破损船体极限强度非线性有限元分析

本文基于通用有限元系统,结合船体破损机理和初始缺陷处理方法,建立船体极限强度非线性有限元分析的完整框架.利用对水面舰船和双壳油船极限强度模型试验的比较验证,合理解决非线性有限元分析的关键技术,并对完整和破损船体极限强度进行非线性有限元法分析.然后,在模型试验和非线性有限元分析的基础上提出面向设计的适合破损船体和双向弯曲状态的船体极限强度分析的改进解析方法.     

初始缺陷对加筋板结构极限强度的影响研究

采用非线性有限元软件Ansys研究包含3种初始缺陷加筋板结构在单轴压缩载荷作用下极限强度的变化趋势,即初始变形、残余应力和凹陷.以单筋单跨加筋板模型为研究对象,考虑初始变形,不同半径及不同速度的撞击球所形成的凹陷及残余应力对加筋板极限强度的影响.结果表明,初始缺陷的存在降低了结构的极限承载力,而且缺陷的叠加作用比单独缺陷存在时对结构极限强度的影响大;加筋板的极限强度随着凹陷深度的加深而减小;3种初始缺陷中,残余应力相对于初始变形和凹陷对结构极限强度的削弱影响更大.     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

A computational investigation of the effects of both-sides general corrosion on the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour and strength of stiffened plates

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the post-buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of imperfect corroded stiffened steel plates used in ships and other marine-related structures. A series of elastic–plastic large deflection finite element analyses is performed on stiffened steel plates suffering general corrosion wastage with random distribution. General corrosion is introduced into the finite element models using a random thickness surface model. The effects of corroded stiffened plate parameters on the post-buckling and ultimate strengths are evaluated in detail. The stiffeners of different symmetrical or unsymmetrical cross-sections are introduced into the models for analysis. Some distinctions are explored and highlighted between the behaviours of steel plates suffering general corrosion in unstiffened and stiffened cases. Finally, a proposal is given in order to simulate the average stress–average strain relationship of stiffened steel plates having both-surface general corrosion wastage.     

Probabilistic modelling of the ultimate strength of ship plates with non-uniform corrosion

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of probabilistic modelling of the ultimate strength of ship plates with non-uniform corrosion represented by random fields. The load-shortening behaviour of the plates with non-uniform reduction of thickness due to corrosion under longitudinal compression is obtained using a general-purpose nonlinear finite element analysis program. A nonlinear time-dependent corrosion model is used to define the probabilistic characteristics of the random fields based on corrosion data measured in plate elements at different locations of bulk carriers. Based on the probabilistic models derived by Monte Carlo simulation, equations to predict the mean and the 5 % characteristic value of the ultimate strength of plates with non-uniform corrosion are developed. Finally a regression equation is proposed to take into account the effect of non-uniform corrosion patterns in the predictions of the ultimate strength of plates with uniform corrosion.     

Comparisons of calculations with experiments on the ultimate strength of wide stiffened panels

Five specimens of wide stiffened panel with four stiffeners under axial compression until collapse are studied with a nonlinear finite element analysis and Common Structural Rules to compare with the experimental results. The stiffened panel models have two longitudinal bays to produce reasonable boundary condition at the end of edges. Tension tests have been conducted to obtain the material properties of the steel that are used in the finite element analysis. Three boundary condition configurations are adopted to investigate their influence on the collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels. A displacement transducer was used to measure the initial geometrical imperfections of the stiffened plates. The collapse behaviour of the stiffened panels is analysed in finite element analysis with the measured initial imperfections and with nominal imperfections. An equivalent initial imperfection is validated for the ultimate strength of stiffened panel under compressive load until collapse for the panels under consideration. With the same imperfection amplitude, the shape of the column-type initial deflection of stiffeners affects significantly the collapse shape, but only slightly the ultimate strength and the mode of collapse of the stiffened panels. The 1/2 + 1 + 1/2 bays model with restrained boundary condition BC3 gives an adequate FE modelling and is possible to be fabricated in experiment.     

含凹陷损伤FPSB典型加筋板剩余极限强度研究

本文选取一型FPSB典型加筋板结构,在考虑初始缺陷的情况下采用非线性元法,通过对比研究,选定了(1/2 1 1/2)的加筋板模型以及合适的边界条件、网格尺寸。分别研究了三种不同凹陷形状对加筋板极限强度的影响,选定了以弧形凹坑为主要研究对象的凹陷形式。分别研究了凹陷损伤加筋板随凹痕深度、凹痕长度、凹痕宽度、凹痕位置变化时结构在单轴受压情况下的极限强度变化情况。本文的计算结果可对此型FPSB加筋板结构在凹陷损伤后的极限强度评估提供一定的参考。     

考虑随机材料、尺寸及初始缺陷的加筋板结构极限强度研究

为获得加筋板结构极限强度的统计规律,考虑结构材料、尺寸及初始缺陷的随机性（其数值可以认为是满足某种分布规律的随机量）,采用Monte Carlo结合非线性有限元进行强度的研究。在验证非线性有限元准确性的基础上,取结构尺寸、初始缺陷幅值、材料参数为随机变量,采用数值实验、最大熵法及K-S检验拟合获得极限强度的概率密度函数。结果表明,在较少样本时最大熵法可准确获得统计规律,为结构可靠性分析中复杂结构抗力模型的研究提供参考。     

UR-S11A对大型集装箱船结构设计的影响研究

国际船级社协会针对集装箱船的新标准UR-S11A已于2016年7月1日正式生效,其对大型集装箱船结构设计的具体影响值得研究。以一艘13 500 TEU集装箱船为例,首先分析了UR-S11A相比UR-S11和劳氏船级社(LR)规范在强度校核上的差异,然后通过对总纵屈服强度、屈曲强度和极限强度的研究分析了新标准对船体结构的影响。结果表明,UR-S11A对在0.3~0.4船长处船体梁的总纵弯曲和极限强度的要求更高,部分纵舱壁板与外板的剪切和屈曲强度以及双层底桁材纵骨的屈曲强度受新规范影响较大。     

船体梁极限强度计算中的曲板“硬角”属性

为了解决极限强度计算时曲板能否作为硬角单元的问题,从曲板屈曲的规范公式出发,讨论曲板屈曲与几何参数的关系。采用非线性有限元程序对具有不同初始缺陷的多组曲板进行极限强度计算,研究初始缺陷对曲板极限屈曲强度的影响。依据是否发生屈曲,给出判定曲板归属硬角单元的判据。     

深海载人潜水器耐压球壳极限强度研究

对现有的潜水器耐压壳的研究主要都围绕薄壳结构,而深海载人潜水器耐压球壳,已属于厚壳的范围.国际上还没有均匀外压下厚球壳的解析解,只有美国海军泰勒水池耐压球壳设计公式及俄罗斯相应的公式可以参考.因此本文基于有限元的分析方法,对大深度载人潜水器耐压球壳极限强度进行了研究.通过对有限元参数的比较,提出了一个合理的有限元分析模型,计算结果与实验数据相符,而泰勒水池公式及俄罗斯公式的误差较大.然后计算了一系列半径厚度比下的耐压球壳的极限强度,并研究了初挠度的影响.本文认为对于深海载人潜水器耐压球壳可以直接根据有限元计算确定其极限强度,泰勒水池公式和俄罗斯公式偏于保守;耐压球壳经过精加工,初挠度对于其极限强度的影响不大.为了实用起见,本文还给出了完善耐压球壳极限强度与经典值的比值曲线,以及初挠度效应曲线.     

低周疲劳损伤对老化船舶结构剩余极限强度的影响

为了分析低周疲劳累积损伤对老化船舶结构剩余极限强度的影响,应用连续介质损伤力学方法,将损伤耗散余势和塑性应变理论相结合,建立船舶结构剩余极限强度低周疲劳累积损伤模型,得到老化船舶结构极限强度随低周疲劳累积损伤衰减的规律.运用此模型,给出船舶常用Q235钢材和45钢材剩余极限强度随低周疲劳累积损伤衰减规律的工程应用经验关系式,验证了方法的合理性和实用性,为进一步分析低周疲劳对老化船舶结构极限强度的影响奠定了基础.     

Imperfection study on lateral thermal buckling of subsea pipeline triggered by a distributed buoyancy section

Controlled lateral buckling is triggered by distributed buoyancy section at predesigned sites to release the axial force induced by high temperature and high pressure in subsea pipelines. Due to the larger diameter and smaller submerged weight of distributed buoyancy section, compared to the normal pipe section, imperfections are more easily introduced at the location of distributed buoyancy section. In this study, an analytical model is proposed to simulate lateral buckling triggered by a distributed buoyancy section for an imperfect subsea pipeline, which is validated by test data. Semi-analytical solutions are derived. First, snap-through buckling behaviour is discussed. Then the influence of initial imperfections on buckled configurations, post-buckling behaviour, displacement amplitude and maximum stress is discussed in detail. The results show that there is no snap-through phenomenon for large amplitude of initial imperfections, which appears only when the amplitude of imperfection is small enough. The displacement amplitude increases with the amplitude of initial imperfections, and it first increases and then decreases with wavelength of initial imperfection. Compared to a perfect pipeline, the maximum stress amplifies for relative small wavelength of initial imperfections. Therefore, a large enough wavelength of initial imperfection should be introduced.     

基于J积分的含裂纹加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度计算

为研究含裂纹加筋板的极限拉伸强度,本文建立一系列不同长细比、不同裂纹长度、不同裂纹位置的含裂纹加筋板有限元模型,并基于J积分理论对其在单轴拉伸载荷下的极限强度进行了计算。结果发现含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随加筋板长细比的增大略有减小,但减小的程度并不明显;含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度随裂纹长度的增大而减小,且减小的幅度逐渐增大;加强筋上的裂纹对含裂纹加筋板极限强度的影响小于底板上的裂纹,而裂纹同时出现在底板和加强筋上时对含裂纹加筋板极限拉伸强度的影响最大。表明含贯穿型裂纹的加筋板在单轴拉伸载荷下的剩余强度对加筋板长细比不敏感,而对裂纹长度较为敏感。     

纵向弯矩下材料随机特性对复合材料船体可靠性的影响

The effects of stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials under longitudinal moment were extensively studied using reliability and sensitivity calculations of a composite ship hull which was sagging.The reliability indices and failure probabilities of the ship in three kinds of failure modes (buckling,material failure,and ultimate collapse) were calculated by the surface response method and JC method.The importance factors of random variables in stochastic models,such as the model errors in predicting the ultimate longitudinal strength of ship and the longitudinal bending moment that the ship withstands,as well as the stochastic characteristics of materials in the models used,were calculated.Then,the effects of these random variables,including the stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability index and the failure probability of ships which were sagging,were discussed with their importance factors.The results show that the effects of stochastic characteristics of materials on the reliability of ship hulls made of composite materials should be considered during the reliability assessment of composite ships.Finally,some conclusions and recommendations were given for high-speed ship design and safety assessment.     

深海载人潜水器有开孔耐压球壳的极限强度

钛合金制深海载人潜水器耐压球壳属中厚度壳结构,上面设有人孔、观察窗等多个开孔,加工建造过程中又会产生初始缺陷,因此,这类结构的极限强度乃是设计者所必须关注的问题.本文利用ANSYS软件对上述有开孔耐压球壳的极限强度进行非线性有限元分析,计算了局部缺陷范围及幅值的变化对壳体极限强度的影响.计算结果表明,有围壁加强的开孔耐压球壳与无开孔耐压球壳的极限强度相差不大.     

Strength of ship plates under combined loading

Strength of ship plates plays a significant role in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structures. In recent years several authors have proposed simplified analytical methods to calculate the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. The majority of these investigations deal with plates subjected to longitudinal compression only. For real ship structural plating, the most general loading case is a combination of longitudinal stress, transverse stress, shear stress and lateral pressure. In this paper, the simplified analytical method is generalized to deal with such combined load cases. The obtained results indicate that the simplified analytical method is able to determine the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with imperfections in the form of welding-induced residual stresses and geometric deflections subjected to combined loads. Comparisons with experimental results show that the procedure has sufficient accuracy for practical applications in design.     

焊接残余应力对深潜器耐压球壳承载能力的影响

耐压球壳通常采用焊接方式将两个半球壳连接成整球,在焊缝处产生的接近材料屈服强度的焊接残余应力对球壳的承载能力有多大的影响,是否需要做焊后消除残余应力处理,将直接影响球壳的安全性和生产成本。而现有对球壳极限强度计算,无论是理论计算还是数值计算,均只考虑了球壳初始缺陷中的几何缺陷对球壳极限强度的影响。该文将在现有的耐压壳极限强度设计公式基础上,采用数值计算的方法对耐压球壳的焊接过程进行数值模拟,得到焊后球壳的焊接残余应力分布,并在此基础上考虑残余应力对球壳极限强度的影响,结果表明,对于大潜深厚球壳,焊接残余应力对耐压球壳承载能力影响不显著,为大深度潜器耐压球罐是否需做焊后消除残余应力处理提供了一定的参考依据。     

双向正交密加筋板的极限强度预报

采用数值分析方法,对一系列单轴受压的双向正交密加筋板进行了有限元非线性计算。基于有限元数值计算结果和正交异性板理论,引入纵向加强筋的柔度λx、横向加强筋的柔度λy以及密加筋板的柔度β这3个参数变量,提出了关于这3个参数变量的双向正交密加筋板极限强度预报公式。对3种类型加强筋的双向正交密加筋板的极限强度分析结果表明,预报公式结果与有限元计算结果的绝对误差很小,能准确预报双向正交密加筋板的极限强度。     

复杂应力状态下无筋板格极限强度研究

无筋板格是波浪中航行船舶的基本结构单元,精确评估无筋板格极限强度对保证船舶结构安全性具有重要意义.本文基于弹性大挠度理论分析和刚塑性分析,给出了复杂应力状态下无筋板格极限强度计算方法;定性的研究了各参数对无筋板格极限强度的影响;比较了剪应力与其它应力作用的合成分析方法和分离分析方法,验证了分离分析方法的可行性和高效性;开展了本文方法与经验公式及ABS规范公式的比较研究.