Experimental and numerical investigations on laser-welded corrugated-core sandwich panels subjected to air blast loading

Experimental investigations on the laser-welded triangular corrugated core sandwich panels and equivalent solid plates subjected to air blast loading are presented. The experiments were conducted in an explosion tank considering three levels of blast loading. Results show that the maximum deflection, core web buckling and core compaction increased as the decrease of stand-off distance. Back face deflections of sandwich panels were found to be nearly half that of equivalent solid plates at the stand-off distances of 100 mm and 150 mm. At the closest stand-off distance of 50 mm, the panel was found to fracture and fail catastrophically. Autodyn-based numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of sandwich panels. A good agreement was observed between the numerical calculations and experimental results. The model captured most of the deformation/failure modes of panels. Finally, the effects of face sheet thickness and core web thickness on the dynamic response of sandwich panel were discussed.     

A computational investigation of the effects of both-sides general corrosion on the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour and strength of stiffened plates

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the post-buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of imperfect corroded stiffened steel plates used in ships and other marine-related structures. A series of elastic–plastic large deflection finite element analyses is performed on stiffened steel plates suffering general corrosion wastage with random distribution. General corrosion is introduced into the finite element models using a random thickness surface model. The effects of corroded stiffened plate parameters on the post-buckling and ultimate strengths are evaluated in detail. The stiffeners of different symmetrical or unsymmetrical cross-sections are introduced into the models for analysis. Some distinctions are explored and highlighted between the behaviours of steel plates suffering general corrosion in unstiffened and stiffened cases. Finally, a proposal is given in order to simulate the average stress–average strain relationship of stiffened steel plates having both-surface general corrosion wastage.     

爆炸载荷作用下单向加筋板的塑性动力响应分析

从加筋板面板以及加强筋的运动方程出发,分析了爆炸载荷作用下单根加筋固支方板的大挠度塑性动力响应。分析表明:加筋板的运动,取决于加强筋的相对刚度以及载荷峰值的大小,将呈现出3种不同的模式。研究仅限于讨论加筋板的总体变形模式,具体讨论了单向加筋固支方板在忽略弯矩影响下的薄膜解法。得到的理论结果与已有的试验结果在多数情况下符合良好,表明简化理论分析方法能对爆炸载荷下单向加筋固支方板的永久变形做出较为合理的预报。     

Design method for steel deck plates under quasi-static patch loads with allowable plastic deformations

Plastic deformation of plates in steel deck structures under heavy vehicle or helicopter wheel loads is common in ships and offshore structures, and is therefore of significant interest to designers of ro-ro/cargo ships, helicopter-carrying ships and offshore platforms. To provide insight into the plastic deformation of plates, the nonlinear elasto-plastic response of stiffened steel plates loaded quasi-statically by a central rigid rectangular indenter is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerically-determined stiffened plate permanent deflections compare well with those obtained experimentally. The concept of applying the elasto-plastic method to the design of deck plates under wheel patch loads is introduced, and the design principle of wheel patch loaded plating is studied together with the design criteria. A simple design formula to determine plating thickness is proposed based on an acceptable level of permanent set. Ship-mounted helideck plating design cases are given to illustrate the elasto-plastic method, and comparisons are made between the thicknesses derived using the proposed design formula and those found from Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) and DNV-GL rule requirements.     

Blast loaded plates

Plates form one of the basic elements of structures. Land-based structures may be subjected to air blast loads during combat environment or terrorist attack, while marine structures may be subjected to either air blast by the attack of a missile above the water surface or an underwater explosion by the attack of a torpedo or a mine or a depth charge and an aircraft structure may be subjected to an in-flight attack by on-board explosive devices. Furthermore, gas explosion occurs in offshore installations and industries. This review focuses on the phenomenological evolution of blast damage of plates.     

Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression

This paper presents extensive non-linear finite element (FE) analysis and formulation development work carried out on the ultimate compressive strength of plates and stiffened panels of ship structures. A review of contemporary designs for large ships was carried out. The existing formulae for plate ultimate compressive strength were reviewed and compared with non-linear FE analysis results. A semi-analytical formula for ultimate compressive strength assessments of stiffened panels was proposed and is described. The developed formula was verified against results using ABAQUS non-linear FE software for a series of 61 stiffened panels and a good agreement between the proposed formula and FE results were achieved. The method was verified against a large number of published FE results and was also compared with 58 experimental results. The developed method was also applied to the deck and bottom structures for a range of various sizes oil tankers and bulk carriers.     

Dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflection

Study on the dynamic response, and especially the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates is complicated by their discontinuity and inhomogeneity. The finite element method （FEM） and the finite strip method are usually adopted in their analysis. Although many useful conclusions have been obtained, the computational cost is enormous. Based on some assumptions, the dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflections was theoretically investigated herein by a singly symmetric beam model. Firstly, the deflection conditions that a plastic string must satisfy were obtained by the linearized moment-axial force interaction curve for singly symmetric cross sections and the associated plastic flow rule. Secondly, the possible motion mechanisms of the beam under different load intensity were analysed in detail. For structures with plastic deformations, a simplified method was then given that the arbitrary impact load can be replaced equivalently by a rectangular pulse. Finally, to confirm the validity of the proposed method, the dynamic plastic response of a one-way stiffened plate with four fully clamped edges was calculated. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those of FEM. It indicates that the present calculation model is easy and feasible, and the equivalent substitution of load almost has no influence on the final deflection.     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the response of stiffened plates subjected to lateral collisions

Rational structural design of ships or offshore platforms against collisions requires prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates generated by lateral impact. In predicting the extent of collision damage, most researchers employ numerical analysis methods using commercial software packages. Like other structural problems, any nonlinear dynamic analysis methods should be substantiated with relevant test data prior to being employed for design. Unfortunately, full-scale collision tests on marine structures are very rare. Still, results from collision tests on marine structural elements can help to substantiate theoretical methods for collision analyses. Lateral collision test data for unstiffened plates are available, but it is difficult to find results from tests on stiffened plates in the open literature. In this paper, the results of lateral collision tests on 33 stiffened plates are reported. A simplified analytical method is developed for the prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates due to lateral collisions and this method is substantiated with the test results. Also proposed is a simple criterion with which the occurrence of crack damage can be judged.     

加筋板整体屈曲临界应力计算与分析

利用解析法对加筋板稳定性进行了研究,忽略材料非线性的影响,利用理论方法求解四边简支加筋板的整体屈曲临界应力。对有一根加强筋的加筋板,定义板的挠曲函数,将其代入边界方程和协调方程,求解线性方程组的特征方程得到加筋板的临界应力。对有2根或多根加强筋的规则加筋板,利用能量法导出统一计算的公式得到临界应力。最后,利用有限元软件Abaqus和Nastran进行数值仿真,与理论解比较后得出本文计算方法是正确的,可以准确求解加筋板的稳定性问题。     

典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性

[目的]为研究典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性,将舱内爆炸载荷分为初始爆炸冲击波载荷和准静态气压载荷,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA开展爆炸载荷下固支单向加筋板毁伤特性的数值模拟。[方法]主要模拟载荷冲量相等和载荷峰值相等时固支单向加筋板的变形特性,以及加筋板分别在初始爆炸冲击波载荷、准静态气压载荷及2种载荷联合作用下的毁伤特性,并分析上述载荷作用下加筋板的变形特点。[结果]结果表明:当作用在加筋板上的冲量相等、载荷作用时间小于0.05倍垂向一阶自振周期时,加筋板的最终挠度值处于最大值附近;当载荷峰值相同时,存在饱和冲量值,达到饱和冲量值以后,载荷作用时间不再影响加筋板的最终变形。[结论]在舱内爆炸载荷作用下,加筋板的最终变形不是2种载荷作用下的简单叠加,2种载荷的联合作用会增强毁伤效果。     

Patran的PCL语言在板格和加筋板极限强度计算中的运用

用Fortran编写程序生成Patran的.ses文件,可将任意指定的初始挠度施加到要计算分析极限强度的光板和加筋板结构模型中去.具体分析6块光板和4块加筋板结构的极限强度,计算结果表明,该方法可以模拟任意复杂的变形形式,从而更加准确地计算和评估加筋板结构的极限强度.     

局部板架的振动计算研究

采用直接简化计算的方法对船上常见的局部板架结构的固有频率进行计算和分析研究。考虑到船上常见的局部板架结构和板架所处环境的不同,分3种不同类型的板架,同时考虑所处空间介质和船体内环境的不同,分别进行研究和计算;与激励源相比后适当修改板架的设计加强方式,以达到初期设计阶段避免船体局部共振的目的。     

含点蚀损伤船体加筋板在纵向压力下的极限强度

针对老龄化船舶结构上的点状腐蚀,利用非线性有限元方法进行计算,分析304个船体加筋板的极限强度,探讨带板柔度、加强筋柔度、腐蚀面积比和腐蚀深度比对纵向压力下含点蚀损伤船体加筋板极限强度的影响,拟合出点状腐蚀下船体加筋板极限强度折减公式并对其适用性进行验证,研究结果具有一定的工程参考意义和价值。     

冲击载荷下加筋板非线性瞬态分析

本文用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在，忽略筋截面上的剪切应力，引入板的应力函数，采用离散加筋板模型，运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式，运用迦辽金法，将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统，采用数值方法来求解。本文最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。     

面内流固冲击载荷下板结构的弹塑性动态屈曲及失效

一种简单的半解析方法用来研究板结构的动态弹塑性屈曲及失效.考虑材料和几何非线性,忽略面内位移和面内惯量,运用能量变分原理以及增量伽辽金方法得到面内流固冲击载荷下板以及加筋板的弹塑性动态屈曲增量控制方程,采用数值方法求解,并通过算例分析了几何参数以及冲击载荷的影响.     

无加筋平板极限强度的简化解析法与规范公式的比较

无加筋板是船舶结构的主要构件之一，船舶结构强度校核的一项重要内容就是校核各平板单元是否具备足够的强度储备。最近几年，作者们采用弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析相结合的简化解析方法，曾给出了板和加筋板格在联合载荷作用下的极限强度计算公式，并与部分实验值相比，吻合较好，但没有与目前船级社所采用的规范计算公式作过比较。现作这一比较工作，也包括与有限元分析的比较；同时对以前所开发的简化解析法又作了进一步的改进，文章报道这一改进结果。最后，采用上述三种方法，对影响平板极限强度的几个主要参数进行了研究，结果表明，简化解析法与规范计算公式吻合较好。     

腹板开孔的H型梁在压弯载荷下的失效行为和强度试验研究

腹板开孔的H型钢梁在船舶,航空器和海洋平台结构作为受弯构件被广泛运用。已有众多文献报道过关于腹板开孔梁遭受腹板卷曲破坏的情况,但腹板开孔加强遭受面板屈曲的情况未有详尽调查。因此文中开展6组试件的试验研究来调查腹板开孔的H型梁的失效行为和极限承载力,结果显示开孔影响了试件屈曲波的长度和数量。该研究结果可用于几何尺寸相似的实际结构。     

垂直围壁对爆炸载荷作用下固支方板动力响应特性影响分析

采用数值仿真方法研究了垂直围壁对爆炸载荷作用下固支方板动力响应特性的影响.提出包含角的概念来反映围壁高度的变化.采用控制变量法对264组具有垂直围壁方板模型的动力响应进行了计算,分析了包含角、炸药质量、板厚、相对爆距等变量对方板所受爆炸冲量和中心点位移的影响.结果表明,垂直围壁会增大目标方板所受爆炸冲量,当围壁高度增大到一定程度后,爆炸冲量趋于一定值;无量纲冲量-I仅与包含角和相对爆距有关,并提出了相应经验公式.文中同时提出了一个考虑垂直围壁影响的中心点挠厚比计算公式,并对其适用范围进行了讨论.     

Prediction of slamming pressure considering fluid-structure interaction. Part II: Derivation of empirical formulations

This is Part II in a series of papers. Part I [1] investigated the slamming responses of flexible flat stiffened steel and aluminum plates using the nonlinear explicit finite element code LS-Dyna with the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) solver. Subsequently, a simplified finite element FSI model of water hitting structures that is realistically close to the slamming phenomenon occurring on the bottom part of offshore structures was proposed. The proposed FSI methodology presented in Part I was verified by comparison with the relevant test data. It was evident that the use of the proposed numerical method presented in Part I was very effective for a benchmarking investigation of slamming load considering the hydroelastic effect. However, the method required much effort in terms of computation time and power analysis resources. The present study, Part II, aimed, as an alternative to the FSI analysis approach, to develop empirical formulae for prediction of slamming loads acting on deformable flat stiffened plates used in marine applications. This paper begins by describing the limitations of the existing approaches based on theoretical, experimental and even numerical studies conducted in the past for estimation of slamming loads. Next, it presents, based on the simulation methodology developed in Part I, rigorous parametric studies that had been performed on actual scantlings of marine-seagoing structures. The effects of structural geometry and water impact velocity on slamming pressure are then investigated in detail. Subsequently, the parametric results are analyzed and utilized to derive empirical formulations for the prediction of slamming loads acting on flat stiffened plates of marine structures. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed formulations are established by comparison with the results of the test and other existing formulations. The proposed formulations are expected to be used for the purposes of the design without any time-consuming FSI analysis of advanced and optimal structures that are robust to slamming.     

基于ALE算法的无转角和有转角铝制加筋板楔形体水弹性砰击的数值模拟研究

文章采用基于任意拉格朗日—欧拉(ALE)算法的显式有限元技术研究水弹性砰击现象,针对已开展的铝制加筋板楔形体结构入水砰击模型实验,开展了数值模拟比较工作。该楔形体底部斜升角为20度,底部两侧是包含三根纵骨和两根横梁的加筋板结构,两侧结构刚度不同。预报了模型无转角和有转角典型工况的砰击入水过程,得到的入水加速度、底部加筋板结构纵骨应力和横梁响应与模型实验结果吻合较好。研究表明该ALE算法具备模拟船舶局部结构的水弹性砰击流固耦合问题的能力。