VLCC在波浪中弹性响应的理论与模型试验研究

商船的大型化发展使得船长变得越来越长.这将导致大型船舶在大洋中航行时船体梁产生由于流固耦合作用引起的波激振动和砰击颤振.文章采用模型试验和理论预报方法研究了一艘VLCC在满载和压载条件下的低频和高频垂向波浪载荷响应特性.试验模型长度超过6m,采用两根非均匀截面梁来连接模型分段,并在分段处测量模型横剖面处的垂向弯矩.理论计算采用二维非线性切片理论和三维线性水弹性理论,预报结果和模型试验结果进行了比较.分析发现船体梁的波激振动易在小波高和低波浪周期下发生,尤其是船体梁的两节点垂向湿谐振频率为遭遇波浪频率整数倍的时候.波幅增大后,船体梁还将发生砰击颤振.波浪持续激励时波激振动和砰击颤振往往会耦合发生,由于船体梁小结构阻尼的影响,目前的技术手段难以从船体梁总振动中把它们分离开来.船舶的装载条件会对船体梁的振动特性尤其是波激振动产生较大的影响,研究发现压载条件下的波激振动响应要比满载条件下的严重,在已有文献中提到这种影响的机理在文中得到了模型试验和理论计算的再验证.     

波激振动和砰击颤振对大型油船疲劳强度影响研究

文章给出线性波激振动和砰击颤振引起的大型油船结构疲劳贡献度的计算方法。基于三维线性水弹性理论可计算得到包括刚体和2节点的振动模态下的垂向弯矩的传递函数,采用谱分析法对某30万吨油船进行结构疲劳强度计算,分析波激振动对船体结构疲劳损伤影响;基于二维非线性波浪载荷程序（含砰击颤振的波浪载荷）,采用时域方法对该油船进行船体梁弯矩计算,分析砰击颤振对船体梁弯矩及疲劳载荷的影响;结果表明对于该类大型油船波激振动和砰击颤振对船体的结构疲劳损伤的影响不可忽略。     

基于模型试验与三维水弹性理论的船舶波激振动响应研究

船体波激振动使得船体结构中产生高频、持续和具有一定幅值的振动应力,可能引起结构发生严重的疲劳损伤,因而对船舶结构的安全性带来严峻的挑战。文章以一艘大型LNG船为研究对象,采用三维线性水弹性理论与水池模型试验方法对船舶波激振动响应进行了比较分析,研究了规则波与不规则波中的波激振动特性。改变该LNG船的刚度,并保持船型、重量分布等其它主船体特征不变,在模型试验和理论计算中探讨了刚度对波激振动的影响。通过两种刚度船体梁的模型试验与理论计算结果的比较分析,给出了波浪周期和船体刚度的变化对波激振动影响的几点结论。     

超大型 VLCC 波激振动和砰击振动模型试验研究

船舶的波激振动和砰击振动对船舶结构的安全性有较大影响。文章以一艘超大型 VLCC 为研究对象,通过变截面梁分段模型试验方法对船舶在规则波和不规则波中波激振动和砰击振动响应进行了比较分析,介绍了船模波浪载荷试验中模型的设计原则,通过静水试验得到了船体梁垂向振动频率特性、振动阻尼和静水兴波弯矩等参数,通过规则波和不规则波试验分析了波高、波浪周期和装载状态等因素对波激振动和砰击振动的影响。该文的研究结果对大型船舶的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

船体梁刚度对波激振动影响的比较研究

船舶大型化发展的趋势使得其尺度越来越大,而结构轻量化设计的需求则使高强度钢被大量应用于其结构设计之中,相对于传统的小尺度船舶,相对刚度的下降使得船体梁变得越来越"软",这将导致大型船舶在波浪中航行时船体结构波激振动特性发生变化。采用模型试验和理论预报的方法,研究某大型工程船在不同船体梁刚度下的低频和高频垂向波浪载荷响应。分段试验模型采用2种横剖面惯性矩的钢质梁,用以分别模拟船舶横剖面原始的和变化后的刚度。采用三维水弹性理论对该船在波浪中的响应进行预报,并与模型试验结果进行比较。结果显示:小刚度的船体梁更易在波浪中发生波激振动;频繁的波激振动将导致结构发生严重的疲劳损伤问题。这种刚度变化对船体梁波激振动的影响规律表明,有必要将刚度作为大型船舶结构优化设计的重要参数之一。     

超大型矿砂船波激振动及颤振研究

为研究超大型矿砂船的波激振动和颤振现象,通过某超大型矿砂船波浪载荷和合成载荷的预报计算,并将计算结果和模型试验结果比较,给出了该船的波浪载荷特征.研究表明:波激振动是一种船体结构与波浪载荷间的共振现象,它和颤振都是船舶在波浪中运动时产生的高阶振动.一般地,波浪周期较短且波高较小时,大型船舶容易产生波激振动现象,然而,在大波高时,船体往往会由砰击引起颤振,但由于振动衰减阻尼很小,较难区分此时产生的是波激振动还是砰击振动或者是其组合.因而高阶波浪矩包含了波激和砰击颤振成分.波激振动在该类超大型船舶的总波浪载荷中占有很大的比例,且在不同航线上的影响程度也不同.研究结果对该船及同类超大型船舶的结构设计具有重要意义.     

平台运动对深水钻井隔水管非线性动力响应的影响

文章建立了波浪、海流和船体运动等载荷综合作用下的深水钻井隔水管非线性时域动力响应模型,模型考虑了顶部张力和隔水管内部泥浆对隔水管动力响应的影响,计人了张力沿隔水管长度的变化,并采用有限差分法求解了四阶偏微分运动方程.计算了随机波浪和规则波浪下船体运动对深水钻井隔水管非线性动力响应的影响,研究分析了船体平均偏移以及波频响应和低频响应的周期和幅值对深水钻井隔水管动力响应的影响.结果表明,船体运动对深水钻井隔水管动力响应有较大的影响,在随机波浪和海流作用下,考虑船体运动时,隔水管上部最大弯矩增大了59%.船体的平均偏移主要影响底部最大弯矩.船体波频运动对上部最大弯矩有较大影响,随着波频响应的周期和幅值的变化,上部最大弯矩变化较快,而低频响应的则主要影响隔水管上部弯矩.     

基于黏性流体-柔性结构耦合的波浪中船舶非线性波激振动研究

波激弹振和砰击颤振是集装箱船运营中极易出现的两种现象,分析其对船舶运动和剖面载荷的影响,对船舶设计和强度评估具有重要意义。采用黏性流体-柔性结构双向耦合方法对集装箱船模型在不同波长工况下的运动和响应进行求解,其中计算流体力学用于模拟流场的冲击和上浪等非线性现象并得到船体外载荷,然后通过有限元法求解船体运动和变形,两者在流固交界面进行隐式信息交换。计算捕捉到船体的非线性波激振动和颤振,分析结果发现,波激振动和颤振对整体运动影响较小,但会显著增大船体中垂的弯矩幅值,艏、艉区域垂向加速度受颤振的影响较大,当遭遇波浪的倍频成分接近船体湿频率时也会激发船体一定程度的弹振。与文献结果的比较表明,该耦合方法有望成为处理船舶水弹性问题的一种有效手段。     

舰船波浪弯矩响应的频率特性

非直壁式舰船在高浪级和高航速下的弯矩响应中,除了含有低频遭遇频率成分外,还存在着一定数量的遭遇频率的倍频成分及船体各谐调的垂向总振动频率成份,它们都会对舰船波浪弯矩的非线性响应产生相应的影响。如果舰船的第一谐调垂向总振动频率正好是遭遇频率的整数倍,这时弯矩的非线性响应将达到极值。本文从模型试验及理论计算两方面分析了舰船波浪弯矩的频率特性,对船体载荷响应理论的发展及设计载荷的确定具有指导意义。     

波激振动的理论预报及与实船试验结果的比较

本文研究一艘大型海船的波激振动问题。该船在运行过程中发生了频繁的波激振动，导致严重的结构裂纹。文中对四种预报船体波激振动响应的理论及其计算机程序进行了描述。这些理论在计算水动力载荷和结构振动时具有各自的特点，如：线性、二阶、非线性、频域、时域、二维和三维等。相应的程序(WASIM，SOST，SINO和VERES)对低频波浪诱导响应预报已有较多的验证。文中对各程序在波激振动预报中的前提条件作了说明。计算中进行了参数敏感性分析并给出了主要结果。在与实船试验结果的比较过程中选择了十个不同的工况，对其海况、航向和试验现象给出了简要描述。对低频波浪诱导和高频波激振动响应分别进行了比较，得出了一些有意义的结论。     

舰船摇荡运动数据采集及混沌特性分析

针对波浪中的舰船摇荡运动难以用微分方程进行描述的矛盾,提出了通过实船试验获取摇荡时历进而分析其机理的方法.详细介绍了舰船摇荡运动数据采集的设备、方法和步骤.对实测数据进行的定性分析和定量计算表明,所采集的实船摇荡时历是混沌时间序列,表明实际非规则波中的舰船摇荡运动具有混沌特性.     

船模规则波自航试验方法

阐述了船模规则波自航试验的方法、规则波中自航因子频率响应曲线的数据整理和表达方法、不规则波中收到功率的谱分析统计预报方法，并给出了不规则波中船舶的失速预报方法。     

波浪增阻计算方法对船舶航速的影响分析

失速系数（ fw）是EEDI公式的计算参数之一。文章研究了典型海况下不同的波浪增阻计算方法对船舶航速以及fw的影响。文中主要基于三种波浪增阻理论计算模型,以肥大型船为研究对象,计算分析典型海况蒲氏六级下的波浪增阻系数的分布规律以及相同收到功率下的航速和fw。结果表明：三个理论模型计算得到的fw均低于模型试验结果;Model-3高估了不规则波中的波浪增阻值;Model-1和Model-2计算得到的fw与模型试验结果较接近。     

Difference in ship motion and wave load in long and short crested irregular waves北大核心CSCD

[Objective]To investigate ship motion and load responses in realistic 3D waves and overcome the limitations of the traditional 2D wave assumption, this paper develops a method for predicting ship motion and load responses in short-crested waves. [Method]The long- and short-term responses of ship motion and load in long- and short-crested waves are numerically predicted using the spectral analysis and statistical probability methods, respectively. The influence of directional function on ship response is also numerically analyzed. Moreover, tank model tests and a large-scale model sea trial are comparatively conducted to validate the difference between ship response and statistics in long- and short-crested irregular waves. [Results]The results show that when navigating against the waves in the same sea condition, the long-crested wave assumption overestimates the statistical mean value of ship load response, but underestimates extreme load in real seas. For long-crested waves, the ship motion and acceleration power spectrum is concentrated around a certain frequency band. [Conclusion]Ship motion and load responses in realistic 3D waves are significantly different from those in 2D long-crested waves. The directional function of short-crested waves also has a significant effect on ship motion and load responses. © 2023 The Author(s).     

New insight into the wave-induced nonlinear vertical load effects of ultra-large container ships based on experiments

Accurate estimation of the wave-induced extreme hogging vertical bending moment (VBM) is of vital importance for the design of container ships because container ships are normally under hogging conditions in still water. According to the empirical formulas proposed by the classification society rules, the design hogging VBM can be approximately 20 % smaller than the design sagging VBM for vessels with small block coefficients. High-order harmonic components in the vertical load effects, which are induced by the nonlinearities in the hydrodynamic forces and ship hull geometry, contribute to the asymmetry. Previous studies have shown that the nonlinear hydrostatic and Froude–Krylov forces increase the sagging VBM significantly. Current numerical tools are able to reveal this asymmetry to a certain extent. There is, however, little focus on the nonlinear pressure under the bow bottom, which is a more likely contributor to the hogging VBM. Several unexpected phenomena have been observed for large container ships. The wave-frequency sagging and hogging VBMs followed each other closely, and hence did not reflect the significant nonlinear factors as expected. In this paper, the test data of two (8600-TEU and 13000-TEU) ultra-large containership models in both regular and irregular head waves are systematically studied. In regular waves, the influence of the second and third harmonics on the fundamental hogging peaks and sagging troughs is estimated by comparing both the amplitude and phase difference relative to the first harmonic peaks. In irregular waves, the focus is on the statistical characteristics of the wave-induced nonlinear vertical load effects. To achieve a balance between results in regular and irregular waves, the influence of the second harmonics is evaluated through bispectral analysis.     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.     

The application of modeling and prediction with MRA wavelet network

As there are lots of non-linear systems in the real engineering, it is very important to do more researches on the modeling and prediction of non-llnear systems. Based on the muhi-resolution analysis (MRA) of wavelet theory, this paper combined the wavelet theory with neural network and established a MRA wavelet network with the scaling function and wavelet function as its neurons. From the analysis in the frequency domain, the results indicated that MRA wavelet network was better than other wavelet networks in the ability of approaching to the signals. An essential research was carried out on modeling and prediction with MRA wavelet network in the non-linear system. Using the lengthwise sway data received from the experiment of ship model, a model of offline prediction was estab lished and was applied to the short-time prediction of ship motion. The simulation results indicated that the forecasting model improved the prediction precision effectively, lengthened the forecasting time and had a better prediction results than that of AR linear model. The research indicates that it is feasible to use the MRA wavelet network in the short -time prediction of ship motion.     

基于HHT的船舶非线性横摇运动响应特性研究

针对航行于海上船舶的横摇运动具有非线性非平稳的特点,探索采用希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform,简称HHT)方法研究船舶在波浪中的非线性横摇运动的响应特性,对几种不同海况下的船舶的典型运动响应,首先通过经验模态分解提取典型横摇响应信号的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF),再对分解得到的IMF分量进行Hilbert变换,求得典型横摇响应信号的Hilbert谱,通过分析所得谱图的特征,获得船舶非线性横摇运动响应的动力学特性。仿真结果表明,HHT方法在分析船舶非线性横摇运动的动力学特性研究中具有可行性和有效性,从而为船舶运动分析研究提供了一个新的方法。