舰船航态最优控制器的设计

在已知船舶控制模型和海浪干扰模型的前提下,按照适航性能的要求统一考虑了对横荡、横摇和艏摇运动的控制,运用卡尔曼滤波器估计系统状态,采用最优控制理论实现舵鳍联合控制舰船的横向运动,并对不同浪向下的控制效果进行了仿真研究.     

基于变结构控制理论的船舶非线性控制仿真研究

为了提高船舶的航行安全性以及航行中的舒适性,设计了舵鳍联合减摇控制器.分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了分散变结构控制器,最后针对这类控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究.仿真结果表明舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能大的减小横荡.     

舰船航态最优控制器的设计

在已知船舶控制模型的海浪干扰模型的前提下,按照适航性能的要求统一考虑了对横荡、横摇和艏摇运动的控制,运用卡尔曼滤波器估计系统状态,采用最优控制理论实现舵鳍联合舰船的横向运动,并对不同浪向下的控制效果进行了仿真研究。     

船舶舵鳍联合减摇模糊变结构控制研究

分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶舵鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了舵鳍联合控制器和分散非线性变结构控制器,为了改善控制的品质,又进一步提出了模糊趋近律变结构控制的方法,最后针对减摇控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明:舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能的减小横荡。     

基于变结构控制理论的船舶非线性控制仿真研究

为厂提高船舶的航行安全性以及航行中的舒适性．设计了舵鳍联合减摇控制器。分析了船舶运动的非线性模型，根据实际情况进行假设，得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程，把非线性船舶鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型；将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统．进行了舵鳍联合控制，设计了分散变结构控制器，最后针对这类控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明：舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇，并能尽可能大的减小横荡。     

船舶大舵角转向时艏摇与横摇的耦合仿真研究

摘要：为进一步研究船舶在大幅度转向时艏摇和横摇的耦合机制,在非线性船舶运动数学模型的基础上,进行了不同情形下的操纵仿真试验。试验结果显示在大舵角转向时,船舶的艏摇和横摇运动存在较强的耦合作用,横摇幅度和艏摇幅度存在正相关性。指出大幅度的横摇使艏摇出现相位滞后和偏离基准航向的现象;在横摇过大的情况下,大幅度动舵和加速操纵将导致稳性迅速消失和航向打横。     

动力定位船舶模糊解耦定速航行控制算法

[目的]在海洋石油开采、湖泊水质监测等领域,为了实现船舶自主定位及自主航行,需对动力定位船舶的航速予以控制。[方法]建立船舶三自由度(3-DOF)运动模型,提出基于模糊解耦控制的船舶定速航行控制算法。针对被控对象的建模误差,分别设计纵荡、横荡和艏摇回路模糊控制器。针对横荡与艏摇回路变量之间的耦合问题,采用前馈补偿解耦环节来消除控制量之间的相互影响。[结果]定速航行控制仿真平台的实验结果表明,该模糊解耦控制算法的动态性能好、稳态精度高,且具有一定的鲁棒性。[结论]研究成果可为船舶定速航行的精确控制提供参考。     

基于MMG标准的船舶四自由度操纵运动仿真

为设计优良的操纵运动控制系统,基于MMG标准方法,构建了纵荡—横荡—横摇—艏摇四自由度运动方程。首先,详细介绍了MMG标准操纵性数值仿真模型及操纵运动仿真方法,其中横摇仿真考虑了粘性横摇阻尼力矩和静水回复力矩的影响。其次,利用Matlab对基于MMG标准方法的船舶四自由度运动方程进行建模,并针对某集装箱船开展回转操纵运动仿真。结果显示:基于MMG标准模型进行的船舶操纵运动快速预报具备较好的预报精度。     

遗传粒子群优化算法在船舶动力定位控制中的应用

针对船舶动力定位系统精确定点控制的问题,结合遗传算法(GA)独特的选择交叉变异功能和粒子群优化算法(PSO)较好的记忆功能等优点,提出了遗传粒子群(GAPSO)算法,并应用到最优控制性能指标加权矩阵的权重系数选择中。通过1艘海工多用途动力定位船舶定点控制仿真实验,使船舶纵荡和横荡的位置及艏摇角都逐渐保持在期望值,且所有输出值都收敛有界,结果与传统最优控制相比,遗传粒子群算法在最优控制中更具有效性及较好的寻优性能,有益于船舶工程的应用。     

可回转双桨电力推进船舶运动模型的研究

根据船舶分离型运动建模方法,分析了可回转双桨船舶的运动规律及其在船舶纵荡、横荡和艏摇三个自由度上的作用力,建立可回转双桨作用下的电力推进船舶的推进与回转运动模型,导出船舶运动线性响应方程。通过数值仿真,验证了可回转双桨电力推进船舶的推进与回转运动模型的准确性。     

基于势流理论的船舶操纵水动力分析

以船舶操纵水动力预报为研究背景,以无界流场势流理论为基础,采用边界元法,对目标Wigly船在斜航运动状态下的流场速度和转首力矩进行计算。分析了斜航时船舶周围流场的分布规律,研究了转首力矩随船舶漂角的变化规律。结果表明,该研究对预报斜航时船舶的运动规律具有较好的应用前景。     

Roll-induced bifurcation in ship maneuvering under model uncertainty

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the maneuvering motion of a naval ship and bifurcations of its equilibrium are identified in roll-coupled motion. The subject ship is a high-speed surface combatant with twin-propeller twin-rudder system. Captive model tests are conducted for the ship using planar motion mechanism. Maneuvering coefficients are calculated by polynomial curve fitting of the test data. Uncertainty distribution in the coefficients is assumed same as that of the curve fitting errors. Uncertainty in the model coefficients is propagated to full-scale simulation results by the stochastic response surface method (SRSM). This method is computationally efficient as compared to standard Monte Carlo simulation technique. The SRSM uses polynomial chaos expansion of orthogonal to fit any probability distribution. Bifurcation analysis of the mathematical model is performed by varying the vertical center of gravity as the bifurcation parameter. Hopf bifurcation is identified. It is found that the bifurcations occur due to the coupling of roll motion with sway, yaw motion and rudder angle. In the presence of wind, roll angle response in bifurcation diagram is discussed.     

两种响应型船舶运动模型的对比及适用性分析

船舶运动模型作为自动舵性能检测平台的基础与核心，对于自动舵的研发、调试及船舶运动控制算法的设计都有非常重要的意义。现有的航迹航向自动舵检测平台普遍使用简化的一阶线性KT方程。由于忽略船舶回转运动中的纵向速度变化以及首摇角与横向速度之间的耦合，在实际使用中具有一定的局限性。本文引用国际电工委员会制定的航迹自动舵标准（ IEC62065）中提出的船舶运动模型，并对其进行仿真，将仿真结果与一阶线性KT方程的仿真结果进行对比分析，讨论一阶线性KT方程的适用范围。同时介绍改进的一阶非线性KT方程的形式并进行仿真试验，结果表明其与 IEC62065中非线性模型相似度较好，且减少了计算量。     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

Influence of initial heeling angle on ship roll motion response北大核心CSCD

[目的]系统地研究初始横倾角对随机横浪下船舶横摇运动响应的影响。[方法]以路径积分法为基础,通过数值求解控制横摇运动微分方程概率属性的Fokker-Planck方程,得到横摇运动响应的概率分布。[结果]结果显示,初始横倾角对船舶横摇运动响应谱的影响有限,但对横摇角概率分布以及横摇运动响应极值分布的影响十分明显,且会造成船舶安全性的显著恶化。[结论]路径积分法可作为研究随机海浪下船舶横摇运动特性的有效数值方法。     

Broaching probability for a ship in irregular stern-quartering waves: theoretical prediction and experimental validation

To avoid stability failure due to the broaching associated with surf riding, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has begun to develop multilayered intact stability criteria. A theoretical model using deterministic ship dynamics and stochastic wave theory is a candidate for the highest layer of this scheme. To complete the project, experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating broaching probability in irregular waves is indispensable. We therefore conducted free-running model experiments using a typical twin-propeller and twin-rudder ship in irregular waves. A simulation model of coupled surge–sway–yaw–roll motion was simultaneously refined. The broaching probability calculated by the theoretical method was within the 95 % confidence interval of that obtained from the experimental data. This could be an example of experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating the broaching probability when a ship meets a wave.     

航母运动对着舰引导雷达精度的影响

航母的海上运动严重影响着舰引导雷达的测量精度。为排除航母运动的影响,提高雷达测量精度,分别分析了航母的平移运动和摇摆运动对雷达测量值的影响规律,并建立相应的误差模型。通过选取合适的航母运动参数,仿真航母的摇摆姿态角,进而根据误差模型仿真航母摇摆运动对雷达测量俯仰角和方位角的影响规律。结果表明：着舰引导雷达的方位角误差与航母艏摇角成线性关系,且与纵摇角无关;俯仰角误差与航母纵摇运动高度相关;距离误差不受航母摇摆运动的影响,且与航母平移运动关系不大。     

基于三维解析法的船舶碰撞外部动力学研究

目前国际上船舶碰撞外部动力学的解析法研究均局限于船体碰撞运动的二维假设,忽略了可能存在的大幅横摇。依据文献[1]给出的二维船舶碰撞数学模型,建立了包括横移、纵移、首摇和横摇在内的三维船舶碰撞数学模型,并编制程序对文献[2]中的算例进行计算,计算结果表明船舶横摇运动在大多数船舶碰撞情况下是不可忽略的。     

SWATH船运动中断分析和减横摇控制器设计

针对SWATH船实航时产生的水平筛动问题,研究由横荡、横摇和艏摇的耦合运动产生的船舶运动中断(MII),提出设计SWATH船稳定鳍减横摇控制器,减小MII。通过理论分析MII产生原因和SWATH船稳定鳍工作时产生减摇作用的力和力矩特性,验证利用稳定鳍减小SWATH船横摇运动,抑制MII的可行性。在保证SWATH船升沉和纵摇运动的基础上,设计稳定鳍减横摇控制器,减小SWATH船横摇。仿真结果表明,控制器使SWATH具有良好的纵向运动性能,有效减小了横摇运动,抑制MII。