计及叶片载荷的双机对转式海流发电机系泊系统动力分析

本文设计了一种新型的双机对转式海流发电机并对其系泊系统与叶片载荷和直径关系进行模拟分析。首先将单机式海流发电机与已有研究进行对比验证其可靠性，然后在不改变系泊方式的前提下，设计出双机式结构，并通过分析机身位移和旋转比较两种系统的稳定性。为考虑叶片载荷对系泊系统影响，在Orcaflex中对不同精细程度的叶片进行建模，分别对比单一翼型/三翼型/九翼型的数值模拟结果。接着使用M-BEMT软件优化后的翼型参数，对比使用原始升阻力系数的三翼型发电机的模拟结果，同时将使用不同直径叶片的发电机系统进行对比，说明双机式发电机的稳定性更优，对海流发电机及其系泊系统的设计提供重要参考价值。     

水平轴海流能水轮机模型设计及试验研究

为了提高水平轴海流能水轮机的发电效率,利用叶素理论对叶片进行设计,采用维氏曲线对导管收缩段进口进行设计,类比环形堰堰面曲线对带前段导管进行设计,最终得到一种新型水平轴海流能水轮机模型,并通过拖拽试验对数值模拟结果进行了验证。研究成果表明:在水平轴海流能水轮机外围加装普通导管能够提高发电效率,带前段导管的效果更明显。研究成果有利于带导管水平轴海流能水轮机的优化设计。     

海流能轮机叶片翼型的水动力学特性模拟

基于卧式海流能发电装置,采用雷诺平均N-S方程,对来流攻角从0°~26°情形下的叶片翼型进行数值模拟,分析比较不同攻角下水动力学特性的变化规律。结果表明:一定范围内增加攻角可有效提高升阻比,但升力系数最大时,升阻比、水翼捕能效率不一定最高,失速角也不一定是最佳攻角,验证了水翼失速的根本原因是边界层的分离;水翼吸力面与压力面的压差较大,此压差为水翼提供较高的升力系数,主要来自于水翼的前半部。此外,还分析了水翼周围流场的速度分布、压力分布等水动力特性与攻角的关系,为设计高效的海流能转换叶片提供了理论参考。     

小型水流能发电装置设计与仿真

以达里厄型垂直轴式水流能发电装置为参考,设计适用于低水流速的发电装置。考虑到水流能发电装置在实际水域中的运行特点,以流体力学为理论基础,利用流体仿真软件Fluent对发电装置的翼型进行仿真分析和选型;选用MRF模型对水流能发电装置叶轮进行流场仿真分析,从能量捕获效率角度考虑,在发电装置的周围设置导流装置。研究结果表明,合适翼型的叶片能够明显提高发电效率;导流装置能够有效增加发电装置捕获水流动能的效率,发电装置能很好地满足设计要求。     

基于遗传算法的水平轴海流发电机叶片优化方法

提出一种基于遗传算法优化(GA)的水平轴海流发电机叶片优化方法,采用Xfoil和BEMT作为分析工具,适用于二维翼型和三维叶片的多目标优化,并以此为基础编写一套叶片优化程序。该优化方法在增加叶片获能效率和减小推力方面具有显著效果,同时对于翼型性能的提升也同样出色。     

利用大海的"血液"循环发电

对海流能的研究和利用,人类从很早以前就开始了。如远洋海轮顺着海流的方向航行,借助海流的动能,可以大大缩短航期。但应用海流发电的研究,则是近十几年才开始的。 海流发电是依靠海流的冲击力使水轮机旋转,然后再带动发电机发电。目前,海流发电站通常浮在海面上,用钢索和锚加以固定。     

基于流致振动的海流能发电技术及研究现状

海流能对增加能源来源、保护生态环境、应对气候变化、促进能源可持续发展等具有重要意义。我国沿海的该类能源流速较低，因此研发有效的低速海流发电装置成为该领域亟待解决的重要问题。基于流致振动的交替升力海流能发电技术具有很大潜力，对涡激振动与驰振的利用技术、流致振动海流能捕能系统的研究现状进行系统介绍，分析了当前研究的前沿技术及其可靠性，以及政策对流致振动商业化研究的影响，给出了未来研究的相关建议，为进一步研究基于流致振动的海流能发电技术提供参考。     

利用海流发电的新型伞锚研究

为了使远洋船舶在停泊时更加高效地运用所处位置的海流能量,本文提出设计了一种具有海流发电功能的新型船用发电装置,以实现船舶节能。该装置主要由伞锚和安装在伞锚中心的海流能发电装置构成。伞锚可以把流速较低的海流汇聚在一起得到高能量密度的海流。这些海流冲击水轮机,进而带动发电机运行,实现高效发电。     

海流能水轮机翼型水动力学特性分析

为探索海流能水轮机翼型水动力学特性变化规律,以NACA4412翼型为研究对象,验证了其适用于液体,分别以最大相对曲度及其所在位置、最大相对厚度及其所在位置为单一变量对翼型水动力学特性进行分析。结果表明:在满足材料承载能力和几何变形的前提下,为获取更高的捕能效率,应尽量增大翼型的最大相对曲度;攻角较小时应尽量减小翼型的最大相对厚度,否则反之;最大相对曲度或最大相对厚度的位置应尽量靠近翼型尾缘。     

水平轴风力机叶片翼型光冰结冰的数值研究

利用FLUENT UDF(user defined function)对水平轴风力机叶片翼型的光冰结冰进行了数值研究,得到了叶片翼型光冰结冰的形状及增长过程.对结冰翼型气动性能的分析结果表明:相对于洁净翼型,边界层在结冰翼型尾缘提前分离,并产生较大的分离涡,这将减少翼型的升力,同时增大阻力,其最大升阻比下降约40%,严重降低了叶片翼型的气动性能.对结冰的厚度分析表明:最大结冰厚度随着风速的增大而增大,且基本呈线性关系,最大结冰厚度随环境温度升高而降低.     

国际潮流能利用技术发展综述

潮流能是一种环保可再生的海洋新能源，随着世界各国重视潮流能的开发与利用，潮流能技术在国际上取得了不断突破。本文在简述国内外潮流能发电历程的基础上，重点介绍了近五年来国际潮流能技术现状及最新进展，对已建、在建的各种潮流能发电站的实验状况、实际并网发电应用情况进行了阐述，同时总结了各种潮流能水轮机的装机容量、累计发电量、额定功率等情况。通过国内外潮流能技术的应用分析，总结了目前潮流能开发利用存在的问题，并针对我国潮流能发展现状和趋势提出了几点建议。     

水翼艇及其控制方法综述

作为高速船舶中的一种,水翼艇以其优异的快速性、耐波性、操纵性及经济性等特点得到广泛的发展和应用。本文首先概述了水翼艇的发展历程,对国内外水翼艇的发展及现状进行了分析研究。重点总结了水翼艇的特点,以不同的角度对水翼艇进行了分类,对水翼艇的纵向控制方法研究进行了简要总结。最后,阐述了目前水翼艇研究存在的问题,对未来水翼艇的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Numerical study on active wave devouring propulsion

The possibility of extracting energy from gravity waves for marine propulsion was numerically studied by a two-dimensional oscillating hydrofoil in this study. The commercially available computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used for the unstructured grid based on the Reynolds-average Navier?CStokes equation. The free surface waves and motion of the flapping foil were implemented by customizing the FLUENT solver using a user-defined function technique. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing capabilities were fully utilized. The validation of the model was carried out using experimental data for an oscillation hydrofoil under the waves. The results of the simulation were investigated in detail in order to explain the increase of propeller efficiency in gravity waves. Eight design parameters were identified and it was found that some of them greatly affected the performance of wave energy extraction by the active oscillating hydrofoil. Finally, the overall results suggested that when the design parameters are correctly maintained, the present approach can increase the performance of the oscillating hydrofoil by absorbing energy from sea waves.     

振动半圆柱尾流中的二维摆动水翼推进性能研究

文章研究了粘性流场中半圆柱振动产生的旋涡对二维摆动水翼推进性能的影响。利用数值方法计算了振动半圆柱尾流中二维摆动水翼的水动力性能。计算结果表明,半圆柱涡和水翼涡之间存在4种相互作用模式。相反旋向的半圆柱涡和水翼涡相互作用时,摆动水翼的平均推力系数最大。相同旋向的半圆柱涡和水翼首缘涡相互作用并且最终融入到水翼尾缘涡时,摆动水翼能够从半圆柱涡中吸收能量。     

一种新型海洋能发电轮机水动力特性研究

摘 要：海洋发电轮机所处的海上作业环境恶劣，设备易发生故障且维修困难。基于三维势流理论，并结合ANSYS-AQWA软件，对风、浪、流荷载联合作用下的海洋能发电轮机的水动力特性进行研究，得出了发电轮机在工作工况及极限工况下的运动响应特性。结果表明，浮体运动响应幅值的最大值分别发生在遭遇艏斜浪和横浪时；其中极限工况下的运动响应幅值是工作工况下的3-10倍。该装置经过循环改型后水动力性能良好，能够满足实际的工程应用，本文提出的计算方法可以作为一种快速预报装置水动力特性的校核手段，满足工程设计阶段的需求。     

Overview of past, present and future marine power plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NO _x and SO _x emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel cells as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.     

无鼓风机侧壁式水翼气垫船

提出一种无鼓风机侧壁式水翼气垫船,巧妙地将水翼船和气垫船的功能原理结合起来,在航行时,船体底部能够有效形成高压气垫,同时由于船底后部水翼的作用,既具备了传统水翼船、气垫船航行时水的阻力小、航行速度快的优点,同时克服传统水翼船载重小、翼板材料要求高及传统气垫船能耗高、噪音大、稳定性差的缺点。船底设计成平底,相比传统尖底船,航行更平稳、不容易倾翻。此外,它省去了传统气垫船所要的鼓风机,大大降低成本,减少噪音,节约近50%的垫升能耗。     

海上风力机安装技术研究(英文)

Wind power has made rapid progress and should gain significance as an energy resource, given growing interest in renewable energy and clean energy. Offshore wind energy resources have attracted significant attention, as, compared with land-based wind energy resources, offshore wind energy resources are more promising candidates for development. Sea winds are generally stronger and more reliable and with improvements in technology, the sea has become a hot spot for new designs and installation methods for wind turbines. In the present paper, based on experience building offshore wind farms, recommended foundation styles have been examined. Furthermore, wave effects have been investigated. The split installation and overall installation have been illustrated. Methods appropriate when installing a small number of turbines as well as those useful when installing large numbers of turbines were analyzed. This investigation of installation methods for wind turbines should provide practical technical guidance for their installation.     

舰用燃气轮机研制过程中的试验研究

足够的试验是舰用燃气轮机研制过程中的必要环节,除进行常规的燃气轮机试验外,还要进行满足海上运行条件要求的试验.阐述舰用燃气轮机研制过程中的部分重要试验项目,分析了这些重要试验项目的试验目的和技术要求,最后介绍了几型具有代表性舰用燃气轮机研制过程中的试验情况.     

灌溉/降雨渠道中的水力发电水轮机的试验研究（英文）

The development of microchannels with open flow for use in irrigation and rainy areas is challenged by electricity generation via hydrokinetic devices in shallow and low velocity flows. Conventional hydrokinetic turbines are known to be highly dependent on current speed and water depth. Another drawback of conventional turbines is their low efficiency. These shortcomings lead to the need to accelerate the flow in the channel system to enhance the extracted power. The method of deploying a novel turbine configuration in irrigation channels can help overcome the low performance of conventional hydrokinetic turbines. Therefore, this study experimentally presents a bidirectional diffuser-augmented channel that includes dual cross flow/Banki turbines. Results show that the maximum efficiency of the overall system with two turbines is nearly 55.7%. The efficiency is low relative to that of hydraulic turbines.Nevertheless, the result can be considered satisfactory given the low head of the present system. The use of this system will contribute to a highly efficient utilization of flows in rivers and channels for electrical energy generation in rural areas.