潜艇水面与水下粘性绕流数值模拟

本文采用求解RANS方程的方法结合四种湍流模型,对于带有不同附体的SUBOFF模型尾流场进行了数值模拟。数值预报的桨盘面处不同半径上的轴向无量纲速度与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明湍流模型在数值模拟中起到重要作用。潜艇水面航行性能十分重要,因而对于潜艇自由液面绕流的数值模拟备受关注。本文采用VOF方法对于两条潜艇模型在不同傅汝德数下的自由液面绕流进行了数值模拟。计算得到的阻力、波形与试验结果吻合较好。文中也探讨了潜艇自由液面绕流的一般特性。并验证了用CFD手段预报潜艇粘性流场的能力。     

基于有限元模型的船用螺旋桨桨叶应力分析

采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)软件建立静止域(舵、导管及船体)和旋转域(螺旋桨)的三维几何模型,在螺旋桨流场内求解雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations,RANS),由此对船用螺旋桨产生的推力和转矩特性进行数值模拟。对比分析在压载工况和满载工况下螺旋桨桨叶的压力分布、沿不同轴的受力情况和绕不同轴的转矩情况,为轴系弹性校中提供更加准确可靠的应力情况,对船用螺旋桨的生产设计提供有益的参考。     

基于CFD方法的6500TEU集装箱船舵空泡腐蚀数值模拟研究

舵的空泡腐蚀研究在船型优化设计和新船型开发中具有重要意义。文章以6 500 TEU集装箱船的NACA0021舵为研究对象,通过对船、桨、舵整体三维建模,运用CFD方法在3D计算域下对舵的非定常空化现象进行数值模拟,得到了与试验比较一致的结果。同时还对改善舵空蚀现象的措施进行了分析。研究表明,通过整体建模的数值模拟方法对舵空泡性能进行预测研究,其结果是合理可信的。     

Numerical analysis of cavitating propeller and pressure fluctuation on ship stern using a simple surface panel method “SQCM”

This paper presents a calculation method for the pressure fluctuation induced by a cavitating propeller. This method consists of two steps: the first step is the calculation of propeller sheet cavitation, and the second step is the calculation of pressure fluctuation on the ship stern. It is for practicality that we divide the method into two steps but do not calculate these steps simultaneously. This method is based on a simple surface panel method “SQCM” which satisfies the Kutta condition easily. The SQCM consists of Hess and Smith type source panels on the propeller or cavity surface and discrete vortices on the camber surface according to Lan’s QCM (quasi-continuous vortex lattice method). In the first step, the cavity shape is solved by the boundary condition based on the free streamline theory. In order to get the accurate cavity shape near the tip of the propeller blade, the cross flow component is taken into consideration on the boundary condition. In the second step, we calculate the cavitating propeller and the hull surface flow simultaneously so as to calculate the pressure fluctuation including the interaction between the propeller and the hull. At that time, the cavity shape is changed at each time step using the calculated cavity shape gotten by the first step. Qualitative agreements are obtained between the calculated results and the experimental data regarding cavity shape, cavity volume and low order frequency components of the pressure fluctuation induced by the cavitating propeller.     

回转体-螺旋桨组合体之推力减额的一个数值预测方法

作者把计算回转体绕流的Landweber方法推广到带有运转螺旋桨时回转体绕流问题的计算,导出了附加螺旋桨影响后的物面速度分布的第一类Fredh-olm积分方程。对该方程的迭代求解则用新的加速迭代公式替代常用的Land-weber迭代公式。通过对带与不带运转螺旋桨时回转体上压力差的积分可以得到推力减额。两条模型(分别在风洞、水池的试验)的数值例子表明:本方法的迭代速度要比Landweber迭代公式快,而计算得的推力减额和表面压差分布与试验结果的一致性很好,优于Huaug用Hess-Smith方法算得的结果。     

基于动刚度法的水面船舶桨-轴-船体耦合系统

为分析在低频段内船体两侧螺旋桨激励相位差对船体振动的影响,基于动刚度法建立水面船舶桨-轴-船体耦合系统的横向振动3梁耦合模型。将动刚度法的计算结果与有限元法进行对比,表明动刚度法具有良好的精度。分析桨-轴-船体耦合系统的垂向固有振动特性。在低频段内该系统主要表现为船体梁的振动,推进轴系对船体梁的固有特性影响较小。对左右双桨分别施加不同相位差的单位垂向简谐力,计算由各轴承位置输入至船体梁的功率流。结果表明,双桨激励相位差的增大会使输入至船体梁的功率流变小。因此,在对桨-轴-船体耦合系统的横向振动控制方面,应重点关注双桨激励相位差较大时的工况。     

浅吃水肥大型船的尾部线型研究

从分析船舶尾部伴流场对船舶阻力推进,操纵及船体振动性能等影响的观点,研究尾部三维伴流场,介绍尾型与伴流场之间关系及非对称双尾鳍船型的形成。非对称双尾鳍船型与优选的常规双尾鳍船型模型的阻力,自航及伴流场等比较试验结果表明,非对称双尾鳍船具有两大优点,首先,该船型能在浆前方产生一个与外旋浆旋向相反的预旋流,在保持了优良阻力性能前提下可提高外旋浆推进效率8％,获得阻力,推进,操纵各性能间的最佳配合,第二,轴向伴流分布比较均匀,满足BSRA5项衡准指标,改善了螺旋浆工作的流场条件,减少了螺旋浆产生空泡及其诱导船体激振的危险,使节能与减振得到统一,最后还介绍了该船型首制船“宁安1号”的实船测试结果及其由船模试验预报实船性能的一致性。     

基于FINE/Marine的螺旋桨水动力性能研究

以标准DTMB 4119桨为研究对象,基于黏性流计算软件Fine/Marine,采用RANS方法预报螺旋桨敞水性能,对不同进速系数下的推力系数和扭矩系数进行模拟计算。计算过程中分别采用旋转坐标系及滑移网格2种方法,其中,在采用滑移网格计算时,分别考虑湍流模型、非线性迭代步数及迭代时间步长对计算结果的影响。经过与试验结果进行对比分析及各方法间的比较,总结了各方法的特征与优劣,并验证了2种方法在螺旋桨敞水性能预报中的可靠性与有效性。该预报思路和方法可为后续螺旋桨水动力性能研究提供借鉴和参考。     

船桨干扰定常空化性能数值模拟

文章采用CFD技术计算了船桨干扰定常空化性能。首先计算了不同空化数下的NACA66(MOD)水翼和DTRC4381螺旋桨的定常空化性能,同时预报了KCS船的伴流场、阻力性能和船体表面压力分布。为了验证计算船后螺旋桨空化流的可行性,文中对KCS船和KP505螺旋桨进行了整体考虑,并计算了不同空化数下的船后螺旋桨的空化覆盖面积。计算表明,文中采用的计算方法合理,计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

低速大推力导管桨水动力性能预报及优化设计

为研究低速大推力导管桨水动力性能,应用商业软件Fluent,采用RANS方法结合k-ω湍流模型,开展了对原型和改型导管桨敞水状态下的数值计算。采用多运动参考坐标框架(MRF)技术,通过局部网格加密,来模拟桨叶和导管间的间隙流动。重点考察了设计工况点的水动力性能,压力分布等,通过计算分析,对导管桨(包括桨叶、导管以及前后定子)进行了优化设计。研究发现,导管桨在低速高负荷状态下,桨叶吸力面叶梢附近有很大的低压区。提高导管推力占比,可较大幅度提升推进效率。优化后置定子,能使效率得到一定提升。相关结果进行了试验验证,吻合良好,表明该数值研究方法可靠,具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

螺旋桨/船体粘性流场的整体数值求解

螺旋桨和船体是相互作用的,孤立地对螺旋桨或船体流场进行数值模拟均无法有效地对它们的相互影响进行研究.本文采用周向平均的混合面处理方法,实现了螺旋桨/船体流场的整体计算,计算结果和试验数据进行了比较,表明该方法能很好地模拟螺旋桨和船体之间的相互影响,从而揭示了真实螺旋桨和船体之间相互干扰的内在规律.本文研究结果为研究螺旋桨和船体相互影响提供了更加精确和实用的研究手段.     

带前置预旋导轮的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力数值模拟研究

本文基于非定常粘性RANS方法结合Schnerr-Sauer空泡模型,建立了船后螺旋桨空泡脉动压力数值预报方法,并开展了数值方法的不确定度分析;然后采用ITTC'78自航预报规程结合CFD方法预报了带前置预旋导轮的节能效果,开展了安装节能导轮后的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力预报研究;对比分析了有无节能装置时的螺旋桨叶表面空泡形态及1阶和2阶船体脉动压力.研究表明,在本实例中安装节能装置后的1阶和2阶脉动压力分别下降了33％和20％,而桨叶表面空泡面积也有所下降.     

螺旋桨非定常性能的面元法预报

采用扰动速度势面元法预报螺旋桨非定常性能,桨叶、桨毂和尾涡面由双曲四边形面元进行离散,对时域内非定常问题的求解采用时间步进迭代方法,建立了桨叶随边非定常等压库塔条件的非线性迭代结构,使迭代求解更加有效、快速和稳定.预报结果与测试结果或其它数值结果比较是令人满意的.     

船模伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

介绍Hoekstra船模伴流修正方法、伴流模拟方法及螺旋桨激振力测量的试验过程。以第16届ITTC推荐的Sydney Express桨为研究对象，在上海船舶运输科学研究所空泡实验室用网格方法模拟船舶艉部流场，通过布置在桨模上方相应位置平板上的5个传感器进行了脉动压力测量。比较螺旋桨在船模伴流场和使用Hoekstra法换算得到的实船伴流场中工作时激振力的预报值及桨模空泡形态，并与实桨对比，就伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响作了探讨。     

船模自航试验数值模拟研究

基于SHIPFLOW软件,对螺旋桨敞水试验、船舶阻力试验和自航试验进行数值模拟,并依据试验结果验证。发现数值模拟能够较好地预报螺旋桨的推力系数、扭矩系数、船模的阻力系数和自航因子及推进效率,为船舶的线型设计和螺旋桨设计提供有效的数值参考。     

Numerical calculations of propeller shaft loads on azimuth propulsors in oblique inflow

This paper evaluates various computational methods used to compute propeller performance, hydrodynamic side force and bending moment applied to an azimuth propulsor propeller shaft in oblique inflow. The two non-viscous models used are the BEM method and the blade element momentum theory (BEMT). RANS calculations are used to compute the loads on the propeller and the nominal wake velocity from the thruster body to be used in the BEMT model. The effect of the ship hull is also considered in the calculation by implementing the measured nominal wake of a ship hull at different propeller azimuthal positions. All the models are compared and validated against the experimental results, and the discussions are presented.     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

Underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation

The main objective of this paper is to develop an efficient numerical method which can predict the underwater acoustic field and pressure fluctuation on a ship hull due to unsteady propeller sheet cavitation by linear acoustic theory. In addition, the noise scattered from the ship hull and reflected from the free surface are included. Concerning the computation of the acoustic field induced by unsteady sheet cavitation and forces of a marine propeller, a method is derived without making any approximation about the distance function between the noise source and field point. Thus, this method can be used to predict acoustic pressure at both far and near fields, and this is very important for the scattering problem because the ship hull is located very close to the propeller. For the computation of the scattering problem, a more efficient and robust method is derived in time domain, which can treat multi-frequency waves scattered from underwater obstacles. The acoustic fields of a container ship radiated by the propeller and scattered from the ship hull with free surface is investigated in this paper. The pressure fluctuations of low blade rate on the ship hull induced by the propeller are also computed by the present method and are found to be similar to the results obtained by a panel method satisfying the Laplace equation for the points near the propeller due to the small retarding time. However, for the points on the ship hull away from the propeller, the differences of the results between two methods will increase.     

舰船推进电机及螺旋桨负载模拟系统研究

当前舰船电力推进替代传统的柴油机推进已成为发展趋势,本文介绍了一种能同时模拟推进电机及螺旋桨负载特性的舰船电力推进模拟系统。首先设计了电力推进模拟系统,提出了它的控制策略;其次提出了模拟直流推进电机的设计依据,并进行了模拟直流推进电机的设计;然后介绍了2种模拟螺旋桨负载计算模型;进一步介绍了系统硬件和控制软件;最后用PSIM仿真软件和模拟装置对推进电机和螺旋桨负载在各种工况下的特性进行对比实验。实验结果表明,上述电机设计方法和系统控制策略是正确的,该电力推进模拟系统能可靠运行。     

船用螺旋桨桨叶应力数值计算

综合运用计算流体力学(CFD)与有限元分析(FEA)方法对船用螺旋桨桨叶应力进行数值模拟和分析。采用CFD方法对设计工况与非设计工况的敞水特性进行数值模拟;将CFD数值模拟所得的空间水动力作为外部载荷,采用有限元方法对桨叶应力进行计算分析。以5叶侧斜桨为算例,得到的推力系数、转矩系数与敞水试验值具有较好的一致性,得到的桨叶应力结果与理论分析相吻合,本方法可对桨叶应力进行准确的数值预报。