Metamodel approach for reliability-based design optimization of a steel catenary riser

A reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) methodology is presented for the design of a steel catenary riser (SCR) under dynamic environmental loads. The purpose of this work is to optimize the cost of products subjected to probabilistic constraints. Searching for the optimal design of the riser in a wide range of design variables is computationally very expensive if time-consuming codes for dynamic analysis are necessary in the iteration process. In this study, the effectiveness of the proposed RBDO using a metamodel is firstly studied and validated through a beam test, then applied to the industrial dynamic optimization problem. The design variables of structures are assumed to be uncertain, and some other parameters such as loading and material properties are considered random. The performance function is approximated using metamodels to avoid time-consuming finite-element analysis during the optimization iteration. A single-loop method is used to decouple the double-loop RBDO problem. The reliability is finally confirmed through Monte Carlo simulations. According to the analysis, the presented methodology is more rational and realistic compared with deterministic optimization.     

基于多维多项式混沌展开法的船舶不确定性优化设计

以船舶不确定性优化设计为对象,分析考虑多个随机变量对优化目标和约束的影响,提出一种基于多维多项式混沌展开法(PCE)的船舶不确定性优化设计,并将其应用于散货船工程优化实例中,保证船舶的稳健性和可靠性。     

Rule-based optimization of midship structures

A rule-based overall design methodology for midship structures of small inland waterways vessels is presented. It is shown how the designer, under conflicting requirements, can select the optimum design by using a combined objective function with priority factors assigned to individual design criteria. The concept of optimization, in large-scale structural design problems, is extended to the local members (the stiffening elements) of the ship structure, so that the stiffeners can be specified by their actual dimensions instead of section moduli. The effects of price-structure (labour rate to material price ratio) and the choice of type of stiffener on design are investigated. Standard sections and optimized fabricated sections are taken as the alternative options for selecting the stiffeners. Conversion of exact mathematical optimum solutions into production-oriented designs is also demonstrated in a series of practical applications of the proposed method.     

非轴对称球锥过渡环有限元分析及优化设计

利用大型通用软件Ansys,基于参数优化设计的思想,以过渡环及相邻球壳的最小重量为目标,同时考虑强度及稳定性的要求,对过渡环进行了参数优化,并分析了过渡环在最小重量情况下的应力分布规律,提出了参数调整的方法。     

螺旋桨流固耦合多目标优化设计

本文提出将NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法应用于螺旋桨多目标优化设计,并通过面元法和有限元法实现螺旋桨流固弱耦合.通过计算安装在Seiun-Maru(一艘日本散货船)上的HPS大侧斜螺旋桨压力系数分布和压力脉动,考虑了流固耦合效应的计算精度要高于不考虑流固耦合效应,验证了考虑流固耦合的必要性.本文以螺旋桨效率、非定常力和重量作为目标函数,在满足水动力性能、结构响应和空泡性能等约束条件下,选取描述螺旋桨外形的6个参数作为设计变量,以此建立优化函数.在不同近似最优解和非设计点为初值的算例中,其结果均改善了所有目标函数,验证了本文方法的有效性、适用性和鲁棒性.本文提出的多目标优化方法将有助于提高设计效率,节省计算资源,可成为未来螺旋桨设计的有效工具.     

抗冰海洋平台的全寿命优化设计I-理论与模型

文章基于投资—效益准则,建立了抗冰平台全寿命总费用最小的优化设计模型;考虑了多种类型的性能要求(结构、设备、人员),并建立了相关判据;提出了包括结构的初始费用、维修费用和期望损失费用的冰区海洋平台全寿命总费用评估模型;提出了平台结构主要功能的确定及描述方法、相应的功能失效损失值估计模型。     

Application of a genetic algorithm to the optimal structural design of a ship's engine room taking dynamic constraints into consideration

The genetic algorithm, known as GA, is used to optimize engine room structure, not only under static constraints, but also under dynamic constraints. A penalty function method is used to handle the complicated constraint conditions based on the numerical results of dynamic and static analyses. There are several ways to take the dynamic effect into account in the optimum design of ship structure. First, the inequality constraint condition is applied to separate the natural frequency and the exciting frequency. Second, generalized design variables are introduced in order to transfer not only the dynamic but also the static equilibrium equations into the equality constraints, resulting in the optimal structural design without the need to solve these equilibrium equations. Third, the magnitudes of the acceleration and displacement are constrained instead of applying the natural frequency constraint condition. In order to achieve better convergency in the optimization with least resources, several operators and methods are considered and then introduced into the structural design of the engine room. The new operator, called either objective elitism or fitness elitism, is introduced to improve the efficiency of the method. The effect of boundary mutation and nonuniform mutation on the performance of the GA is examined. Not only binary representation but also floating-point representation are used to express the design gene in the GA. Fuzzy theory is applied in the GA to handle the uncertainty of the constraint conditions. Two ways of solving fuzzy optimization are investigated in order to obtain a fuzzy solution and a crisp solution. Received: October 2, 2000 / Accepted: November 30, 2000     

基于有限元法的小水线面双体船结构优化

小水线面双体船结构复杂,需要有效的工具对其进行优化设计,在满足强度刚度要求的情况下控制结构重量.本文利用优化软件Altair.OptiStruct、Msc.Nastran、iSIGHT对一艘小水线面双体船结构进行了尺寸优化、形状优化、和拓扑优化.结构优化基于有限元法完成,以结构重量作为目标函数,结构应力作为约束条件.优化结果表明,通过选择适当的设计变量,能够在结构应力不超过规定上限的条件下使结构重量显著降低并达到最小值.     

基于有限元分析的自升式平台桁架腿选型优化设计

桁架腿作为自升式平台最为常见的桩腿结构型式,其拓扑型式、结构形状和构件尺寸设计对平台结构响应有重要影响。针对这一问题．笔者将有限元分析和数值优化方法有机结合,建立了复杂环境下桁架腿结构的多约束条件的优化模型,应用ANSYS优化模块进行求解。优化过程中,针对两层设计变量耦合困难的问题,分层优化方法。为验证优化模型和方法的可靠性,对某自升式平台桁架腿进行了选型优化设计。优化结果表明,本文采用的优化模型和方法简单实用,优化效果显著,为自升式平台桁架腿的概念设计提供了一种有效工具。     

基于纵弯曲强度可靠性分析的船舶中剖面优化

研究基于船舶纵弯曲强度可靠性分析的全概率方法,以通过波浪载荷直接计算软件和船舶剖面强度信息计算得到的纵弯曲强度失效概率为目标函数,以相关规范对剖面构件的尺寸要求和剖面面积上限作为约束条件,通过MATLAB建立优化模型。并结合MATLAB集成的遗传算法工具箱对船舶中剖面进行优化设计。算例结果表明在剖面面积减小了0.38%的情况下,纵弯曲强度失效概率由原来的7.22×10-5降低为1.32×10-5,表明此方法用于船舶中剖面结构优化是行之有效的。     

基于梁板结构的船舶系统可靠性分析及其优化

采用梁元和加筋板格元来模拟船舶空间结构,并建立相应的系统可靠性分析与优化模型。针对加筋板格可靠性分析中计算反向结点力向量时忽略加强筋影响而导致计算结果偏于保守的缺点,采用了完整加筋板格元的反向结点力向量和修正刚度矩阵,在此基础上采用分支限界法搜索系统主要失效模式并对其提出改进措施,保证了计算精度并提高了计算效率;运用界限搜索法求解模糊约束集的最优水平截集,进而求得系统可靠性约束下结构质量的模糊最优解,并与确定性优化设计结果对比,结果显示模糊优化模型具有更好的经济效益,可供工程借鉴使用。     

多学科设计优化:载人潜水器设计的一种新工具

多学科优化作为一种新的设计方法,已经成功地应用在很多领域,如飞机制造,太空船,汽车制造等.传统的载人潜水器设计并不是一种最优的设计方法,并且在载人潜水器的设计过程中所要涉及多种技术学科.将多学科优化方法引进载人潜水器的设计,从而可以实现真正的设计优化.本文介绍了多学科优化的基本理论和方法,整体构架,并介绍了探索设计空间的算法.在对多学科优化设计方法理解的基础上,提出了在载人潜水器设计中如何应用的初步考虑.     

Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water

A computational method for improving hull form in shallow water with respect to wave resistance is presented. The method involves coupling ideas from two distinct research fields: numerical ship hydrodynamics and nonlinear programming techniques. The wave resistance is estimated by means of Morinos panel method, which is extended to free surface flow and considers the influence of finite depth on the wave resistance of ships. This is linked to the optimization procedure of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique, and an optimum hull form can be obtained through a series of iterations giving some design constraints. Sinkage is an important factor in shallow water, and this method considers sinkage as a hydrodynamic design constraint. The optimization procedure developed is demonstrated by selecting a Wigley (C _B = 0.444) hull and the Series 60 (C _B = 0.60) hull, and new hull forms are obtained at Froude number 0.316. The Froude number specified corresponds to a lower than critical speed since most of the ships operating in shallow water move below their critical speed. The numerical results of the optimization procedure indicate that the optimized hull forms yields a reduction in wave resistance.     

工程结构的拓扑优化设计研究

本文讨论了连续体结构拓扑优化的均匀化方法及其相关理论，分别针对静力问题和特征值问题建立了相应的结构拓扑优化模型。目前有关结构拓扑优化的工程应用研究还很不成熟，尤其在国内尚尾于起步阶段。本文将结构拓扑优化设计理论应用于实际工程结构的概念设计之中，并取得了较好的优化效果。通过对经典算例和某卫星构架子结构的拓扑优化计算，表明本文建立的结构拓扑优化模型能够有效地应用于工程结构的拓扑优化设计，从而为工程结构的结构型式选取提供了有价值的概念设计方案。     

气垫船用复合材料空气导管结构布局和优化设计

根据空气导管的结构特点,考虑复合材料设计和制造一体化的特性,结合复合材料结构力学基本原理,提出一种可行的气垫船（Air-Cushion Vessel,ACV）用复合材料空气导管结构布局和优化设计方案。基于多约束目标优化对空气导管、内部加强结构的构型及尺寸等进行总体布局设计和优化,并利用有限元分析方法对导管结构进行极限过载的等效分析。计算结果表明,该复合材料空气导管结构在极限过载工况条件下可保持正常运行,满足结构整体的强度和刚度要求。     

舰船高传递损失复合托板振动特性优化设计

基于结构动力学优化设计理论,研究了潜艇典型舱段双层圆柱壳舷间高传递损失复合托板结构。通过初步优化,得到隔振效果最优的刚性阻振质量块的最优截面尺寸和布设位置,并将最优参数的刚性阻振质量块等效为相同截面惯性矩的球扁钢。在满足舱段总重量及危险截面结构强度的约束条件下,以舱段非耐压壳体全频域内的平均振动加速度级为目标函数,对高传递损失复合托板的开孔半径和托板角度进行动力学优化设计,得到最优振动特性的复合托板形式。由优化结果得到,在中、高频段内,高传递损失复合托板有明显的降噪作用,舱段非耐压壳体全频域内的平均振动加速度级降低了1.66 dB。     

基于Kriging模型的深潜器多球交接耐压壳结构优化

基于Kriging模型对深潜多球交接耐压壳进行了结构优化研究.通过试验设计选取样本点,采用非线性有限元方法计算样本的极限强度,建立了Kriging模型,针对不同工作深度的耐压壳进行结构优化.研究结果表明,Kriging模型具有较高的精度,并且克服了优化算法与非线性有限元模型直接结合所带来的计算量巨大且难以得到正确的梯度信息的困难,是求解深潜多球交接耐压壳结构优化问题的有效途径.     

Vectorization and constraint grouping to enhance optimization of marine structures

Vectorization converts classical scalar optimization formulation, which strictly separates the objective from constraints, into a vector-based optimization, transforming constraints into objectives. Effectively, the search is not conducted anymore for a single optimum, but for a set of Pareto optima between the original objective and transformed constraints. Constraint grouping enhances handling of multiple constraints for vectorized problems, by combining several constraints within a single-objective function, thus reducing the computational time and computational difficulties of high-dimensional spaces created by vectorization. This paper formulates and investigates these two concepts with respect to design of marine structures. It analyses their effects on the possibility to improve the flexibility of optimization in a practical environment, by implementing them within a simple genetic algorithm. Obtained results of vectorization applied to realistic weight optimization problem are encouraging when compared with the results of the classical scalar form optimization, showing a significant improvement in magnitude as well as in reduced computation time needed to reach the optimum.     

柴油发电机组公共底座的设计优化

按照技术要求,结合三维建模仿真软件对柴油发电机组公共底座进行设计。为避免与发电机组基频发生模态共振,在设计过程中需避开基频频率。根据设计模型,在总体尺寸及重量双重约束下,采用传统优化设计方法。先从降低模态频率的方法进行了设计优化,经过技术评审,根据专家意见,按提高模态频率的思路进行重新设计。进而总结出一套优化设计的方法与思路,为后续设计工作提供有利的帮助。     

响应面法在引桥式接岸结构可靠度分析中的应用

结合天津港地区以淤泥质为主的工程地质条件,构建引桥式接岸结构的ANSYS有限元数值模型。根据PDS模块抽样结果建立基于桩基承载力、胸墙一引桥连接点强度和结构位移等3种失效模式下的响应面方程,计算各随机变量影响结构可靠度的灵敏度和不同失效模式下接岸结构的可靠度,提出可供接岸结构优化设计参考的相关建议。