锚链预张力对FDPSO运动响应的影响

作为一种综合性浮式平台,浮式钻井生产储油船简称FDPSO,具备石油钻探、生产、储备等功能,是在浮式生产储油船的基础上发展而来。FDPSO主要工作于海况比较恶劣的深水海域,因而如何准确预报FDPSO的运动响应和锚链的预张力非常必要。本文基于时域耦合方法对FDPSO运动响应和锚链的预张力进行预报,在此基础上将数值结果与试验结果进行对比以验证理论计算的可靠性。通过改变锚链线的预张力来研究预张力对FDPSO运动响应的影响。文中提供了运动响应的时历曲线和响应谱,并对比分析其中的异同,结果表明锚链预张力对纵荡、横荡和横摇运动的响应影响比较大。     

月池参数对船型FDPSO水动力特性的影响研究

浮式钻井生产储油轮是深水油气开发的主要装备之一,文中考虑2种典型月池形状(方形和圆形)和不同月池尺寸,采用Sesam软件对不同月池参数时FDPSO的水动力性能和系泊系统张力特性开展了计算和对比分析,介绍了深水FDPSO船型主要尺度以及锚链、立管主要参数,在频域内对运动响应幅值算子RAO、附加质量、阻尼、平均波浪漂移力进行了计算,在此基础上选择生存工况,对不同月池参数时的六自由度运动响应的最大值、最小值及平均值进行了统计分析.研究发现:大尺寸月池对运动响应幅值算子RAO、附加质量和阻尼影响较大;船体旋转运动较平移运动受月池影响明显;锚链受力随月池尺寸的变大而增加.文中的研究可为深水FDPSO月池设计提供一定的借鉴和参考.     

浮式生产储油船锚泊定位性能计算

应用计算锚链的悬链线方程和计算船舶运动的格林函数方法的耦合数值方法，对一锚泊的浮式生产储油船进行了定位性能计算，给出了自由状态与锚泊状态系统的运动响应特性的对比、不同状态与工况的锚泊浮体的运动性能参数以及锚链承受的张力等计算结果。研究成果可以为浮式生产储油船锚泊系统设计、校核计算和锚泊系统形式与参数优化提供初步计算结果以及用于设计方案的比较。     

近岛礁浮式平台水动力及运动响应特性研究

根据某近岛礁地形实测数据,基于Solidworks软件完成海底地形和浮式平台的三维建模,建立近岛礁浮式平台三维水动力学模型;开展浮式平台的水动力计算及系泊模式下浮式平台波浪中的运动响应预报,给出了浮式平台的传递函数、系泊缆张力和运动响应;分析了入射波角度、周期及岛礁地形对浮式平台水动力、系泊缆张力分布和运动响应的影响.将数值计算结果与模型试验值进行对比,两者吻合较好,对近岛礁海上浮式结构物的设计有参考价值.     

多点系泊定位FDPSO船体水动力性能数值模拟和模型试验研究(英文)

由于中国南海海域海况十分恶劣,浮式钻井生产储油轮(FDPSO,Floating,Drilling,Production,Storage and Offloading vessel)定位方式的研究是海洋工程界值得关注的课题。文章采用数值模拟和模型试验的方法对多点系泊FDPSO水动力性能开展研究。数值模拟包括FDPSO船体频域水动力性能计算和船体/锚链时域耦合分析。船体频域水动力性能计算得到了水动力系数,波浪力和运动幅值响应算子;时域耦合数值分析得到了中国南海海域一年一遇海况和百年一遇海况下船体六自由度运动时历。模型试验在上海交通大学海洋工程深水池开展,包括静水衰减试验,白噪声试验和不规则波试验。对数值计算结果和模型试验结果进行了比较,验证了数值结果的准确性,并对多点系泊FDPSO在中国南海海域的水动力性能进行了研究。     

超大型浮体单模块在浅水斜底系泊下的动态响应

岛礁附近的海域通常水深极浅且海底为斜坡,在这类海域中,浮式结构物对环境载荷的动态响应与其在深水中的表现会有较大差别。本文研究超大型浮体的单模块在浅水斜底海域中对风浪载荷的动态响应,分别通过Orca Flex数值计算和模型试验得到了单模块横荡和横摇运动的时历及统计数据以及锚链张力的统计结果。结果显示定常风对单模块运动的稳定性以及锚链的最大张力影响较小,而波浪载荷对单模块运动及锚链最大张力都有显著的影响。     

浮式钻井生产储卸装置运动性能分析

首先介绍了浮式钻井生产储卸装置(FDPSO)设有月池开口的船型特点,为评估月池开口对FDPSO船体运动性能的影响,设计了不同月池尺寸的方案。采用三维势流理论对不同月池尺寸方案水动力性能进行计算,得到FDPSO船体运动传递函数,总结FDPSO船体横摇和垂荡运动响应随月池尺寸变化的规律,并确定合理的目标FDPSO方案。最后对目标FDPSO方案进行运动性能实例分析,评估目标FDPSO方案的耐波性。     

半潜型浮式风机运动特征及系泊系统的研究

近年来海上浮式风机的研究备受关注,安全可靠的系泊系统将保证风机在风、浪、流等复杂环境荷载作用下稳定运行,准确合理地描述风机运动将为评估风机发电效率提供支持。以半潜型浮式风机的系泊系统为研究对象,基于经典悬链线理论,采用准静态分析法提出一套系泊系统的设计方法。通过坐标变换,得到风轮真实的俯仰运动用于计算风机的动力效应及评定其发电效率。采用动力法分析了系泊系统锚链的导缆孔位置、预张力大小、锚链间夹角等参数对风机系统发电效率、浮式平台运动性能和系泊锚链张力的影响,得到了浮式平台迎风面俯仰倾角、水平偏移及锚链张力随参数的变化规律,为半潜型浮式风机系泊系统的设计提供了参考。     

不同水深和锚链布置形式下的浮式储油罐动力响应数值模拟

随着海洋工程的飞速发展,针对溢油回收的浮式储油罐的应用和分析越来越受到重视.浮式储油罐在不同水深下的锚链布置形式对其运动和动力响应的影响是设计者们尤为关心的问题.文中首先对一浅水(水深=28 m)工况下的3种锚链布置形式的浮式储油罐动力响应进行了数值模拟,然后对更大水深(水深=60,100 m)的不同锚链布置形式分别进行了响应的数值模拟,对计算结果做了分析,并对未来的浮式储油罐系泊形式设计提出了建议.文中采用自主开发的、基于RANS方程的粘性流体求解器naoe-FOAM-SJTU并利用集中质量法求解锚链力.     

岛礁地形影响下多体浮桥的水动力性能研究

基于AQWA软件,对岛礁地形下带系泊系统的多浮箱浮式栈桥进行了运动响应的数值模拟,并与带岛礁地形模型试验的响应幅值算子(RAO)进行了对比分析,为浮式栈桥在实际海洋环境中的施工和运营安全等作准确预报.研究结果表明,基于AQWA软件,文中数值方法可有效模拟岛礁对多浮体的绕射和辐射等干扰;由于海底地形变化的影响,波浪将发生折射、绕射、反射等一系列的复杂变化,同时海底倾斜会对系泊缆绳张力造成影响,从而会影响浮桥的运动响应.数值模拟岛礁地形影响下多体浮桥的运动响应结果与水池试验得到的数值对比吻合良好.     

新型多筒式FDPSO概念设计及其系泊系统分析

为研究新型多筒式浮式钻井生产储卸油轮（FDPSO）的系泊系统及其动力响应特性,评估其系泊系统的疲劳性能,针对新型FDPSO的总体布置,以中国南海1 000 m水深为背景,设计新型储油装置的系泊系统,研究系泊点和导缆孔、系泊缆布置及系缆的结构形式。考虑腐蚀和南海风浪条件,计算系泊系统的动态响应,校核系泊系统的强度,计算系泊状态FDPSO的运动响应和系缆张力。考虑南海西沙波浪分布,采用S-N曲线以及Miner线性累计损伤理论,并采用雨流计数方法,对系泊系统进行疲劳分析。结果表明,设计的多筒式FDPSO的系泊系统能够满足作业定位的要求,可以抵御百年一遇的风浪作用,疲劳寿命大于设计寿命的3倍。     

西非海域FPSO多点系泊系统的疲劳寿命分析

文章首先采用三维频域理论分析西非海域FPSO的水动力性能,得到船体各自由度的运动响应,慢漂载荷,附加质量和势流阻尼等;随后,利用分块法将波浪散点图离散为若干个海况,基于准动态方法对多点系泊系统进行分析,得到各海况下船体的漂移和各系泊缆的张力;最后,结合前两步的计算结果,采用T-N曲线,雨流计数和Miner线性累计损伤理论对系泊缆的疲劳寿命进行预报。研究结果表明,各系泊缆的疲劳寿命沿长度方向的分布趋势基本一致,锚链顶端和触底部分的疲劳寿命较短。此外,西非海域的涌浪对系泊缆的疲劳损伤较大,系泊设计时应予以重点关注。     

Investigation of heave response of the deepwater octagonal FDPSO using various heave plate configurations

Heave plates can be employed to control undesirable heave motion amplitudes of the deepwater octagonal Floating, Drilling, Production, Storage, and Offloading (FDPSO) platform. Numerical simulations and model tests were applied to analyze and investigate the hydrodynamic response and the feasibility of the heave plate configurations. The diameter and the depth below the free surface of a single-layer heave plate, as well as the spacing of two-layer heave plates, were considered as the primary variables when studying the effect of heave plates on FDPSO hydrodynamics. The analysis results indicate that the heave plate diameter significantly affects the heave hydrodynamics, and heave performance could be improved with an increased diameter. In addition, increasing the depth below the free surface of a single-layer heave plate does not effectively suppress the heave motion within the range of draft depths tested. The target FDPSO obtained better heave characteristics with increased spacing between the two-layer heave plates. Furthermore, the global performances of the octagonal FDPSO with these typical heave plate configurations were comparatively analyzed. The results indicate that from a hydrodynamic point of view, the single-layer heave plate configuration has an advantage over the two-layer heave plate configuration.     

FPSO与油轮串靠外输时的系泊时域分析

Problems experienced during Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) tandem offloading operations were investigated. The aim of this research was to improve the reliability of such systems, and it needed a means to assess them. Time-domain simulation and analysis of offloading systems was performed using the multi-body mooring software ARIANE 7.0. Hydrodynamic interaction between the vessels was considered. The responses of the offloading system in different loading cases, different parameters of offloading hawsers and the effects of challenging environmental conditions were calculated. There was a focus on the problems of relative motion between the two bodies and its effects on the intensity of hawser forces. Minimum relative distance, maximum relative headings and maximum tension in the hawsers of offloading systems were obtained by time-domain analysis. The time-domain analysis was effective and comparative study can be used to optimize parameters of the system and extend operating limits.     

Extreme hawser tension assessment for FPSO vessel during offloading operation in Bohai bay

The Floating Production Storage and Offloading Unit (FPSO) is an offshore vessel that produces and stores crude oil prior to tanker transport.Robust prediction of extreme hawser tensions during Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) operation is an important safety concern. Excessive hawser tension may occur during offloading operations, posing an operational risk. In this paper, AQWA has been used to analyze vessel response due to hydrodynamic wave loads, acting on a specific FPSO vessel under actual sea conditions. Experimental validation of numerical results has been discussed as well.This paper advocates methodology for estimating extreme response statistics, based on simulations (or measurements). The modified ACER (averaged conditional exceedance rate) method is presented in brief detail. Proposed methodology provides an accurate extreme value prediction, utilizing all available data efficiently. In this study the estimated return level values, obtained by ACER method, are compared to the corresponding return level values obtained by Gumbel method. Based on the overall performance of the proposed method, it is concluded that the improved ACER method can provide more robust and accurate prediction of the extreme hawser tension.Data declustering issue has been addressed. Paper highlights ability of ACER method to account for a set of varying sea state probabilities, as required in engineering long term statistical analysis.Described approach may be well used at the vessel design stage, while defining optimal vessel parameters that would minimize potential FPSO hawser tension.     

液舱晃荡与FPSO波浪运动相互耦合时域分析

浮式生产储油轮（FPSO）长期在外海作业,其液舱晃荡现象始终存在。文中对船体外流场采用非线性势流理论,对液舱内流场采用线性势流理论,应用脉冲响应函数法,基于法国船级社（BV）的综合性水动力分析软件HOMER,计算了FPSO在考虑液舱晃荡作用下的时域运动响应,并对晃荡压强进行对比分析。结果表明：液舱晃荡对FPSO运动具有一定的影响,且该影响在迎浪船舷的运动上更为明显,同时迎浪船舷液舱晃荡产生的压强也更大。     

30万吨FPSO单点系泊系统整体吊装技术研究

FPSO是集油气处理加工、发电、供热、原油产品的储存和外输、人员居住和生产功能于一体的浮式生产储油装置.FPSO通过特殊的系泊系统长期系泊在海上,20年不解脱,能抵御百年一遇的环境条件.通过有限元技术对渤海二期蓬莱19-3油田30万吨FPSO单点系泊系统进行整体吊装仿真分析,从而确定整体吊装方案,实现该特殊结构一次性吊装就位.     

Nonstationary response of floating structures to random waves

Even if ocean waves are treated as a stationary random process, dynamic responses of floating structures to random waves at the transient state are always nonstationary. When nonstationary response statistics is desired, a common technique is to apply Monte Carlo simulations; however, its implementation is costly in computational time. Analytically, this article develops an efficient method for computing nonstationary response statistics, including evolutionary power spectrum and time-varying mean-square values. Assuming a hydrodynamic software has been employed to get various frequency response functions, a prerequisite of the proposed method is to get the elevation-to-motion transfer function formulated in its pole-residue form. The proposed method is applicable to arbitrary wave spectrum and has been based on pole-residue operations implemented in the Laplace domain to obtain closed-form solutions for the response evolutionary power spectrum. Numerical examples choose a single-degree-of-freedom Spar model and a six-degree-of-freedom Floating Production Storage and Offloading model to a Pierson–Moskowitz wave spectrum, and the correctness of the computed mean-square values is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

Real-time estimation of riser's deformed shape using inclinometers and Extended Kalman Filter

The real-time monitoring of underwater risers, cables, and mooring lines by multiple sensors is in great demand but still very challenging. In this study, a new real-time riser monitoring method based on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed. It estimates the overall shape of riser in real-time utilizing the measured signals from multiple bi-axial (inclination and heading) inclinometers along the riser. The novel EKF algorithm is shown to be robust against sensor noises and successfully reproduces the actual riser profiles at each time step, which has been verified by multiple tests through numerical simulations. For verification, a turret-moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) with a SCR (Steel Catenary Riser) is employed in four different random waves and currents. Subsequent algorithms are also developed so that the corresponding bending and axial stresses along the riser can also be estimated in real time from the obtained riser shape, which can further be used for the real-time estimation of fatigue-damage accumulation.     

内转塔式单点系泊系统敏感性研究

本文以我国南海某条FPSO的内转塔式单点系泊系统为例,研究内转塔式单点系泊的不同参数对于FPSO的运动和系泊张力的影响,确定单点系泊系统不同参数的敏感性.本文从系泊系统材料、系泊系统重量以及系泊缆预张力3个方面考虑其对系泊系统受力及FPSO的运动等设计参数进行敏感性分析.通过分析确定了FPSO的运动和单点系泊系统的动力响应对于系泊系统不同参数的敏感程度.