半主动悬架及其控制

悬架从控制力的角度可分为被动悬架、半主动悬架和全主动悬架。从使用方便性和价格来看，性能较为优良的半主动悬架应用前景最好。综述了半主动悬架的产生。发展及其控制现状，在此基础上指出了该技术的进一步要求和所需研究的问题。     

轿车悬架技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了轿车用被动悬架、半主动悬架、主动悬架的结构特点和工作原理，以及各自的优缺点与发展趋势。通过比较分析得出：被动悬架因结构简单、性能可靠、成本低、不耗能而得到广泛应用；主动悬架虽性能优越，但因元件价格昂贵，工作时能耗高而使其应用受到限制；半主动悬架性能好于被动悬架，且成本比主动悬架低得多，是今后悬架系统的主要发展方向。     

基于串联型模糊神经网络的汽车半主动悬架的研究

本文建立了五自由度汽车半主动悬架系统模型，提出一种用于汽车悬 半主动振动控制系统的模糊神经网络方法，对半主动悬架 计算机仿真和结果分析，并通过与被动悬架相比较，证明半主动悬架系统在减少振动，提高汽车平一方面要优于被动悬架。     

汽车悬架控制技术的发展

现代汽车悬架，要求其在各种行驶条件下提供平顺性和安全性的最佳匹配。但是传统被动悬架，只能保证在一种特定道路和速度下达到最优折衷。为此，开发研制了各种悬架控制技术和方案。介绍了半被动、半主动、慢全主动、全主动四种悬架控制方案和应用，并作了相应的评价。     

汽车主动悬架系统状态反馈控制技术研究

车辆的悬架系统对于其舒适性和操纵稳定性都起着关键作用。随着计算机技术和液压伺服元件的发展，出现了主动和半主动悬架系统，在其控制策略具有二次型性能指标的最优控制方法比较成熟。通过建立系统的数学模型和仿真计算，对全状态反馈和被动悬架进行比分析，表明主动悬架采用和有限状态的反馈较全状态反馈有明显优势，是一种比较实用的状态反馈控制方法。     

半主动悬架模糊PID混合控制及时滞分析

半主动悬架较被动悬架，在乘坐舒适性、操纵稳定性方面均有较大提高，同时与主动悬架相比具有性价比高、耗能小等优点，所以半主动悬架成为近年来汽车底盘研究的热点。本文基于车辆4自由度1／2半主动悬架模型，提出了模糊PID混合控制算法，并基于该算法对半主动悬架进行控制，且对半主动悬架系统的时滞问题做了定量分析。仿真结果表明，模糊PID混合控制的半主动悬架在车身加速度、车身俯仰角加速度、前后悬架动挠度、前后轮胎动载荷、前后簧载质量加速度等在时域和频域中均有所改善，且一定量的时滞对该算法亦影响较小。这对半主动悬架控制算法的研究和半主动悬架的开发具有较大参考价值。     

轿车悬架技术现状及发展趋势

介绍了轿车用被动悬架、半主动悬架、主动悬架的结构特点和工作原理,以及各自的优缺点与发展趋势。通过比较分析得出:被动悬架因结构简单、性能可靠、成本低、不耗能而得到广泛应用;主动悬架虽性能优越,但因元件价格昂贵,工作时能耗高而使其应用受到限制;半主动悬架性能好于被动悬架,且成本比主动悬架低得多,是今后悬架系统的主要发展方向。     

汽车半主动悬架系统的研究现状及趋势

文中介绍了汽车半主动悬架系统的研发状况,着重对半主动悬架的控制策略研究现状进行了分析和评价,探讨了今后半主动悬架系统的研究趋势。     

基于天棚控制的半主动悬架建模及稳定性分析

为探究时滞因素对开关天棚控制半主动悬架动态稳定特性的影响,以含时滞的开关天棚控制半主动悬架模型和时滞微分方程理论为基础,并运用Lyapunov稳定性理论,提出该悬架控制系统失稳临界时滞求解的理论分析和数值计算方法;利用数值解法求得不同被动基值阻尼和可切换阻尼减振器阻尼系数下悬架系统的失稳临界时滞量及全(非全)时滞渐进稳定域;最后,通过建立含时滞开关天棚控制半主动悬架系统仿真模型,分析得到时滞对半主动悬架动特性的影响规律。结果表明,当时滞量达到临界值时,悬架系统稳定性将严重恶化。本研究为含时滞开关天棚控制可切换阻尼半主动悬架控制系统的时滞补偿及其稳定性控制策略的制定奠定基础。     

半主动悬架电子控制系统的研究

简要介绍半主动悬架及其电子控制系统的构成.这种半主动悬架系统可根据路面的激励输入,自动实现悬架阻尼参数的无级调节,性能上远远优于被动悬架而接近主动悬架.     

Semiactive Suspension Design with an Optimal Gain Switching Target

The paper presents a two-phase design technique for semiactive suspensions. In the first phase, we use a procedure proposed by Yoshida et al. to compute a target active control law that can be implemented by Optimal Gain Switching. This control law is such that the force generated by the suspension system is bounded within a set U . In the second phase, we approximate this target by controlling the damper coefficient of the semiactive suspension. We also compute the region of the state space in which the force generated by the semiactive suspension is still within the set U . The results of several simulations show that the use of a semiactive suspension leads to minimal loss with respect to optimal performance of an active suspension.     

Semiactive Suspension Design with an Optimal Gain Switching Target

The paper presents a two-phase design technique for semiactive suspensions. In the first phase, we use a procedure proposed by Yoshida et al. to compute a target active control law that can be implemented by Optimal Gain Switching. This control law is such that the force generated by the suspension system is bounded within a set U. In the second phase, we approximate this target by controlling the damper coefficient of the semiactive suspension. We also compute the region of the state space in which the force generated by the semiactive suspension is still within the set U. The results of several simulations show that the use of a semiactive suspension leads to minimal loss with respect to optimal performance of an active suspension.     

Design of a Predictive Semiactive Suspension System

In this paper we present an original design procedure for semiactive suspension systems. Firstly, we consider a target active control law that takes the form of a feedback control law. Secondly, we approximate the target law by controlling the damper coefficient f of the semiactive suspension. In particular, we examine two different kinds of shock absorbers: the first one uses magneto-rheological fluid instead of oil, while the second one is a solenoid valve damper. In both cases the nonlinear characteristics force-velocity of the damper are used to approximate the target law. To improve the efficiency of the proposed system, we take into account the updating frequency of the coefficient f and compute the expected value of f using a predictive procedure. We also address the problem of designing an asymptotic state observer that can be used not only to estimate the current state but also to predict the value that the state will take at the next sampling time.     

Design of a Predictive Semiactive Suspension System

In this paper we present an original design procedure for semiactive suspension systems. Firstly, we consider a target active control law that takes the form of a feedback control law. Secondly, we approximate the target law by controlling the damper coefficient f of the semiactive suspension. In particular, we examine two different kinds of shock absorbers: the first one uses magneto-rheological fluid instead of oil, while the second one is a solenoid valve damper. In both cases the nonlinear characteristics force-velocity of the damper are used to approximate the target law. To improve the efficiency of the proposed system, we take into account the updating frequency of the coefficient f and compute the expected value of f using a predictive procedure. We also address the problem of designing an asymptotic state observer that can be used not only to estimate the current state but also to predict the value that the state will take at the next sampling time.     

汽车磁流变半主动悬架的控制研究

为了改善汽车的乘坐舒适性和行驶安全性,提出了一种汽车磁流变半主动悬架的控制策略。首先,设计了磁流变减振器的工作模式,通过试验获得了其速度特性和力学特性,建立了磁流变减振器的数学模型;其次,建立了带磁流变减振器的二自由度车辆简化模型及其参数表;最后,基于双环控制理论,设计了一种控制系统,其外环产生理想的结构阻尼力,内环调节电流驱动器的电流,以使磁流变减振器实时地产生控制阻尼力。仿真结果表明:以磁流变减振器为基础,通过半主动控制技术,悬架系统的振动动态性能得到了有效的控制。     

可调减振器阻尼控制与半主动悬架的试验研究

建立车辆半主动悬架1/4模型,提出可调减振器阻尼控制的实现方法,设计半主动悬架台架试验系统。在可调减振器试验的基础上,建立了可调减振器阻尼与步进电机转角之间的关系。最后,对半主动悬架1/4物理模型进行了台架试验。结果表明,试验系统稳定可靠,阻尼控制易于实现,半主动悬架能较好地适应不同的路面输入,为半主动悬架及控制系统的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

基于空气悬架“高度阀统一应用模型”的智能空气悬架系统

根据目前空气悬架高度阀应用实际情况,简要分析了诸如常规高度阀、快速排气高度阀以及多级高度调节阀等各种不同类型高度阀和ECAS空气悬架系统各自的应用技术状态和特点。基于上述分析结果,率先提出了空气悬架“高度阀统一应用模型”(UAM),该模型对目前所有商用车空气悬架系统中包括高度阀在内的阀类零部件的应用状态进行了高度概括和统一。并以此模型为基础,设计出一种可自动调节长度的高度阀连杆,与最普通的高度阀配合使用,在保留高度阀实时进、排气的优势下实现对气囊高度无级、多样化调节,再结合气囊压力监测装置和中央处理单元,最终实现空气悬架系统的智能控制。     

Robust Stability Analysis of LQG-Controlled Active Suspension with Model Uncertainty Using Structured Singular Value, μ, Method

This paper presents a systematic approach toward robust stability analysis of LQG-con trolled active suspension systems. To perform this task, the paper starts with a brief background information on LQG control, its relation to H₂ method, and showing how H₂ could be formulated to become the frequency domain equivalent of LQG. Then unstructured and structured uncertainties of active suspension are formulated. The paper continues with the definition of maximum singular values and structured singular values of a transfer function matrix. Using these definitions, the robust stability of an active suspension system in the presence of assumed parameter variations are analyzed. These steps are illustrated by means of a numerical example of an active suspension system.     

兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统设计与研究

为解决特种车辆或载重车辆在极端工况下易侧翻的问题,提出了一种兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统。对该悬架系统的主动抗侧倾模式和馈能模式进行了功能原理设计与分析;针对主动抗侧倾模式与馈能模式,构建了电液悬架系统仿真模型;设计了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾模糊PID控制策略和侧倾力矩分配方案,以及执行机构逻辑门限值控制策略,并基于Matlab/Simulink、TruckSim和AMESim仿真软件,搭建了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾控制策略联合仿真平台;对装配有电液悬架系统的车辆模型在极限工况下的抗侧倾性能进行仿真分析,并对车辆在随机路面激励输入下的馈能特性进行仿真分析。结果表明,装配该电液悬架的特种车辆具备较强的防侧翻能力,并具有较好的悬架运动能量回收潜力。     

Sliding mode observation and control for semiactive vehicle suspensions

This paper investigates the application of robust, nonlinear observation and control strategies, namely sliding mode observation and control (SMOC), to semiactive vehicle suspensions using a model reference approach. The vehicle suspension models include realistic nonlinearities in the spring and magnetorheological (MR) damper elements, and the nonlinear reference models incorporate skyhook damping. Since full state measurement is difficult to achieve in practice, a sliding mode observer (SMO) that requires only suspension deflection as a measured input is developed. The performance and robustness of sliding mode control (SMC), SMO, and SMOC are demonstrated through comprehensive computer simulations and compared to popular alternatives. The results of these simulations reveal the benefits of sliding mode observation and control for improved ride quality, and should be directly transferable to commercial semiactive vehicle suspension implementations.