我国远洋渔业装备技术现状及研究进展

远洋渔业是我国海洋渔业的重要组成部分,远洋渔船的装备水平、技术含量是一个国家远洋渔业发展水平的集中体现。介绍了目前我国远洋渔业几种主要渔船装备的发展过程和现状,对比国外先进渔业装备自动化、信息化和专业化的特点,分析世界渔业装备科技发展趋势。从渔业船舶设计、捕捞装备和助渔仪器研发等方面重点梳理了“十二·五”以来我国渔业装备研究进展和存在的差距。围绕我国现代渔业建设发展要求,对我国远洋渔船装备发展趋势进行了探讨,指出远洋渔业装备发展的重点方向,为我国远洋渔业相关发展提供参考。     

我国海洋渔业装备亟待升级

海洋渔业装备作为渔业生产的重要载体．是渔业和船舶科技发展水平的集中体现。我国是世界第一渔业大国也是第一渔船大国,但渔业装备整体水平落后。这不仅严重影响我国海洋渔业的发展,也使我国的海洋权益受到威胁。对此,业内专家强烈呼吁．大力发展远洋渔业是解决我国资源日益短缺、保障我国可持续发展的重要战略措施。     

渔船船东:CCS为我们保驾护航

<正>如何打造一支高质量渔船船队,紧跟和引领国际渔业和渔船发展步伐,是中国渔业界直面的问题。渔检转隶,中国开启了打造高质量渔船船队的新征程。中国是世界第一渔业大国,远洋渔船船队作业范围涉及42个国家和地区管辖海域,以及太平洋、印度洋、大西洋公海和南极海域。为适应国际远洋渔业发展趋势,国家于2018年及时做出推进船检体制改革的重大战略决策,为我国建设专业化、标准化、现代化远洋渔船船队开启了新征程。     

全面提升海洋渔船装备 促海洋渔业可持续发展

海洋渔船装备作为渔业生产的重要载体,是生产力发展水平的重要标志,也是渔业和船舶科技发展水平的集中体现。我国是世界渔业大国,改革开放以来渔业经济快速发展,水产品总量连续21年居世界第一。但我国渔船装备整体水平落后,安全、环保隐患日益突显。随着我国社会经济的发展、需求的增加以及国际安全环保要求的增强,全面提升海洋渔船装备成为我国海洋渔业可持续发展的重     

发展我国植物油船船队的难点及对策

从我国植物油进口的刚性需求、植物油船短缺影响运输发展及国家食用油安全角度阐述我国发展植物油船船队的必要性，指出发展植物油船船队的难点，提出发展我国植物油船船队对策：（1）加强货源控制；（2）与国有化学品航运企业合作，打造精品航线；（3）进行技术创新，建造专用植物油船.     

深远海智能养殖平台最新发展

海洋养殖在我国渔业经济中的地位在不断提升,大力发展海洋牧场及其装备产业已成为我国海洋渔业发展的重要战略选择。随着我国人口数量的增加和生活水平的提高,对水产品的需求将会越来越大。据估计,到2030年,将会出现2000万吨水产品的缺口需要弥补,而水产品产量的增量将主要依托海洋渔业来实现。     

我国液体化学品船船队发展趋势及对策

对世界液体化学品船船队的现状进行总结,分析其年轻化、大型化的发展趋势,简要介绍我国液体化学品船船队现状,并提出整合码头配套设施、提高船舶在港效率、组建液体化学品船船队、打造液体化学品运输精品航线等我国液体化学品船运输发展对策。     

某海事艇船舶信息化综合系统的设计

针对某些船舶信息化系统只停留在机舱信息自动化采集功能,而缺少船舶之间的调度、船队之间的协同工作等问题,以某海事艇为研究对象,设计一种信息化、自动化程度较高的船舶管理系统。该系统运用计算机网络、数据库、现代通信、多媒体等技术建立了高效畅通的通信链路,系统管理全船的数据、资料和信息。实船应用证明:该系统实现了现场指挥调度、监控、设备故障现场指导维修等活动,提高了船东管理效率。     

<十五>顶推船队设计

<正> 15.1 船队总体设计15.1.1 船队长度船队平面尺度的选择除了满足载量、航速等要求外,同时受到航道宽度、弯道半径、船闸尺度的约束。船队长度的选取往往取决于航道曲率半径,但各个国家的技术水平不同,船队长度与曲率半径之比也不同,根据实船统计,美国顶推船队长度与航道曲率半径之比约为1,西德约为1/2,苏联则为1/3左右。我国目前船     

10万吨级深远海养殖平台总体技术研究

深远海海域具有水质优良、远离陆源性污染与病害等特点,适合开展深远海养殖。本文围绕深远海养殖的技术需求,开展深远海养殖平台总布置研究、关键参数选取、航速选择、稳性校核和新能源利用等总体技术研究,形成集规模化养殖、繁育、加工及渔船补给、物流等功能的10万吨级深远海养殖平台总体技术方案。文中还介绍了深蓝渔业航母船队的构建理念,梳理了深远海养殖平台的功能区划,论证了该项目的各项关键指标,其结果满足设计及相应规则的要求。该项目紧扣海洋强国战略,以绿色高效的工业化养殖新模式实现深远海养殖装备跨越式发展,对我国深远海养殖平台建设具有重大的参考价值,并将对去船舶工业过剩产能、提升深远海养殖装备水平产生深远影响。     

我国船舶辅机信息化技术发展概况

从船舶对辅机的信息化需求出发,分析船舶辅机设备信息化现状及其存在的问题,按辅机设备信息化水平将辅机分为功能型、自动化型和信息化型等3个层级,结合智能船舶和船舶辅机智能化对辅机信息化的要求,探讨辅机信息化发展方向。分析结论对我国船舶辅机及智能船舶的技术发展有一定指导意义。     

Local Level Fisheries Management in Diani-Chale,Kenya: Current Status and Future Directions

The current regime of fisheries management and the prospects for attaining a more locally oriented, collaborative system of fisheries management in Diani-Chale, Kenya are examined. At present fisheries management in Diani-Chale is characterized by diminished government capacity for regulation, weakened local institutions, and little ability to exert control over the use of fisheries. Local level management requires the development and use of local institutions that can govern the use of fishery resources. The fish landing sites used by fishers and their associated fishing grounds were identified to be at the appropriate level for resolving fishery management issues. A more formal role for these entities, the clarification of fishing ground tenure and access rights, and support for the development and enforcement of local fishing rules can further local management. The socioeconomic condition of fishers, their fear of losing landing sites, and the continued perception of the imposition of a marine reserve pose barriers to initiatives seeking to further local level management.     

氢能源产业技术标准化发展现况

氢能作为一种高效、清洁、可持续利用的二次能源被认为是构建未来以可再生能源为主的多元能源结构的重要载体,以其开发和利用技术为主逐渐形成全球化氢能产业规模,氢能产业技术发展离不开氢能技术标准的推动和支撑,纵观国内外氢能技术标准化的发展及现况,我国氢能技术与国外还存在很大的差距,在液氢制取与储运、船用氢能燃料电池动力系统、加氢站关键设备及部件等技术方面需要加大科研投入,预研相关技术标准,提前谋划布局,以标准引领我国氢能技术及产业快速、高质量发展。     

基于多元回归方法的海洋执法船主尺度分析

为分析海洋执法船主尺度之间的变化规律,对海洋执法船的发展趋势进行了介绍,并对其相关船型数据资料进行整理分析。采用多元回归的数学方法,建立了基于多变量的海洋执法船主尺度数学模型,有利于对海洋执法船主尺度的变化规律进行分析与掌握,为海洋执法船的报价设计与初步设计提供一定的科学依据。     

轮机自动化的发展现状及特征

介绍现代船舶轮机自动化的最新技术特征,探讨设备自动化、维修自动化和管理自动化中的PLC技术、计算机控制技术,提出在创建具有我国自主知识产权和品牌的轮机自动化过程中,要借鉴国际先进水平,充分利用国内企业和院校资源。     

U.S. Fishery Management Councils as Ecosystem-Based Management Policy Takers and Policymakers

The United States has a new national ocean policy that adopts ecosystem-based management (EBM) as its first principle for managing U.S. ocean spaces and marine resources. However, U.S. laws that govern the uses of ocean spaces present a challenging tangle of authorities and mandates that do not easily facilitate ecosystem-based policies. For over 30 years, U.S. marine fisheries management has been guided by eight Regional Fishery Management Councils. Working under the many laws that guide setting stewardship priorities for ocean ecosystems, councils provide the Federal Government with advice on fisheries harvest levels, fish habitat protections, and fishing community needs. Implementing EBM for any ocean ecosystem requires a careful examination of the laws and policy processes that affect human interaction with that ecosystem. This article explores the U.S. perspective on federal ecosystem-based fisheries management, its part in U.S. national ocean policy, and how fishery management councils might position themselves as both EBM policymakers and policy takers for ocean resource management.     

南极磷虾捕捞加工船及装备发展现状和趋势

基于国内外南极磷虾产业的发展现状,不论是保证捕捞产量还是提高船载加工产品质量,提升南极磷虾捕捞加工船舶及装备的现代化水平是南极磷虾产业发展的必由之路。作为南极磷虾捕捞、加工的平台,专业南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型的升级换代必然会影响到我国南极磷虾产业的发展及在国际上的竞争力,因此有必要对我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船及配备的捕捞系统、加工工艺等的发展趋势进行探讨和分析。研究挪威南极磷虾产业发展路径不难得出,南极磷虾捕捞加工船的"极地化、专业化、大型化、绿色化"是必然趋势,而这种趋势也应是我国南极磷虾捕捞加工船船型及相关系统、工艺发展的主要方向。     

Predicting Stakeholder Support for Fishery Policies

Fisheries management has been used to address declining fisheries and threats to livelihood and food security. Past research suggests that public support for fishery policies is a necessary component for sustaining the long-term success of fisheries management. This study predicted public support by examining fishers’ perspectives on co-management and fish catch since the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs), a commonly employed fisheries management tool. Data were obtained from onsite surveys (n = 505) with fishers from three municipalities in Cebu, Philippines: Oslob, Santander, and Samboan. Structural path analyses revealed that beliefs about co-management and fish catch predicted support for fishery policies (R² = 59%). Separate path analyses for each municipality showed that co-management had greater influence in predicting public support for fishery policies in Oslob and Santander. Fish catch was a better predictor for public support for fishery policies in Samboan. Results can help local governments, non-governmental organizations, and fishery managers to prioritize, plan, and improve fisheries management in municipal waters.     

Fishermen’s training and use of safety equipment: A case-study of the Artisanal Fleet of Andalusia

This article is intended as a contribution to safety and health in small-scale/artisanal fishing in the autonomous region of Andalusia, Spain. Training is examined as a key element for reducing risks and therefore the serious number of accidents that occur in the fishery work sector as one of those that is statistically reflected as such and discusses the international and Spanish regulations. The case study focuses on the use of safety equipment in this fishing fleet and highlights the improper use of safety equipment and lack of a health and safety culture. Training is examined as a key element in promoting health and safety awareness in this group.