航道尺度对波高分布的影响

港口建设中进港航道的开挖对于波浪的传播有重要的影响。根据物理模型试验的结果,对波浪在航道区域的传播规律进行探讨,分别阐述波浪入射角、航道水深、航道宽度对波浪传播变形的影响。当波浪小角度入射时,航道中心比波高随着传播距离的增长而减小,在两侧边滩形成较大波高带。波浪人射角度较大时,易在航道迎浪侧产生波能集中,在背浪侧波高减小。此外,航道水深增大使得在一定长度范围内航道的折射作用增强。另一方面,宽深航道对于波浪在航道边坡的折射作用较窄浅航道更为显著。根据试验,同时分析了各航道尺度对港内区域波高分布特征的影响。研究成果对港口航道工程的规划设计具有指导意义。     

不同因素对潜堤波浪传播的影响

针对波浪穿过梯形潜堤时的波浪形态沿程变化问题,以梯形潜堤为研究对象,通过二维水槽试验,研究梯形潜堤上规则波的传播特征。以比波高为参数分析不同波浪要素(波高、周期和水深等)对波浪传播变形的影响。试验结果表明,其他条件不变时,入射波高越大、波浪周期越小、堤顶淹没水深越小时,波高在潜堤上方衰减越明显。在有足够水深,且波高较小时,波浪对潜堤均有良好的穿透性;波高较大时,波浪在潜堤上部发生破碎,波浪穿过潜堤后波高衰减,此时潜堤的消波作用明显;在波浪不发生破碎情况下,较长周期波浪在潜堤顶部比波高增大,且出现双峰值。     

坡度对波浪统计特征的影响

为了明确坡度对不同波浪统计特征的影响,利用数值模型对波浪在不同坡度斜坡上的传播进行模拟,分析波浪的非线性参数和波高分布等,比较不同坡度下波浪的传播特性。结果表明,在相同条件下,随着波浪在斜坡地形上传播,波高会随着水深的变浅逐渐增大;坡度对于波浪的波高分布具有较大影响,当坡度较大时,波浪传播至斜坡较浅水深时的波高分布接近瑞利分布,当坡度逐渐减小时,相同波高的发生概率逐渐减小;而Ursell参数则不会随着坡度的变化有明显的变化。     

不规则波在斜坡地形破碎区波高分布的数值试验研究

在近岸浅水波浪分布的研究中,格鲁霍夫斯基给出适用于深水波至破碎波的整个浅水域(相对水深η>2)的波高经验分布公式,但该式在波浪发生破碎后的适用性研究欠缺。基于FLOW-3D软件对深水不规则波传播到斜坡地形上波浪发生破碎进行模拟,验证波高沿程分布与试验值的一致性,并模拟在130斜坡地形条件下波浪从有限水深传播到近岸破碎区的沿程波高分布变化。结果表明,在该坡度相对水深η<2.75情况下,格鲁霍夫斯基经验分布公式出现较大误差,不再适用;破碎区各累积率波高与平均波高的比值随相对水深变小呈递减趋势,经验公式值与之相比,总体上呈现出大波偏大、小波偏小的情况。     

基于二阶Stokes波理论的随机波浪力谱表示法研究

目前,采用随机性分析方法计算不规则波对海洋结构物作用时一般均采用Airy波理论,并未考虑波浪非线性的影响。本文基于二阶Stokes非线性波浪理论探讨了采用非线性波浪理论时随机波浪力谱的计算方法,并用一典型算例,对本文公式的计算结果与线性波理论的计算结果进行比较。计算结果表明,在水深较深时不能忽略波浪非线性的影响。     

航道开挖对波浪传播影响的试验研究

针对航道的开挖对于航道区域波浪传播变形影响较大的问题,基于波浪整体物理模型试验方法,对航道开挖后波浪在航道区域的传播规律进行研究。结果表明:航道迎浪侧最大比波高与波浪入射角度成反比,航道背浪侧的最小比波高与入射角度成正比。波浪小角度入射时,航道对波浪的折射作用较强,航道内波能衰减也较大;当波浪大角度入射时,航道对波浪的折射作用较弱,波浪穿越航道的能力较强,此时航道迎浪侧的比波高与谱峰周期成正比,航道内水深越小,航道对波浪的折射作用越强,迎浪侧的波能集中越大。     

双色波激发细长港内低频振荡的物理试验研究

通过物理试验研究双色波传入细长港池并激发港池低频振荡,合理的试验布局降低了波浪二次反射对造波机的影响问题。利用快速Fourier变换和小波变换方法分析双色波在港内的幅频响应以及波浪能量的时-频分布情况,并利用小波二阶谱分析港内波浪不同成分之间的非线性相互作用过程。结果表明:当双色波短波频率对应港池不同共振频率时,通过波浪非线性相互作用产生的二阶长波在港内响应幅值不同;短波频率对应港池较低共振频率时,波浪会在港内聚集更多的能量;二阶长波以及高次谐波与双色短波之间呈复杂的非线性能量传递过程。     

双峰谱波浪诱发细长港低频振荡的物理试验研究

针对低频波浪诱发港池振荡问题,通过物理模型试验研究了双峰谱中低频谱峰(fp1)和低频谱有效波高(Hs1)的变化对诱发细长港池低频振荡的影响。结果表明:1) fp1越接近港池第1共振频率,港内低频波浪响应越剧烈,通过fp1放大因子曲线可以准确识别港池的第1共振频率;同时Hs1的变化主要影响第1共振模态的波浪响应。2)基于平方小波二阶相关谱对港内波浪的非线性分析发现,fp1越接近港池第1共振频率或Hs1逐渐增大,港内波浪非线性相互作用均会明显增强。该研究结果对于涌浪和风浪长期共存的海域港口建设起到良好的指导作用。     

基于波浪谱的三维随机波浪数值模拟及仿真

为了进行三维随机波浪的模拟,本文将随机波浪看成多个不同余弦波的叠加,建立基于PiersonMoscowitz谱和简单方向分布函数的三维随机波浪谱数学模型。通过等分能量法、线性同余法等方法划分频率、方向角和相位角,完成波面方程的离散,最后运用Matlab软件实现三维随机波浪的仿真和波面的显示。通过仿真波高与参考波高的对比,证明本方法能够有效模拟三维随机波浪。     

波浪在珊瑚礁坪上传播的水槽试验研究

为研究波浪在珊瑚礁上的传播规律,分析波浪传至礁缘后破碎及传播情况,为设计波要素的确定提供参考依据。试验模拟了常年平均波浪和重现期50 a两种波浪条件。试验结果表明:波浪沿传播方向在礁坪边缘附近破碎后继续向坪内传播,并达到波面稳定状态,礁坪上的波浪传播特性表现为礁缘处波浪易破碎和礁坪上波浪衰减较快;波浪破碎表现为行进波破碎,且小于波浪在一般缓坡地形上的破碎指标,破碎波高水深比(Hb/d)约为0.5附近,重现期50 a大浪时礁缘处最大可达0.76。     

Experimental study on the nonlinear pressure acting on a high-speed vessel in irregular waves

The present study focuses on the nonlinear behavior of pressure on the hull surface of a high-speed vessel in irregular waves, particularly the pressure responses of alternately wet and dry areas near the waterline and on the bow zone. The vessel has high deadrise angles that may be subject to slight impact and water pile-up effects. A series of experiments in regular and irregular head waves were conducted, and the validity of applying Volterra modeling was investigated. In a previous article using experimental data in regular waves, it was confirmed that the approximate third-order Volterra model adequately simulated the variation of pressure responses in regular waves of different steepness up to a wave amplitude with a wavelength ratio of 0.01, even for the highly nonlinear pressures acting on the abovementioned areas of the hull surface. In this article, further validation for the second part of the study was obtained using experimental data in irregular waves. The frequency response functions obtained from the previous study’s experimental data in regular waves were applied to the third-order Volterra model by combining the input of irregular waves to simulate the responses in irregular waves of sea state five. Then, the spectra and statistics were analyzed. For the motions, accelerations, and pressure responses in irregular waves (as well as for the simulated time histories) variance spectra and statistics such as cumulative distributions of peak values and probability density functions were compared with the experimental results. It was confirmed that even for highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian pressures on the abovementioned areas of the hull surface, the approximate third-order Volterra model simulates the pressure responses in irregular head waves up to a sea state of five with adequate accuracy on deterministic and statistical bases.     

Effect of Sea Level Rise and Offshore Wave Height Change on Nearshore Waves and Coastal Structures

In 1994, Townend proposed a method to calculate the relative changes in various wave characteristics and structure-related parameters due to sea level rise for regular waves. The method was extended to irregular waves by Cheon and Suh in 2016. In this study, this method is further extended to include the effect of future change in offshore wave height and the sea level rise. The relative changes in wavelength, refraction coefficient, shoaling coefficient, and wave height in nearshore area are presented as functions of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height. The calculated relative changes in wave characteristics are then used to estimate the effect of sea level rise and offshore wave height change on coastal structures by calculating the relative changes in wave run-up height, overtopping discharge, crest freeboard, and armor weight of the structures. The relative changes in wave characteristics and structure-related parameters are all expressed as a function of the relative water depth for various combinations of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height.     

海平面升高和离岸波高改变对近岸波浪和海岸结构的影响（英文）

In 1994, Townend proposed a method to calculate the relative changes in various wave characteristics and structure-related parameters due to sea level rise for regular waves. The method was extended to irregular waves by Cheon and Suh in 2016. In this study, this method is further extended to include the effect of future change in offshore wave height and the sea level rise. The relative changes in wavelength, refraction coefficient, shoaling coefficient, and wave height in nearshore area are presented as functions of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height. The calculated relative changes in wave characteristics are then used to estimate the effect of sea level rise and offshore wave height change on coastal structures by calculating the relative changes in wave run-up height, overtopping discharge, crest freeboard, and armor weight of the structures. The relative changes in wave characteristics and structure-related parameters are all expressed as a function of the relative water depth for various combinations of the relative changes in water depth and offshore wave height.     

大连大窑湾港湾振荡数值模拟研究

采用Boussinesq数值波浪模型,模拟得到大窑湾不同水域的固有频率。模拟了不规则波入射时全湾水面响应状况,结果表明:谱峰周期较小的不规则波入射大窑湾港内,经过一定长的时间,波能会在局部地区发生高频到低频的传递,从而诱发局部低频波动。外海波浪入射不会导致全湾水域整体振荡,但湾底及南岸小港池易发生局部水体振荡。采用减小边界反射系数的措施,可有效降低局部水域的波动幅度。     

舰船顶浪遭遇畸形波的波浪水池数值模拟研究

畸形波对船舶航运极具威胁,已引发多起海上事故,因此有必要对舰船遭遇畸形波进行数值模拟。基于长峰波随机海浪模型,在相位调制生成畸形波的同时考虑了舰船航速的影响,可以对舰船在顶浪航行定时定点遭遇畸形波的非线性波浪环境进行建模,利用CFD生成数值波浪水池,并对畸形波生成过程中畸形参数、峰度、陡度的变化以及速度分量随深度的变化进行分析,从一定程度上反映畸形波的演化特性,并验证数值模拟的有效性。     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

用SWAN模型模拟近岸波破碎

用SWAN波浪模型模拟了波谱在近岸区的演化。在SWAN模型中用“文氏谱”作为输入谱进行数值造波,模拟了不规则波的破碎过程。通过与实验结果和其它波浪模型的计算结果的对比说明,利用“文氏谱”,SWAN模型能够正确地模拟近岸海域不规则波浪的破碎过程。     

考虑晃荡耦合船舶运动的晃荡压力算法（英文）

The effect of coupling between sloshing and ship motions in the evaluation of slosh-induced interior pressures is studied. The coupling between sloshing loads and ship motions is modelled through a hybrid algorithm which combines a potential flow solution based on transient Green function for the external ship hydrodynamics with a viscous flow solution based on a multiphase interface capturing volume of fluid(VOF) technique for the interior sloshing motion. The coupled algorithm accounts for full nonlinear slosh forces while the external forces on the hull are determined through a blended scheme of linear radiationdiffraction with nonlinear Froude-Krylov and restoring forces. Consideration of this level of nonlinearities in ship motions is found to have non-negligible effects on the slosh-coupled responses and slosh-induced loads. A scheme is devised to evaluate the statistical measure of the pressures through long-duration simulation studies in extreme irregular waves. It is found that coupling significantly influences the tank interior pressures, and the differences in the pressures between coupled and uncoupled cases can be as much as 100% or more. To determine the RAO over the frequency range needed for the simulation studies in irregular waves, two alternative schemes are proposed, both of which require far less computational time compared to the conventional method of finding RAO at each frequency, and the merits of these are discussed.