局部加强的含裂纹板应力强度因子分析

对含裂纹板局部焊接加强板条的断裂问题进行了分析计算.考虑加强板条的横向刚度和纵向刚度的影响,将加强板条对裂纹板的作用力离散化为作用在沿加强板条方向的有限个作用点处,由含裂纹板的复应力函数解法进行求解.文中分别就加强板条位置和加强板条相对刚度对裂纹板加强作用的影响进行了计算分析.计算结果表明,加强板条纵向刚度对降低裂纹板的应力强度因子起主要作用,提高加强板条刚度有利于降低结构应力强度因子,提高结构承载能力.     

裂纹前端局部加强板的韧性断裂分析

对局部加强含裂纹板的弹塑性断裂问题进行了分析计算.建立了裂纹前端局部加强的裂纹板弹塑性分析的Dug-dale模型,以裂纹尖端开口位移CTOD为断裂参数,就加强复板位置、结构参数及加强复板与裂纹板材料参数等因素对结构止裂性能的影响进行了分析计算.结果表明,在裂纹前端进行局部加强使裂纹尖端的塑性区长度减小,且降低了裂纹尖端的开口位移CTOD,能有效地阻止裂纹扩展.提高加强复板相对刚度有利于改善裂纹尖端状态,提高结构的承载能力.     

弹塑性裂纹前端部分加强板的止裂效果分析

通过建立Dugdale模型,对裂纹前端部分加强的含裂纹板弹塑性情况下的韧性断裂问题进行了研究.实例计算并分析了加强板条的位置、相对刚度等参数对结构断裂参数的影响,亦对加强板条的止裂作用进行了分析.计算结果表明,裂纹前端布置加强板条能有效地降低裂纹尖端的开口位移,阻止裂纹的扩展,其止裂作用受加强板条的位置、结构参数及加强板条与含裂纹板的材料参数等诸多因素的影响.     

Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

Strength evaluation of intersection between stiffeners and primary supporting members in double hull structure

In this previous study, a consistent theoretical formula was established in single hull structure, taking account of all the structural components affecting the load share of each member, in combination with the combined load effect of direct force from the longitudinal stiffener and shear force on the primary supporting member. What's more, it has been known qualitatively that the bending moment at the root of the web stiffener in double hull structure is less than that in single hull structure. However, the difference between double hull and single hull structures has not been achieved. In this study, the authors develop a theoretical formulation to represent the stresses at the root of the web stiffener due to the load from both the longitudinal stiffener and the shear force on the primary supporting member in the double hull structure. Then, the results calculated by the derived formulae are compared with the results obtained by finite element analysis, and good accuracy of the proposed formula was verified. Finally, the calculated stresses were compared between double hull and single hull structures. On one hand, the share of loading born by the web stiffener is almost comparable between the double hull and single hull structures. On the other hand, the bending moment at the root of the web stiffener is smaller in the double hull structure than in single hull structure, and therefore, the maximum stress is smaller.     

A study of fatigue crack propagation at a web stiffener on a longitudinal stiffener

Predicting fatigue crack growth after its detection during in-service inspection is necessary to prevent a loss of serviceability, such as the oil and/or water tightness of critical compartments. This paper focuses on the most typical fatigue cracks that start at the weld joint between a flat bar stiffener on a transverse web frame and the flange of a longitudinal stiffener on a bottom plate or inner bottom plate. An experiment is carried out to observe the fatigue crack propagation for two kinds of flat bars at the abovementioned connection. The experimental results, especially the surface crack growth on the flange (which dominates during the total fatigue life of the longitudinal stiffener), are compared with crack growth curves predicted using a few existing formulas. Based on the comparative study, a formula that shows the best agreement with the experiment results is selected. Weld toe magnification factors for the web stiffener are computed from the crack propagation rates measured in the experiment, and two equations for the magnification factors versus crack depth are developed for two types of web stiffeners. The selected existing formula and the proposed equations are applied to two connections at the inner bottom and side longitudinal bulkhead of an LNG carrier. The equivalent stress approach based on a long-term distribution is employed to avoid the complexity involved in dealing with the actual stress history. Using this prediction, the remaining service life until an oil or water leakage occurs at a tank boundary can be estimated when a fatigue crack at the connection is detected.     

Interactive flexural-torsional buckling behaviour of stiffened plating

Results from a series of studies on stiffened plates under axial compression are presented in this paper. The large-deflection elasto-plastic behaviour of each panel component is described by the von Karman equations, thus enabling the lateral-torsional buckling of the stiffener to be modelled in a rigorous manner. Material nonlinearity is represented using the von Mises yield criterion in conjunction with the Prandtl-Reuss flow rule. Results are presented in the form of average stress-strain curves which are used to generate maximum strength curves for the stiffener and plate.     

爆炸载荷作用下单向加筋板的塑性动力响应分析

从加筋板面板以及加强筋的运动方程出发,分析了爆炸载荷作用下单根加筋固支方板的大挠度塑性动力响应。分析表明:加筋板的运动,取决于加强筋的相对刚度以及载荷峰值的大小,将呈现出3种不同的模式。研究仅限于讨论加筋板的总体变形模式,具体讨论了单向加筋固支方板在忽略弯矩影响下的薄膜解法。得到的理论结果与已有的试验结果在多数情况下符合良好,表明简化理论分析方法能对爆炸载荷下单向加筋固支方板的永久变形做出较为合理的预报。     

环向加肋对充液圆柱壳振动特性的影响分析

文章研究了环向加肋对充液圆柱壳耦合振动的影响。基于Love壳体理论,考虑壳体内部完全充液,采用波动法建立充液环肋圆柱壳耦合振动的频率特征方程,得到了不同边界条件下的耦合频率值。通过与已有文献数据对比,验证了文中研究方法的有效性和正确性。最后通过算例,分析了环肋参数对充液圆柱壳结构耦合振动的影响。结果表明,肋骨尺寸、数目的增加,对充液圆柱壳振动频率的提升影响明显,而内、外加肋形式所产生的影响则相对有限;肋骨对频率的影响主要表现在周向波数较大时;肋骨高度变化对耦合振动频率的影响更明显。     

基于过载法的船舶板架冗余度研究

针对两种损伤模式,建立基于过载法的船舶板架结构冗余度计算模型,推导板架结构连续垮塌的最大屈曲利用因子计算公式。计算了6艘CSR船舶船底、内底板、舷侧板和甲板等板架损伤态的屈曲利用因子,验证船舶板架的冗余度。     

船舶加筋板轻量化设计研究

加筋板作为船舶中的基本结构单元,对其进行合理地轻量化设计研究并推广到全船可有效减少钢材消耗,降低制造成本。采用有限元软件,对加筋板的力学特性和振动特性进行分析,结合拓扑优化和尺寸优化方法,开展加筋板结构轻量化与振动的协同设计。根据优化结果重新设计梯形式的加强筋结构,并对比分析新型板材特性变化情况,验证优化结果的有效性,并讨论梯形加强筋底角大小对板材特性的影响。最终在保证其适用性的前提下,实现了加筋板减重19.2%。     

单向加筋板低频振动的简化建模精度影响因素

针对典型单向加筋板结构的低频振动问题,基于薄板弯曲理论,得到等效正交异性板计算公式,通过与有限元计算结果比较验证计算公式的正确性。分析质量等效、弯曲刚度等效与结构参数对简化方法精度的影响规律,并通过附加弯曲刚度比对筋条截面高度、筋条数量和基板厚度等3项结构参数进行定量比较分析,对简化方法的适用范围产生量化认识,为加筋板简化建模的应用场景提供参考性建议。     

不同加筋形式对结构声辐射性能的影响

本文基于统计能量法分析了横向加筋板,纵向加筋板,斜加筋板,圆心在板角的圆弧形加筋板,圆心在板中轴的圆弧形加筋板,正交加筋板等六种不同加筋形式板在100Hz至1000Hz内的声辐射特性,研究表明正交加筋板的平均辐射声压级要低于另外五种形式的加筋板.研究了两类改变加强筋间距的横向加筋板的声辐射性能,研究表明对于固定左侧的一根加强筋改变加强筋间距,随着加强筋间距的增大,辐射声压级先增大后减小,而对于板中线为基准改变加强筋间距,对辐射声压级影响不大.最后,本文研究加筋板在主机舱中的实际应用,建立了三种主机舱模型,分析模型的声辐射特性,研究表明复合加筋形式的主机舱辐射声压级最小,相对于无加筋形式,要低4~5dB左右.     

冲击载荷下加筋板非线性瞬态分析

本文用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在，忽略筋截面上的剪切应力，引入板的应力函数，采用离散加筋板模型，运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式，运用迦辽金法，将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统，采用数值方法来求解。本文最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。     

潜艇横向刚性构架区域应力计算解析方法

本文对框架肋骨及平面舱壁船体结点区域的应力进行理论求解,考虑了内、外框架肋骨和结点区域嵌入厚板,以及厚、薄板连接处由于中曲面不一致引起的附加力矩和邻近普通肋骨对框架肋骨及平面舱壁纵向弯曲的影响.应用本文的计算方法、现行计算方法和有限元方法进行实际结构结点应力的比较计算,结果表明本文的计算方法比现行的计算方法更合理、更全面.     

板架扶强材的连续垮塌研究

建立了船舶结构板架扶强材连续垮塌的计算模型,推导船舶结构板架扶强材连续垮塌的最大屈曲利用因子公式。以某油船为例,在两种损伤模型作用下,计算出船底、内底板、舷侧板和甲板等处的屈曲利用因子,验证板架扶强材的连续垮塌。     

Effect of welding sequence on residual stress and distortion in flat-bar stiffened plates

Numerical simulation based on finite element modelling is used to study the influence of welding sequences on the distribution of residual stress and distortion generated when welding a flat-bar stiffener to a steel plate. The simulation consists of sequentially coupled thermal and structural analyses using an element birth and death technique to model the addition of weld metal to the workpiece. The temperature field during welding and the welding-induced residual stress and distortion fields are predicted and results are compared with experimental measurements and analytical predictions. The effect of four welding sequences on the magnitude of residual stress and distortion in both the plate and the stiffener is investigated and their effects on the ultimate strength of the stiffened plate under uniaxial compression are discussed. Appropriate conclusions and recommendations regarding the welding sequence are presented.     

平板与周期加筋阻尼板间耦合损耗因子的研究

耦合损耗因子是统计能量分析中唯一用于表征耦合系统间能量交换的重要参数，本文在波传递理论基础上，分析了周期加筋阻尼板的波传播特性：即对于周期加筋阻尼板无论是在波的传播域，还是在波的衰减域都减域缩小。结合统计能量分析法，讨论了加强筋宽度、材料阻尼对耦合损耗因子的影响，得到了增加加筋板阻尼损耗因子，使平板至加筋板的耦合损耗因子增大的结论。     

结构形式对船体振动的影响分析

以船体主机下肋板为例,研究船体振动时船底肋板在频率10～150Hz范围振动剧烈的减振方法。通过改变结构的刚度和阻尼,探讨降低肋板剧烈振动的方法。其中改变结构的刚度,包括改变板厚和安装加强筋等,改变阻尼是通过敷设阻尼层来实现。利用ANSYS有限元软件进行模拟计算,对比分析结构的刚度和阻尼发生变化时肋板的振动变化,得出改变结构的刚度和阻尼都可以对局部振动起到降低振动的效果。从实际应用的经济性考虑,安装加强筋方法最优。