具有化学废热回收功能的船舶推进系统效率分析（英文）

One of the basic ways to reduce polluting emissions of ship power plants is application of innovative devices for on-board energy generation by means of secondary energy resources. The combined gas turbine and diesel engine plant with thermochemical recuperation of the heat of secondary energy resources has been considered. It is suggested to conduct the study with the help of mathematical modeling methods. The model takes into account basic physical correlations, material and thermal balances, phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer processes. The paper provides the results of mathematical modeling of the processes in a gas turbine and diesel engine power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the gas turbine exhaust gas heat by converting a hydrocarbon fuel. In such a plant, it is possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine by 20%. The waste heat potential in a gas turbine can provide efficient hydrocarbon fuel conversion at the ratio of powers of the diesel and gas turbine engines being up to 6. When the diesel engine and gas turbine operate simultaneously with the use of the LNG vapor conversion products, the efficiency coefficient of the plant increases by 4%–5%.     

LNG船的燃气和蒸汽轮机推进器(英文)

Propulsion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) ships is undergoing significant change. The traditional steam plant is losing favor because of its low cycle efficiency. Medium-speed diesel-electric and slow-speed diesel-mechanical drive ships are in service, and more are being built. Another attractive alternative is combined gas and steam turbine (COGAS) drive. This approach offers significant advantages over steam and diesel propulsion. This paper presents the case for the COGAS cycle.     

Turbine speed control system based on a fuzzy-PID

The flexibility demand of marine nuclear power plant is very high,the multiple parameters of the marine nuclear power plant with the once-through steam generator are strongly coupled,and the normal PID control of the turbine speed can't meet the control demand.This paper introduces a turbine speed Fuzzy-PID controller to coordinately control the steam pressure and thus realize the demand for quick tracking and steady state control over the turbine speed by using the Fuzzy control's quick dynamic response and PID control's steady state performance.The simulation shows the improvement of the response time and steady state performance of the control system.     

Turbine speed control system based on a fuzzy-PID

The flexibility demand of marine nuclear power plant is very high, the multiple parameters of the marine nuclear power plant with the once-through steam generator are strongly coupled, and the normal PID control of the turbine speed can＇t meet the control demand. This paper introduces a turbine speed Fuzzy-PID controller to coordinately control the steam pressure and thus realize the demand for quick tracking and steady state control over the turbine speed by using the Fuzzy control＇s quick dynamic response and PID control＇s steady state performance. The simulation shows the improvement of the response time and steady state performance of the control system.     

液化天然气海运船舶能效设计指数研究(英文)

This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas(LNG) carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters—fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas(BOG) volume to energy efficiency design index(EEDI) formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers' reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.     

Application of LES in the study of inlet flow field in marine gas turbine

The structure and aerodynamics performance of gas turbine inlet system is an important part of technology of gas turbine installed on naval vessels. The design and numerical simulations of gas turbine inlet system are conducted and reliable foundation for design and manufacture of marine gas turbine inlet system of high performance is provided. Numerical simulations and experiments of two inlet system models of gas turbine are conducted with satisfactory results and are of significance to the actual application of the inlet system.     

Research on Energy Efficiency Design Index for Sea-going LNG Carriers

This paper describes the characteristics of liquefied natural gas （LNG） carriers briefly. The LNG carrier includes power plant selection, vapor treatment, liquid cargo tank type, etc. Two parameters fuel substitution rate and recovery of boil of gas （BOG） volume to energy efficiency design index （EEDI） formula are added, and EEDI formula of LNG carriers is established based on ship EEDI formula. Then, based on steam turbine propulsion device of LNG carriers, mathematical models of LNG carriers＇ reference line value are established in this paper. By verification, the EEDI formula of LNG carriers described in this paper can provide a reference for LNG carrier EEDI calculation and green shipbuilding.     

一种用于船舶汽轮机的安全且经济的启动加速概念（英文）

This paper analyses the issue of accelerated start-up of a marine steam turbine, which is an important problem because the start-up of a steam machine involves the combustion of fuel that is not transformed into useful energy. To find novel technologies that offer improvements in this aspect is essential due to restrictions on reducing ship emissions. Thus, the shorter the start-up time, the better for the environment and economy. High-pressure(HP) part of the turbine originally located on the Q...     

Modeling a high output marine steam generator feedwater control system which uses parallel turbine-driven feed pumps

Parallel turbine-driven feedwater pumps are needed when ships travel at high speed. In order to study marine steam generator feedwater control systems which use parallel turbine-driven feed pumps, a mathematical model of marine steam generator feedwater control system was developed which includes mathematical models of two steam generators and parallel turbine-driven feed pumps as well as mathematical models of feedwater pipes and feed regulating valves. The operating condition points of the parallel ttu-bine-driven feed pumps were calculated by the Chebyshev curve fit method. A water level controller for the steam generator and a rotary speed controller for the turbine-driven feed pumps were also included in the model. The accuracy of the mathematical models and their controllers was verified by comparing their results with those from a simulator.     

采用蒸汽再加热的船用蒸汽推进装置冷凝加热系统的热力学分析（英文）

The thermodynamic(energy and exergy) analysis of a condensate heating system, its segments, and components from a marine steam propulsion plant with steam reheating is performed in this paper. It is found that energy analysis of any condensate heating system should be avoided because it is highly influenced by the measuring equipment accuracy and precision. All the components from the observed marine condensate heating system have energy destructions lower than 3 kW, while the energy efficiencies of this system are higher than 99%. The exergy efficiency of closed condensate heaters continuously increases from the lowest to the highest steam pressures(from 70.10% to 92.29%). The ambient temperature variation between 5 °C and 45 °C notably influences the exergy efficiency change of both low pressure heaters and the low pressure segment equal to 31.61%,12.37%, and 18.35%, respectively.     

Overview of past, present and future marine power plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NO _x and SO _x emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel cells as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.     

大型商船燃蒸柴联合循环动力系统设计与分析

以17万m^3液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)运输船为母型船,选取LM2500燃气轮机为主动力装置,联合蒸汽轮机和2台W?rtsil?12V34DF双燃料柴油机,设计出一套燃-蒸-柴联合循环动力系统。利用Aspen HYSYS软件模拟系统流程,经模拟与分析计算,该系统的设计方案合理可行,并得出燃气轮机负荷下的燃气轮机发电效率及其输出效率、燃蒸联合发电效率及其系统输出效率,各系统参数随燃气轮机负荷的增大呈现不同幅度的增大。将该系统的系统输出效率与柴油机的动力系统输出效率进行对比分析,结果表明:在理想工况下,两种系统的系统输出效率相当;在定速工况下,该系统的系统输出效率与柴油机的系统输出效率相比略低,而燃气轮机的NOx、SOx排放量较小,满足新公约要求。因此,该系统有很好的船舶实际应用价值。     

Thermodynamic analysis of alternative marine fuels for marine gas turbine power plants

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.     

船用燃气轮机动力装置替代燃料的热力学分析（英文）

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases(GHGs) from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.     

多种热力循环在船舶热能发电系统中的应用

发展和应用船舶柴油机热能发电技术是实现航运业节能减排的重要途径之一。围绕蒸汽朗肯循环、有机朗肯循环、卡琳娜循环和布雷顿循环4种应用于船舶主机烟气余热回收利用领域的热力循环，介绍各循环的基本原理和工质选择，并进行装置效率对比，对以热力循环为基本原理的船舶柴油机热能发电系统的研究现状和发展趋势进行总结。论文研究认为：有机朗肯循环拥有相对较高的热能回收发电效率，而以S-CO2为循环工质的布雷顿循环拥有更显著的船舶热能回收发电应用前景，在探求可联合“契合点”的基础上建立以“蒸汽-有机朗肯联合循环系统”为代表的两种甚至两种以上循环方式的联合热力循环余热回收发电系统是提升船舶热能发电整体效率的重要手段。     

Analysis of Efficiency of the Ship Propulsion System with Thermochemical Recuperation of Waste Heat

One of the basic ways to reduce polluting emissions of ship power plants is application of innovative devices for on-board energy generation by means of secondary energy resources. The combined gas turbine and diesel engine plant with thermochemical recuperation of the heat of secondary energy resources has been considered. It is suggested to conduct the study with the help of mathematical modeling methods. The model takes into account basic physical correlations, material and thermal balances, phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer processes. The paper provides the results of mathematical modeling of the processes in a gas turbine and diesel engine power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the gas turbine exhaust gas heat by converting a hydrocarbon fuel. In such a plant, it is possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine by 20%. The waste heat potential in a gas turbine can provide efficient hydrocarbon fuel conversion at the ratio of powers of the diesel and gas turbine engines being up to 6. When the diesel engine and gas turbine operate simultaneously with the use of the LNG vapor conversion products, the efficiency coefficient of the plant increases by 4%–5%.     

Performance analysis of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack operated under marine environmental conditions

The marine environmental condition, especially NaCl, has been identified as one of the major sources of contamination on the performance of open cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) system, when the power source is based on fuel cells for marine applications like submarines, navy ships etc., In the present paper, we have studied the performance of PEMFCs under the marine environment for a longer duration and also the recovery mechanism of the PEMFC power pack after contamination. It has been observed that the NaCl is a major contaminant for PEMFC, compared to NO _x and SO _x , which are major contaminants for fuel cells operating in the land regions. We have observed a performance loss of 60 % in PEMFC, when operated for 48 h, due to poisoning of PEMFC by NaCl vapours. The recovery of the stack is attempted by repeated water washing on the cathode side of the fuel cell, presuming that the salts get deposited only on the surface of the electrodes and the performance is easily recoverable. The recovery mechanisms are analysed by constant-current discharging operation and by modified experimental methods and are reported here. The performance vagaries in fuel cells due to sea water contamination is also analysed by linear fit and it is found that the rate of power increment after water wash is higher than the rate of power increment, around 11.5 W/10?h compared to normal environmental conditions, which is 4.1 W/10?h.     

对发展大功率船用燃气轮机的新思考

提出利用成熟的简单循环船用燃气轮机将其派生为一型间冷循环大功率船用燃气轮机的新构想,并且原发动机燃气发生器的通流部分和结构大部分保持不变,以继承原机的可靠性。用1台实际发动机作为案例进行的分析研究表明,采用间冷循环,并精心匹配,在燃气轮机的功率显著增加(约28%)的同时,其效率也可略有提升(约3%),具有工程实施价值。     

基于PID的船用汽轮机功频控制系统

根据船用汽轮机的热力学原理与汽轮机功率模型,设计一种基于常规PID的船用汽轮机功频控制系统,并运用Matlab/Simulink仿真模块对其进行仿真计算。结果表明,当二回路负荷发生变化时,该控制系统可通过调节汽轮机的进汽量,使汽轮机的功率能够快速跟踪发电机功率的变化,并维持汽轮机的转速(频率)不变。