PULMONARY VESSEL EXTRACTION BASED ON COHERENCE DIFFUSION AND FAST MARCHING

Clinicalresearchshowsthattheanalysisofpul monaryvesselshelpidentifyingearlyfeaturesofre piratorypathologicchanges.Pulmonaryvesselex ractionplaysanimportantroleinmedicalimage processingandanalysis.Moreover,theresultsof vesselsegmentationprovideatoolforunde…     

Image series segmentation and improved MC algorithm

A semiautomatic segmentation method based on active contour is proposed for computed tomography （CT） image series. First, to get initial contour, one image slice was segmented exactly by C-V method based on Mumford-Shah model. Next, the computer will segment the nearby slice automatically using the snake model one by one. During segmenting of image slices, former slice boundary, as next slice initial contour, may cross over next slice real boundary and never return to right position. To avoid contour skipping over, the distance variance between two slices is evaluated by an threshold, which decides whether to initiate again. Moreover, a new improved marching cubes （MC） algorithm based on 2D images series segmentation boundary is given for 3D image reconstruction. Compared with the standard method, the proposed algorithm reduces detecting time and needs less storing memory. The effectiveness and capabilities of the algorithm were illustrated by ,experimental results.     

Elliptical splats based isosurface visualization for volume data

Elliptical splats are used to represent and render the isosurface of volume data. The method consists of two steps. The first step is to extract points on the isosurface by looking up the case table. In the second step, properties of splats are computed based on local geometry. Rendering is achieved using surface splatting algorithm. The obtained results show that the extraction time of isosurfaces can be reduced by a factor of three. So our approach is more appropriate for interactive visualization of large medical data than the classical marching cubes (MC) technique.     

噪声符合高斯分布的曲面图像分割

针对噪声符合高斯分布的曲面图像分割问题,提出了一种基于变分水平集方法的隐式曲面上噪声符合高斯分布的图像分割模型。为定义隐式曲面上图像区域划分的动态轮廓线,引入另一个动态水平集函数,其零水平集与隐式曲面的交线即为曲面上区域划分的轮廓线。该模型采用N个水平集函数划分2^N个区域的区域竞争策略。通过变分方法得到图像分割空间轮廓线演化的梯度降方程。通过显式差分格式对演化方程进行离散。实验结果表明,该模型对曲面上噪声符合高斯分布的图像具有良好的分割效果,并且在图像分割的同时能够完全保持曲面固有的几何特征。     

FEMUR SHAPE RECOVERY FROM VOLUMETRIC IMAGES USING 3-D DEFORMABLE MODELS

IntroductionThe rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament( ACL) has become the most common knee in-juries.In operation of ACL reconstruction,thesurgeons have to find the optimal attachmentpoints resulting in a low anisometry of the graft,while preventing impingement between the graftand the femoral notch.Markus Fleute andStéphane lavallée[1] proposed a real- time systemfor computer- assisted ACL surgery.A recentadvance in surgery is minimally invasive tech-nique that can avoid the large…     

Human and bicycle detection system using range sensor

This paper presents a full-scale solution to the detection of the traffic data using laser device. Range images, gathered by a particular laser camera, are used in the multi-threshold segmentation. The multi-threshold segmentation is based on the height of the moving objects. In order to get the precise height of the moving objects, mapping of the original terrain is performed on the first step. On each layer, the clustering algorithm called iteration-self organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (ISODATA) is conducted afterwards. Kalman filtering technique is applied to recognize and track the moving objects. Extensive experiments show that these algorithms are effective in object recognition and tracking, as well as robust in the applications.     

吻合血管腓骨移植治疗股骨头缺血坏死

临床观察吻合血管腓骨移植治疗成人股骨头缺血坏死520例，其中有创伤史229例，服用激素药物史者228例，有酗酒史者34例，原因不明者29例。术后315例获得1～15年随访，结果提示，优良率为86．6％。手术切开说关节囊，在彻底清除股骨头内骨坏死囊变组织的同时，植入新鲜自体松质骨并在股骨头颈部前外侧植入吻合血管的腓骨。该手术增加了股骨头部血液供给，充分减轻了股骨头内压力，加之腓骨为坚质骨，来后不易吸收，对股骨头颈部起到了支撑作用，防止了股骨头进一步塌陷。     

表面结构特征的MOTIF评定与区域合并算法

表面结构在现代工程产品中发挥着越来越重要的作用,为了提取其特征,根据最新的区域表面结构国际标准,引人流域分割法,将表面结构进行划分,从而根据3D-MOTIF参数对表面结构特征进行表征.针对表面结构划分中的过度分割问题,提出了基于灰值预处理的区域合并算法,能有效合并表面上的过度分割的不重要的微小区域,从而进一步提取表面结...     

IMAGE SEGMENTATION BASED ON MARKOV RANDOM FIELD AND WATERSHED TECHNIQUES

IntroductionThere are many methods to perform imagesegmentation and edge detection tasks that incor-porate region- growing and edge detection tech-niques,for example,it is applying edge detectiontechniques to obtain Difference In Strength( DIS)map then employ region growing techniques towork on the map as in Refs.[1 ,2 ]. In the others,combining both special and intensity information inimage segmentation approach based on multi- reso-lution edge detection,region selection and intensi-ty thre…     

基于类间和类内方差的快速二维阈值分割法

为了提高二维阈值分割法的处理速度,提出二维类间方差最大法的快速实现方法.首先,将二维最佳阈值（s*,t*）的求解拆分成两个一维最佳阈值s*和t*的求解,并引入类内距离的定义,提出新的最佳阈值判别式.其次,将原二维直方图分成M×M个区域,合并每个区域为一点,并构建新的二维直方图,在其上应用本文改进的阈值判别式D（s*,t*）求解,得到分割阈值所在的区域编号.最后,在该区域内再次使用D（s*,t*）求解得到原始图像的最佳分割阈值.理论分析及针对不同信噪比的多幅图像的实验结果表明,本文方法的分割错误率低于原始二维Otsu法,且将原算法的时间复杂度由O（L4）降为O（L1/2）,空间复杂度由S（L2）降为S（2L）.      

股骨头内松质骨移植观察

目的　了解股骨头内松质骨移植后的病理变化 ,为股骨头坏死治疗提供理论基础。方法　 80只日本白兔分实验组 (股骨头内骨质刮除 ,自体松质骨移植 )和对照组 (股骨颈骨折后原位内固定 ) ,进行病理组织学、X线和血管造影观察。结果　松质骨移植后股骨头可完全修复 ,且较对照组效果好。结论　髓腔血供可修复股骨头 ,故提供血管修复的环境很重要 ,而股骨头坏死治疗中血管植入可能只起加快修复作用     

车牌自动识别系统设计与实现

车牌自动识别分为图像预处理、车牌定位、字符分割、字符识别四步。利用形态学变换对图像进行滤波聚类,HOUGH变换对车牌图像进行水平校正,BP神经网络的方法进行字符识别,最后基于DELPHI7．0环境下设计开发了车牌自动识别系统。     

经皮注射骨形态发生蛋白复合PVP载体修复股骨头骨缺损的实验研究

目的　研究经皮注射骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP)复合可溶性载体聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP)是否能促进股骨头骨缺损的修复 ,探讨治疗股骨头骨缺损的新方法。方法　将 2 0只成年兔犬股骨头部制成骨缺损模型 ,实验分四组 ,注射BMP与PVP复合组 ,单纯注射BMP组 ,自然修复组和正常组。通过X线片、组织病理学、碱性磷酸酶、新生骨钙磷含量测定和生物力学等手段检测其成骨性能。结果　注射BMP PVP组术后 1 2周全部发生骨性愈合 ,而单纯注射BMP及自然修复组无 1例发生骨性愈合。结论　经皮注射BMP PVP复合物具有促进骨修复的作用 ,有可能成为治疗骨缺损的一种方法。     

Eye and Iris Detection Using Projection and Radial Symmetry Transform

This paper presents an eye and iris detection algorithm for human facial images. The authors combine three features of the eye to develop the algorithm: 1) the pixels surrounding the eyes are more variable than other parts of the face; 2) eye pixels are darker than their neighbors; 3) eyes often exhibit radial symmetric properties. Through the first feature, two rough regions of both eyes are detected on the face. Eye masks are then formed based on the second feature, and a fast radial symmetry transform is applied to the two rough regions of both eyes. Finally, accurate iris centers are located by searching the maximum value of the radial symmetry transform results. Using 450 human facial images from the Caltech face database, experiments show that the success rate of the proposed method is 91.7%. The effectiveness of the method was also verified through detection of video frames.     

实验性股骨头骨缺损修复过程的生物力学研究

目的　对股骨头内骨缺损自然修复过程进行分析、评价。方法　本实验分脱位组、未脱位组及正常组 ,对犬股骨头内骨缺损修复过程进行计量组织学及生物力学研究。结果　脱位组股骨头均塌陷 ,未脱位组囊腔硬化带形成 ,两组囊腔均未完全闭合。脱位组的骨小梁体积及软骨下骨厚度、软骨下骨生物力学特性均较正常组及未脱位组低。脱位组松质骨的抗压强度及弹性模量较未脱位组低。结论　股骨头脱位可致股骨头坏死塌陷 ,股骨头塌陷与软骨下骨的生物力学特性及厚度有关 ,后两者间亦存相关关系。囊腔硬化带形成是一种代偿反应 ,但可产生应力遮挡 ,不利于囊腔闭合。     

基于HSI空间的模糊C均值彩色图像分割方法

给出了一种在HSI空间上基于模糊C均值的彩色图像分割方法．首先对每个像素根据H分量和I分量计算出4个隶属度,然后将其中的两个隶属度结合形成一个二雏特征矢量来表征像素的全部颜色特征,最后对二维矢量运用模糊C均值聚类算法得到最终的彩色图像分割结果．     

IMAGE ANALYSIS BASED ON EDGE DETECTION TECHNIQUES

IntroductionEdges are pixels where brightness changesabruptly and often used in image analysis for find-ing region boundaries.It locates sharp changes inthe intensity function.Edges detection is basic im-age features.They carry useful information aboutobject boundaries.Edges can be used for object i-dentification,image analysis and image filteringapplications as well.We shall consider as an edgethe border between two homogeneous image re-gions having different illumination.This definitionimp…     

基于DenseNet结构的轨道暗光环境实时增强算法

车载视觉系统是未来城市轨道交通安全运行的重要保障，列车在封闭环境或夜间运行时所处的弱光照环境会严重影响车载视觉系统的检测效果. 为此，提出了一种针对铁路封闭环境或夜间行车环境下低照度图像的实时视觉增强算法. 该算法以密集连接网络（densely connected network，DenseNet）结构为骨干网建立特征尺寸不变网络，提取图像光照、颜色等信息输出光照增强率图，并基于非线性映射函数调整每个像素的光照强度，通过分级结构将低照度输入图像的曝光率由低层到高层不断增强. 建立的深度学习网络模型采用自监督的方式训练网络参数，利用低照度图像自身特征和先验知识构建损失函数，其由曝光损失、色彩恒定损失及光照平滑度损失3个分量组成. 多种场景下的低照度增强实验结果显示:本文算法能够对输入图像曝光值进行自适应，对低曝光以及高曝光区域动态调整曝光率从而改善低照度图像的可视化效果，处理速度能够达到160帧/s，满足实时性处理的要求；通过在低照度增强前后的轨道分割及行人检测算法性能对比实验证明:所提出的算法能够大大提高暗光环境下的视觉检测效果，在RSDS （railroad segmentation dataset）数据集中轨道分割F值提高5%以上，在轨道场景下行人检测误检率及漏检率均有效降低.      

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脉冲耦合神经网络（PCNN）具有良好的图像分割特性,但神经网络参数的选取对分割效果有较大影响,如何自适应地选择网络参数是脉冲耦合神经网络应用研究的重要内容.本文首次从脉冲耦合神经网络的耦合特性出发,结合神经计算原理及图像局部区域的灰度特性,提出了脉冲耦合神经网络耦合参数的优化算法.首先利用Hebb学习规则对脉冲耦合神经网络模型的链接权值矩阵进行更新,然后利用图像局部区域的均方差自适应确定神经元链接强度系数,最后将优化的PCNN模型应用于运动车辆图像分割.通过耦合参数的优化,增强了神经元之间的耦合强度,与传统PCNN的车辆分割结果相比,较好地避免了过分割和欠分割现象,提高了运动车辆图像中车牌区域的分割质量,为后续车辆特征的提取奠定了良好的基础.     

基于Kittler最小误差分割算法的小视场星图分割

小视场星图易受光照不均和噪声影响，常用阈值分割算法存在处理效果不佳或效率较低的不足. 针对星图灰度的高斯分布特征，基于贝叶斯最小误差理论，提出利用Kittler最小误差分割算法处理小视场星图. 以视频测量机器人为测量平台，以 "优度法"、区域一致性、区域对比度和时间复杂度为评价指标，对比了常用的阈值分割算法和一维最大熵法，验证了Kittler算法在确保星图良好分割的同时，星图处理效率可以提高70%左右. 基于半仿真星图和真实星图的室内试验表明，Kittler算法可以准确提取星点质心坐标，水平和垂直方向均方根误差分别为0.025像素和0.019像素；采用该算法的野外天文定位实测表明，经纬度内符合平均精度分别优于0.015 s和0.22″，外符合精度分别优于0.025 s和0.35″，可以满足一等天文测量的精度要求.