典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性

[目的]为研究典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性,将舱内爆炸载荷分为初始爆炸冲击波载荷和准静态气压载荷,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA开展爆炸载荷下固支单向加筋板毁伤特性的数值模拟。[方法]主要模拟载荷冲量相等和载荷峰值相等时固支单向加筋板的变形特性,以及加筋板分别在初始爆炸冲击波载荷、准静态气压载荷及2种载荷联合作用下的毁伤特性,并分析上述载荷作用下加筋板的变形特点。[结果]结果表明:当作用在加筋板上的冲量相等、载荷作用时间小于0.05倍垂向一阶自振周期时,加筋板的最终挠度值处于最大值附近;当载荷峰值相同时,存在饱和冲量值,达到饱和冲量值以后,载荷作用时间不再影响加筋板的最终变形。[结论]在舱内爆炸载荷作用下,加筋板的最终变形不是2种载荷作用下的简单叠加,2种载荷的联合作用会增强毁伤效果。     

爆炸冲击载荷作用下加筋板的变形吸能特性数值分析

[目的]为研究加筋板结构在爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的变形吸能特性,[方法]利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA模拟计算爆炸冲击波对固支加筋板毁伤作用下的变形吸能过程。以单向加筋板为研究对象,分析其变形吸能特性,得到加筋板的整体挠度和板格局部挠度,并利用两者比值来说明板格局部吸能与加筋板整体吸能的比例关系。[结果]结果表明,在爆炸冲击载荷一定的条件下,加筋板的整体变形随着相对刚度的增大而减小;板格局部挠度比值随着加筋板相对刚度的增大而增大;加筋板局部吸能与整体变形吸能的比例也随着其相对刚度的增大而增大。[结论]所提的无量纲相对刚度与挠度比的关系可为舰船抗爆及泄爆结构设计提供参考和思路。     

水下爆炸作用下加筋板变形挠度计算方法

为预报加筋板结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的变形挠度,通过将加强筋等效到面板厚度中去的方法,将光板的响应数Rn修正为加筋板的响应因子(RF),并用来估算加筋板的变形挠度,将计算结果与模型试验结果进行比较吻合。结果表明,在工程上可以用无量纲响应因子来预报爆炸载荷作用下加筋板的变形挠度。     

爆炸载荷作用下固支方板的应变场及破坏分析

对爆炸载荷下的固支方板进行了理论分析和实验研究,导出了固支方板在爆炸载荷作用下的应变场,分析了在爆炸载荷下固支方板的破裂形式,给出了破裂临界压力值,可用于一般工程设计.     

多次水下爆炸下背空加筋板损伤累积特性研究

为了评估舰船结构在水下多次爆炸冲击下抗爆抗冲击性能,采用Abaqus非线性有限元软件建立了固支背空钢板结构水下爆炸冲击数值模型,数值计算结果与文献实验结果吻合较好,验证了水下爆炸声-固耦合方法的可靠性。在此基础上,提出了多次水下爆炸冲击声-固耦合数值模拟方法,研究了多次水下爆炸冲击下典型背空加筋板损伤累积特性与损伤模式演化规律,分析了冲击因子对结构损伤特性的影响。结果表明,多次水下爆炸冲击作用下背空加筋板动态变形与损伤逐渐累积,可能发生塑性大变形、边界拉伸撕裂以及整体失效破坏等损伤模式演化。当冲击因子小于某一阈值时,背空加筋板多次水下爆炸冲击下塑性变形趋于稳定,出现伪安定现象。研究结果可为舰船结构抗爆抗冲击设计提供参考。     

集中载荷作用下船舶板循环变形性能的试验研究

给出了刚性球形冲头静压作用下固支方板以及矩表板循环变形性能的试验结果。讨论了板的静力循环变形性能对船舶板抵卸反复撞击载荷作用的重要影响。     

水下爆炸载荷作用下空背板动态响应研究

为研究板架结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的承载能力,采用数值方法计算空背固支方板在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应,研究爆炸冲击因子对板的最终变形的影响,分析空背板材料应变率以及空气场压力变化对板的动态响应行为的影响,数值结果与试验结果基本一致,冲击因子越大,板中心的最终变形越大.结果表明,分析时必须考虑材料应变率的影响,但可不考虑空气场压力变化对板变形的影响.     

舱内爆炸作用下固支方板的变形与破坏模式

舱内爆炸与自由场爆炸载荷特点明显不同,威力比同等当量下的自由场爆炸大得多.本研究制作了内爆炸载荷发生装置,开展了不同方板在舱内爆炸作用下的动态响应与损伤特性试验,对比了舱内爆炸载荷特点、板的塑性变形、板的损伤特点,讨论了无量纲数的适用性.研究表明:(1)舱内爆炸作用下角隅处的冲击波压力峰值明显大于其他区域,但各测点的冲量趋于一致;(2)炸药相对泄爆孔位置的不同,主要通过影响准静态压力改变方板的变形,初始冲击波的影响相对较小;(3)舱内爆炸作用下固支方板的破坏模式主要为Ⅰ类破坏和Ⅱ类破坏,即整体大塑性变形破坏和边缘拉伸失效.     

加筋板的大挠度塑性动力响应研究

对加筋板的大挠度塑性动力响应进行了理论研究,应用单轴对称截面的线性化轴力-弯矩交互作用曲线和相关联的塑性流动法则推出了梁达到塑性弦状态所应满足的挠度条件.此外,详细地分析了梁在不同载荷情况下可能的运动模式.最后应用本文理论和有限元软件ANSYS、ABAQUS/Explicit对四边固支单向加筋板结构进行了求解.     

冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟

为探讨固支方板结构在爆炸冲击波和高速破片联合作用下的变形破坏特点及规律,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA开展冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟计算,阐述装药驱动预制破片的运动过程,分析冲击波载荷和破片载荷以及钢板在联合载荷作用下的变形破坏模式,并与试验进行对比。结果表明,数值计算结果与试验结果较为吻合;炸药底部中心处预制破片的初速最高,边缘处最低;在试验工况下,冲击波先于破片作用于结构,破片群总动能远大于爆轰产物及冲击波传递给结构的动能,破片群是造成钢板中心出现冲塞破口的主要因素,应作为防护结构的主要设计载荷。     

冲击载荷下加筋板非线性瞬态分析

本文用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在，忽略筋截面上的剪切应力，引入板的应力函数，采用离散加筋板模型，运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式，运用迦辽金法，将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统，采用数值方法来求解。本文最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。     

Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

Dynamic response of stiffened plate under internal blast: Experimental and numerical investigation

Stiffened plates are the basic units of ships, aircraft and other structures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic response of stiffened plates under internal blast loading. A combined experimental and numerical investigation was carried out on the cabin structures with unstiffened, single-stiffened and double-stiffened plates. The characteristics of internal blast wave, the effects of stand-off distance and the stiffener position on the deflection and failure modes of stiffened plates were sequentially analyzed. It was interestingly found that the deflection first decreased and then increased with the increase of stand-off distance. Additionally, despite of the reinforcement on the deformation resistance, the stiffeners tended to reduce the damage tolerance of the target plates. This research provides the basic data and theoretical support for the blast resistance design of ships, aircraft and other structures.     

门机臂架纵筋失效对其局部稳定性和动刚度的影响

定量分析箱型结构起重臂下翼缘纵向加劲杆失效对其局部稳定性和动刚度的影响 ,揭示港口门机普遍存在的起重臂受压翼缘板波浪度增大及振动加剧这 2种现象之间的内在联系 ,指出提高其振动基频的有效方法。     

Bend stiffener linear viscoelastic thermo-mechanical analysis. Part I — Experimental characterization and mathematical formulation

Bend stiffeners are subjected to cyclic loading during offshore operation or when subjected to a controlled full-scale qualification test. Due to the viscoelastic nature of the polyurethane, energy is dissipated within the material volume and the structure may experience a temperature increase, a phenomenon known as self-heating. The top connection is a flexible riser critical region in terms of fatigue, being the bend stiffener the main responsible for curvature control. As the curvature distribution is highly affected by the nonlinear time–temperature bend stiffener response, a detailed thermo-mechanical assessment may become relevant for riser lifetime and polyurethane material failure assessment, specially during accelerated full-scale tests. In the present paper (Part I), the polyurethane experimental characterization and steady-state thermo-mechanical mathematical formulation are presented for the bend stiffener self-heating assessment. A steady-state formulation is derived for a temperature dependent linear viscoelastic large deflection beam model to estimate the heat generation during harmonic tip loading. The temperature field distribution is calculated through a three-dimensional steady-state thermal model considering the viscoelastic heat calculated from the mechanical model with an iterative scheme. Stress relaxation tests are performed at different temperatures to determine the viscoelastic properties followed by thermal properties characterization through differential scanning calorimetry and by the Flash method to determine the specific heat, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, respectively. In a companion paper (Part II) the iterative numerical scheme is detailed and a case study presented.     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。     

局部加强的含裂纹板应力强度因子分析

对含裂纹板局部焊接加强板条的断裂问题进行了分析计算.考虑加强板条的横向刚度和纵向刚度的影响,将加强板条对裂纹板的作用力离散化为作用在沿加强板条方向的有限个作用点处,由含裂纹板的复应力函数解法进行求解.文中分别就加强板条位置和加强板条相对刚度对裂纹板加强作用的影响进行了计算分析.计算结果表明,加强板条纵向刚度对降低裂纹板的应力强度因子起主要作用,提高加强板条刚度有利于降低结构应力强度因子,提高结构承载能力.     

船舶大舵角转向时艏摇与横摇的耦合仿真研究

摘要：为进一步研究船舶在大幅度转向时艏摇和横摇的耦合机制,在非线性船舶运动数学模型的基础上,进行了不同情形下的操纵仿真试验。试验结果显示在大舵角转向时,船舶的艏摇和横摇运动存在较强的耦合作用,横摇幅度和艏摇幅度存在正相关性。指出大幅度的横摇使艏摇出现相位滞后和偏离基准航向的现象;在横摇过大的情况下,大幅度动舵和加速操纵将导致稳性迅速消失和航向打横。     

弹塑性裂纹前端部分加强板的止裂效果分析

通过建立Dugdale模型,对裂纹前端部分加强的含裂纹板弹塑性情况下的韧性断裂问题进行了研究.实例计算并分析了加强板条的位置、相对刚度等参数对结构断裂参数的影响,亦对加强板条的止裂作用进行了分析.计算结果表明,裂纹前端布置加强板条能有效地降低裂纹尖端的开口位移,阻止裂纹的扩展,其止裂作用受加强板条的位置、结构参数及加强板条与含裂纹板的材料参数等诸多因素的影响.     

裂纹前端局部加强板的韧性断裂分析

对局部加强含裂纹板的弹塑性断裂问题进行了分析计算.建立了裂纹前端局部加强的裂纹板弹塑性分析的Dug-dale模型,以裂纹尖端开口位移CTOD为断裂参数,就加强复板位置、结构参数及加强复板与裂纹板材料参数等因素对结构止裂性能的影响进行了分析计算.结果表明,在裂纹前端进行局部加强使裂纹尖端的塑性区长度减小,且降低了裂纹尖端的开口位移CTOD,能有效地阻止裂纹扩展.提高加强复板相对刚度有利于改善裂纹尖端状态,提高结构的承载能力.