升力及转矩与鳍角的非定常水动力特性。通过对鳍升力和转矩的非定常水动力特性试验数据的分析,提出了升力鳍系统的鳍角与升力的换算关系应建立在非定常水动力的基础上。以Theodorsen理论为基础,利用水动力试验数据,修正了基于Theodorsen理论的计算升力系数的公式,提出了修正的升力转矩非定常水动力的数学模型,经实例计算仿真结果与水池试验结果比较,验证了该数学模型的正确性。利用该数学模型直接计算升力,可以省去复杂的、可靠性低、误差大的升力测量装置及复杂的升力计算。该研究也进一步充实了升力鳍非定常水动力特性的理论研究,解决了升力计算的问题。     

Estimation of wind loads on VLFS of semisubmersible type

This paper presents the results of investigation of wind lift force on VLFS of semisubmersible type. In the present study, wind–wave tank experiments on the scale model were also conducted in regular progressive waves. Lift forces and wind pressure were measured as a function of column diameter, unit number, superstructure and wave condition, and divided into time-averaged mean and fluctuating components. The importance of lift force, especially at the leading edge of deck, was verified in the experimental results. The results showed that fluctuation in lift force which was caused by interaction between the wind and wave was significantly large in typhoon conditions. Measured lift forces were linearly related to fluctuation of wind velocity. A lift force model is further proposed for the estimation of lift forces on VLFS of semisubmersible type and the effectiveness of this model was confirmed by the present experimental data.     

基于LES方法圆柱绕流三维数值模拟(英文)

采用计算流体软件CFX5中large.eddy simulation(LES)模型计算了均匀流场中三维圆柱绕流的水动力特性.使用有限体积法对三维N-S方程进行求解.数值模拟着重研究了高雷诺数时展向各截面的压力、阻力、升力及涡管特性.数值计算结果表明:展向各截面柱体受力关于中截面对称且小于二维情况,柱体周围流场呈现明显的三维特性.     

海上平台支撑柱绕流特性的大涡模拟分析

海上平台是开采海洋资源的关键建筑,而支撑柱在平台中起着至关重要的作用。本文建立在海水作用下支撑柱做单圆柱绕流、串列双圆柱绕流和并列双圆柱绕流的二维流场模型,运用大涡模拟方法,对这3种模型进行数值模拟,得出其瞬时流场速度云图和圆柱受力特性曲线图。模拟计算层流和湍流情况下的圆柱绕流,通过模拟结果分析流场、升力系数和阻力系数的变化规律。     

Black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion based on feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function

Based on polynomial interpolation and approximation theory, a novel feed-forward neural network, the feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function, is proposed for black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion. The neural model adopts a three-layer structure, in which the hidden layer neurons are activated by a group of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomial activation functions and the other two layers’ neurons use identity mapping as activation functions. Weight update formulas are derived by employing the standard back-propagation (BP) training method. With the simulated 15º/15º zigzag test data as input and calculated values of the hydrodynamic forces and moment as output, the feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function and the BP neural network are applied to identify the nonlinear functions in the nonlinear hydrodynamic model of ship manoeuvring motion. With the simulated 20º/20º zigzag test data and 35º turning test data as input, the hydrodynamic forces and moment are predicted by using the identified nonlinear functions. Comparison between the calculated and predicted hydrodynamic forces and moment shows that the feed-forward neural network with Chebyshev orthogonal basis function is superior to the BP neural network in identifying the nonlinear functions of the nonlinear hydrodynamic model of ship manoeuvring motion and is an effective method to conduct the black-box modeling of ship manoeuvring motion.     

升力鳍实验装置的升力函数发生器

本文重点研究了鳍的动态水动力在升力鳍实验装置上的应用.在分析升力鳍实验装置施力要求的基础上,提出并成功应用神经网络BP算法逼近鳍的动态水动力曲线,然后将训练好的神经网络作为该实验装置施力系统升力函数发生器,实现对实验装置中鳍的施力,该研究也进一步完善了该实验装置.     

三维有限长旋转圆柱水动力性能的实验及数值分析（英文）

The hydrodynamic performance of a three-dimensional finite-length rotating cylinder is studied by means of a physical tank and numerical simulation. First, according to the identified influencing factors, a hydrodynamic performance test of the rotating cylinder was carried out in a circulating water tank. In order to explore the changing law of hydrodynamic performance with these factors, a particle image velocimetry device was used to monitor the flow field. Subsequently, a computational field dynamics numerical simulation method was used to simulate the flow field, followed by an analysis of the effects of speed ratio, Reynolds number, and aspect ratio on the flow field. The results show that the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the cylinder increase first and then decrease with the increase of the rotational speed ratio. The trend of numerical simulation and experimental results is similar.     

水流作用力垂向变化对块体抛放影响的综合研究

考虑块体在水体中的相对位置,综合研究了不同水深区域内水流作用力系数的变化关系。在自由水表面和河床壁面附近区域,应分别考虑水表面波动和边界层对垂线流速分布的影响,由平均流速计算得出的拖曳力系数与相对位置基本呈递增关系,而上举力系数递减;介于上述区域之间时,近似认为拖曳力系数和上举力系数不随相对位置变化。因此,在受力分析以计算石块或沙袋的抛掷位移时,应考虑水流流动作用力垂向不断变化的特点。     

物体斜出水过程的轴向水动力参数辨识

文章对约束物体零攻角高速出水的轴向水动力参数进行了辨识,获得了轴向方向的附加质量和阻力系数的非线性模型.同时,用零攻角的其它斜出水试验状态下的试验数据对辨识结果进行了验证,验证表明,利用辨识获得的水动力模型计算的结果与试验数据比较吻合,辨识算法是有效的,获得的水动力模型是可靠的.     

Hydrodynamic inline force prediction on vertical cylinders: a comparative study of neural network and its adaptive wavelets (wavenets)

The design of the neural network model and its adaptive wavelets (wavelet networks and wavenets) was used to estimate the wave-induced hydrodynamic inline force acting on a vertical cylinder. The data used to calibrate and validate the models were obtained from an experiment. In the brain, wavelet neural networks (WNNs) use wavelets to activate their hidden layers of neurons. In WNNs, both the position and dilation of the wavelets are optimized along with the weights. In one special approach to this kind of network construction, the position and dilation of the wavelets are fixed and only the weights of the network are optimized. In the present study, the neural network procedure and the above mentioned approach were employed to design a WNN, a so-called wavenet, using feed-forward neural network topology and its training method. Then, a comparison of these two methods was made. Numerical results demonstrate that both networks are capable of predicting hydrodynamic inline force. Furthermore, the combination of the neural network concept and the wavelet theory i.e. wavenet provides a more robust tool rather than standard feed-forward neural network, considering its more appropriate ability to predict any other data which the network had not experienced before. The results of this study can contribute to reducing the errors in future efforts to predict hydrodynamic inline force using WNNs, and thus improve the reliability of that prediction in comparison to the ANN and other methods. Therefore, this method can be applied to relevant engineering projects with satisfactory results.     

圆柱壳结构振动功率流和主动力幅值的控制研究

以输入结构的总功率流和所需主动力幅值为控制目标函数,对输入圆柱壳结构振动功率流的主动控制进行了研究,并分析了几个重要参数对壳体结构振动功率流控制效果的影响.利用导纳函数求解结构响应,构造目标函数为二次型函数形式,利用哈密尔顿二次型最小值理论给出最优控制力前馈控制表达式.     

升船机提升系统中船厢、水体和钢缆相互耦合作用分析

本文在作者[1]先前采用水弹性理论建立的对整个提升系统的动力特性进行数值研究的理论模型的基础上,首先对船厢变形状态下的缆力表达式作了更为详细的推导,然后以中国船舶科学研究中心的1∶30的缩比模型为对象,从整体角度,对其流固耦合问题,主要是提升过程中船厢内水体的晃荡、提升缆的受力和船厢动态响应,作了数值研究.在提升系统受到船厢内一非对称水波扰动的假定下,分别对船厢简化为刚性和考虑实际弹性的两种情况进行了计算、分析和对比,得出了一些有益的结论.计算结果表明,对升船机这样一个复杂系统,文献[1]中所建立的理论模型及本文的数值计算方法是可行的.     

Integral transform solution for fluid force investigation of a flexible circular cylinder subject to vortex-induced vibrations

In the present paper, fluid force distribution of a long flexible cylinder subject to vortex-induced vibrations is investigated by Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT). This method is using experimental response data as input, and then implementing GITT to transfer the governing differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Therefore, the selection of truncation order could be analyzed to avoid the error induced by the high-mode response. Once each mode contribution of fluid force is obtained, the analytical inversion transfer recovers the fluid force. An experiment was carried out in a towing tank and the experimental response was accurately measured and used as input, then GITT was performed to calculate the fluid force distribution of the long flexible cylinder. The comparison between the numerical results from GITT and the experimental results from load cell verified the capability and availability of the proposed method. If one can use this method for lower modes, then one certainly can extend the method for higher modes. Two experimental cases from the literature were evaluated and good agreement was obtained based on the spatio-temporal evolutions of the lift coefficient and the mode numbers. Since this method is easy to implement, it could be an alternative method to investigate fluid force of such slender structures.     

智能算法和物体斜出水水动力参数辨识

提出了一种基于智能技术的新的辨识算法一随机差分群体智能算法,并对约束物体带攻角高速出水的水动力参数进行了辨识,建立了λ22和C,的数学模型.用同一攻角的其它试验数据对辨识的模型进行了验证,结果表明,模型的预测值与观测值相当一致.     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

块体形状对水流拖曳力的影响

在计算块体受到的水流拖曳力时,常借鉴针对球体所提出的公式,然而它并不能客观地反映出块体形状对拖曳力产生的影响。文中将块体形状概化为长方体,通过水槽试验测量了水流作用下不同尺度的大颗粒块体受到的水平拖曳力,研究了块体形状对水流拖曳力的影响,并提出了考虑块体形状影响的拖曳力计算公式。