电动汽车能量回馈的整车控制

以4种典型循环工况为例对电动汽车进行能量分析，设计了基于常规汽车制动系统的整车能量回馈控制方式，研究了控制策略，完成了车辆道路试验与标定优化。试验表明，整车能量回馈控制方式与控制策略安全、可靠，且柔顺性良好；利用能量回馈技术，蓄电池能量消耗可减少10％，能有效延长电动汽车的一次充电续驶里程。     

混合动力电动汽车制动系统回馈特性仿真

为了研究混合动力电动汽车(HEV)回馈制动特性,建立了用于城市公交的混合动力电动汽车复合制动系统的仿真模型,提出了回馈制动控制策略,分析了复合制动系统的工作过程,并探讨影响电动汽车制动系统可靠、安全和高效的主要因素,研究电动汽车复合制动系统优化途径。研究结果表明:回馈制动最低车速限值越小,制动能量回收率越大;从回收电动汽车能量角度分析,回馈制动比例应有一个有效范围值;在各种循环工况下,具有回馈制动功能时混合动力电动汽车城市客车单位里程的能量消耗可降低10%~25%。     

微型纯电动汽车的系统构型与关键参数设计

本文中为微型纯电动汽车选定了轮毂电机驱动方式,并研究其构型和参数设计.首先构建了由整车控制器、电机控制器和电池管理系统组成的分布式控制系统以及能量回馈制动与液压制动协调配合的并联复合制动系统.然后进行关键部件的参数设计,先确定整车目标性能参数,再根据车辆动力学计算与Matlab/Simulink仿真结果,确定轮毂电机和动力电池的性能参数并进行选型.最后通过仿真与整车试验验证整车性能满足设计指标.     

一种新型电动汽车整车控制器快速检测方案

电动汽车整车控制器VCU是电动汽车(混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车)的中央控制单元,是整个控制系统的核心,负责车辆的驱动力矩的控制、制动能量回馈控制、整车能量管理、CAN网络维护与管理、故障诊断与处理、车辆状态监测等,保证整车在较好的动力性、较高经济性及可靠性的状态下正常稳定地工作。整车控制器的品质稳定性对整车运行和安全起到重大作用。为了满足生产节奏,整车控制器快速检验设备成为了品质检验的必备工具。本文介绍对整车控制器快速检验设备的开发及应用。     

纯电动客车整车驱动控制分析与研究

针对纯电动客车系统方案,分析了整车驱动控制策略,包括加速转矩控制、制动能量回馈、驻坡、怠速爬行等功能,以满足整车驾驶性能要求。     

分布式驱动电动汽车回馈制动失效的液压补偿控制

分布式驱动电动汽车各驱动轮转速和转矩可以单独精确控制，便于实现整车动力学控制和制动能量回馈，从而提升车辆的主动安全性和行驶经济性。但车辆在回馈制动过程中，一旦1台电机突发故障，其他电机产生的制动力矩将对整车形成附加横摆力矩，从而造成车辆失稳，此时虽可通过截断异侧对应电机制动力矩输出来保证行驶方向，但会使车辆制动力大幅衰减或丧失，同样不利于行车安全。为了解决此问题，提出并验证一种基于电动助力液压制动系统的制动压力补偿控制方法，力图有效保证整车制动安全性。以轮毂电机驱动汽车为例，首先建立了整车动力学模型以及轮毂电机模型，通过仿真验证了回馈制动失效的整车失稳特性以及电机转矩截断控制的不足；然后，建立了电动助力液压制动系统模型，并通过原理样机的台架试验验证了模型的准确性；接着，基于滑模控制算法设计了制动压力补偿控制器，并在单侧电机再生制动失效后的转矩截断控制基础上完成了液压制动补偿控制效果仿真验证；最后，通过实车试验证明了所提控制方法的有效性和实用性。研究结果表明：在分布式驱动电动汽车单侧电机再生制动失效工况下，通过异侧电机转矩截断控制和制动系统的液压主动补偿，能够使车辆快速恢复稳定行驶并满足制动强度需求。     

电动汽车驱动系统再生制动特性分析与仿真

电动汽车行驶时对能量的需求以及延长续驶里程要求驱动电机具有再生制动能力,既可以提供制动力,又可以将制动过程中的能量回收。通过对汽车制动模式及其产生的能量进行分析。以永磁无刷直流电机系统在作电动汽车动力时实现电气制动为控制策略,仿真了回馈制动,并对仿真结果进行了分析、探讨。结果表明,再生制动的算法是可行的,能满足能量回收要求。     

基于自适应遗传算法的某款纯电动汽车智能发电策略分析

纯电动汽车动力电池容量有限,这是困扰其大力推广关键因素之一,若一味提升电池容量将大大提高整车成本。因此,在纯电动汽车动力电池容量不变和保证车辆行驶舒适安全前提下,提出续航里程提升策略至关重要。文章提出通过搭载风力发电机和制动回馈电机发电策略有助于续航,分析风力发电与制动能量回馈影响因素并研究纯电动汽车风力发电与制动能量回馈系统控制模型结构后,充分考虑汽车所受阻力,电能转换效率提升方法,建立智能发电能量模型。最后采用遗传算法将空气湿度,制动强度,电池荷电状态,行车速度等因素作为决策变量,并在Matlab软件中仿真,得出了随着风力发电机与制动回馈电机平稳运转后,风力发电与制动能量回馈之和处于最佳发电值,验证了发电策略可提升动力电池的充电量,增大纯电动汽车的续航里程。     

纯电动汽车制动能量回收控制策略及仿真分析

整车控制系统是车辆的核心控制部分,其既要对驾驶员的操纵意图进行识别和判断,又要对整车运行时的关键参数进行监测和控制,同时,还要对整车的能量需求进行管理和协调。在车辆制动工况下,如果进行制动能量的回收控制,可以有效的延长续驶里程,但电动汽车在进行回馈制动时,电制动会和机械制动系统相互耦合,这一问题解决的好坏,也会影响到车辆行使的安全性。本文阐述了对制动模式下机械制与电机再生制动的协调开展研究,目标是进一步保证车辆行驶的安全性和舒适性,提高制动时的能量回收效率。     

电动汽车制动能量回馈控制系统及控制方法研究

电动汽车是新能源汽车的重要发展方向。近年来,纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车、混合动力汽车都在快速并行发展,且电驱成为主要的驱动方式。节能是新能源汽车技术发展的重点之一,怎样有效地控制提升能量的使用效率,增加整车的续驶里程是整车电驱化控制技术的重要环节,因此制动能量回馈控制成为现阶段的重要手段。本文介绍电动汽车整车制动能量回收控制系统架构及具体的控制方法。     

Transient switching control strategy from regenerative braking to anti-lock braking with a semi-brake-by-wire system

Regenerative braking is an important technology in improving fuel economy of an electric vehicle (EV). However, additional motor braking will change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle, leading to braking instability, especially when the anti-lock braking system (ABS) is triggered. In this paper, a novel semi-brake-by-wire system, without the use of a pedal simulator and fail-safe device, is proposed. In order to compensate for the hysteretic characteristics of the designed brake system while ensure braking reliability and fuel economy when the ABS is triggered, a novel switching compensation control strategy using sliding mode control is brought forward. The proposed strategy converts the complex coupling braking process into independent control of hydraulic braking and regenerative braking, through which a balance between braking performance, braking reliability, braking safety and fuel economy is achieved. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy is effective and adaptable in different road conditions while the large wheel slip rate is triggered during a regenerative braking course. The research provides a new possibility of low-cost equipment and better control performance for the regenerative braking in the EV and the hybrid EV.     

电动汽车再生制动特点及控制策略

再生制动对延长电动汽车续驶里程和延长机械制动器的使用寿命提供了很好的辅助制动功能。文章介绍了再生制动的影响因素和特点,并将各因素换算成当前最大允许制动力矩和当前最大允许制动功率后,基于ABS系统提出一种再生制动的较好控制策略,为开发设计具体的控制系统及算法奠定了良好的基础。     

Combined control of a regenerative braking and antilock braking system for hybrid electric vehicles

Most parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) employ both a hydraulic braking system and a regenerative braking system to provide enhanced braking performance and energy regeneration. A new design of a combined braking control strategy (CBCS) is presented in this paper. The design is based on a new method of HEV braking torque distribution that makes the hydraulic braking system work together with the regenerative braking system. The control system meets the requirements of a vehicle longitudinal braking performance and gets more regenerative energy charge back to the battery. In the described system, a logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) is developed to adjust the hydraulic braking torque dynamically, and a fuzzy logic control strategy (FCS) is applied to adjust the regenerative braking torque dynamically. With the control strategy, the hydraulic braking system and the regenerative braking system work synchronously to assure high regenerative efficiency and good braking performance, even on roads with a low adhesion coefficient when emergency braking is required. The proposed braking control strategy is steady and effective, as demonstrated by the experiment and the simulation.     

一种电动汽车轮毂电机再生制动试验台架的设计与实现

设计了一种电动汽车用轮毂电机试验台,该试验台可将电机的性能测试试验与再生制动试验合二为一。介绍了该试验台的组成结构和测控系统工作原理,提出了电机再生制动试验方法及试验数据的计算公式,并利用虚拟仪器技术开发了测控系统软件环境。通过试验台的实际运行,验证了其台架设计的合理性及其测控系统控制方式的可行性。     

Extended-Kalman-filter-based regenerative and friction blended braking control for electric vehicle equipped with axle motor considering damping and elastic properties of electric powertrain

Because of the damping and elastic properties of an electrified powertrain, the regenerative brake of an electric vehicle (EV) is very different from a conventional friction brake with respect to the system dynamics. The flexibility of an electric drivetrain would have a negative effect on the blended brake control performance. In this study, models of the powertrain system of an electric car equipped with an axle motor are developed. Based on these models, the transfer characteristics of the motor torque in the driveline and its effect on blended braking control performance are analysed. To further enhance a vehicle's brake performance and energy efficiency, blended braking control algorithms with compensation for the powertrain flexibility are proposed using an extended Kalman filter. These algorithms are simulated under normal deceleration braking. The results show that the brake performance and blended braking control accuracy of the vehicle are significantly enhanced by the newly proposed algorithms.     

Experimental investigations on continuous regenerative anti-lock braking system of full electric vehicle

Functions of anti-lock braking for full electric vehicles (EV) with individually controlled wheel drive can be realized through conventional brake system actuating friction brakes and regenerative brake system actuating electric motors. To analyze advantages and limitations of both variants of anti-lock braking systems (ABS), the presented study introduces results of experimental investigations obtained from proving ground tests of all-wheel drive EV. The brake performance is assessed for three different configurations: hydraulic ABS; regenerative ABS only on the front axle; blended hydraulic and regenerative ABS on the front axle and hydraulic ABS on the rear axle. The hydraulic ABS is based on a rule-based controller, and the continuous regenerative ABS uses the gain-scheduled proportional-integral direct slip control with feedforward and feedback control parts. The results of tests on low-friction road surface demonstrated that all the ABS configurations guarantee considerable reduction of the brake distance compared to the vehicle without ABS. In addition, braking manoeuvres with the regenerative ABS are characterized by accurate tracking of the reference wheel slip that results in less oscillatory time profile of the vehicle deceleration and, as consequence, in better driving comfort. The results of the presented experimental investigations can be used in the process of selection of ABS architecture for upcoming generations of full electric vehicles with individual wheel drive.     

CVT混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略与仿真分析

分析了混合动力汽车制动过程中发动机反拖制动和CVT速比控制对车辆再生制动性能的影响,提出了低制动强度下仅由电机再生制动、高制动强度下电机与制动器共同制动和紧急制动时发动机参与制动的再生制动策略。对典型工况进行了再生制动仿真,仿真结果表明,CVT速比控制可使电机运行在高效区,从而获得了比传统手动变速混合动力汽车更好的制动能量回收效果。     

Improvement of drivability and fuel economy with a hybrid antiskid braking system in hybrid electric vehicles

When braking on wet roads, Antilock Braking System (ABS) control can be triggered because the available brake torque is not sufficient. When the ABS system is active, for a hybrid electric vehicle, the regenerative brake is switched off to safeguard the normal ABS function. When the ABS control is terminated, it would be favorable to reactivate the regenerative brake. However, recurring cycles from ABS to motor regenerative braking could occur. This condition is felt to be unpleasant by the driver and has adverse effects on driving stability. In this paper, a novel hybrid antiskid braking system using fuzzy logic is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle that has a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor and a separate hydraulic braking system. This control strategy and the method for coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking are developed. The motor regenerative braking controller is designed. Control of regenerative and hydraulic braking force distribution is investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that vehicle braking performance and fuel economy can be improved and the proposed control strategy and method are effective and robust.