海流发电机翼型研发进展及优化设计研究

随着化石能源不断枯竭和环保要求的不断提高,世界各国对海流能的开发利用愈加重视,各种利用海流流动动能发电的技术得到了不断突破。本文通过对国内外海流能发电的状况的调研,对叶片翼型的发展进行了总结,并对发电涡轮机叶片翼型的进行了分析和优化,提出了一种新的阻力较小的海流发电机翼型。     

粒子群算法在翼型剖面优化中的应用

为设计出具有良好升阻比性能的翼型剖面,采用智能优化领域新兴的粒子群优化算法(PSO)结合面元法对翼型进行优化设计。文中给出了PSO算法的数学模型及其在翼型优化设计中的主要计算过程,并以Naca66mod翼型为原型进行设计。获取了翼型优化过程中每一步处的翼型剖面形状、翼型表面压力系数分布以及翼型的升力系数、阻力系数和最大厚度比,结果分析表明经过优化后的翼型与原型相比,具有升力系数增加,阻力系数减小这一有利的特征改变。同时采用CFD方法对两种翼型进行数值模拟计算,获得同上的结论,进而验证了PSO方法在翼型优化设计中的可行性。     

基于粒子群算法的水翼剖面优化设计

水翼是船舶设计和各种水中运动装置设计的重要组成部分,在船舶海洋工程领域的应用十分广泛.采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对三维水翼翼型进行了以提高升阻比为目标的优化设计.翼型由解析函数线性叠加法表示,目标函数和粒子的适应度由基于面元法的流场数值解来提供.整个优化计算过程较传统的优化方法原理简单,计算量小,优化后的水翼型能较原翼型的水动力性能有明显改善.优化结果验证了粒子群优化算法结合面元法在水翼剖面优化设计中的可行性,对今后水翼剖面优化设计有一定借鉴意义。     

基于iSIGHT平台的翼型水动力优化

基于iSIGHT设计平台,结合计算流体力学软件Fluent对二维翼型NACA0012进行了多目标优化设计,以提高其水动力性能。设计过程中以雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程为主控方程,采用了邻域培植遗传算法(NCGA)和非支配解排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)为优化算法,对二维翼型进行优化。优化结果表明,翼型的水动力性能有了明显提高,其升力系数提高,升阻比提高,最小压力系数上升,上表面峰值减小。该优化方法可以推广到多种翼型,对于船用翼的研究都有一定的意义。     

计及叶片载荷的双机对转式海流发电机系泊系统动力分析

本文设计了一种新型的双机对转式海流发电机并对其系泊系统与叶片载荷和直径关系进行模拟分析。首先将单机式海流发电机与已有研究进行对比验证其可靠性，然后在不改变系泊方式的前提下，设计出双机式结构，并通过分析机身位移和旋转比较两种系统的稳定性。为考虑叶片载荷对系泊系统影响，在Orcaflex中对不同精细程度的叶片进行建模，分别对比单一翼型/三翼型/九翼型的数值模拟结果。接着使用M-BEMT软件优化后的翼型参数，对比使用原始升阻力系数的三翼型发电机的模拟结果，同时将使用不同直径叶片的发电机系统进行对比，说明双机式发电机的稳定性更优，对海流发电机及其系泊系统的设计提供重要参考价值。     

基于CFD的翼型水动力性能多目标优化设计

随着计算机技术的飞速发展,如何进一步发挥CFD在船舶工程优化设计中的作用,成为当前CFD应用研究的一个重点.文章通过集成CFD工具、优化算法和几何重构技术构建了基于CFD的构型水动力性能优化设计平台.以翼型作为优化对象,阻升比和尾流均匀度作为目标函数,采用Bezier曲线方法实现翼型几何表达与重构,利用DOE和NSGAⅡ算法对NACA0024翼型进行了多目标全局优化设计,获得了均匀分布的Pareto最优解集.结果表明该平台可以用于翼型水动力性能多目标优化设计.此外,文中的工作为进一步开展基于CFD的船型水动力优化设计打下了坚实的基础.     

水平轴风力机叶片翼型光冰结冰的数值研究

利用FLUENT UDF(user defined function)对水平轴风力机叶片翼型的光冰结冰进行了数值研究,得到了叶片翼型光冰结冰的形状及增长过程.对结冰翼型气动性能的分析结果表明:相对于洁净翼型,边界层在结冰翼型尾缘提前分离,并产生较大的分离涡,这将减少翼型的升力,同时增大阻力,其最大升阻比下降约40%,严重降低了叶片翼型的气动性能.对结冰的厚度分析表明:最大结冰厚度随着风速的增大而增大,且基本呈线性关系,最大结冰厚度随环境温度升高而降低.     

潮流能水轮机叶片结构设计及水动力性能分析

基于叶素动量理论对水平轴潮流能水轮机叶片外形进行设计,并结合Wilson方法修正计算模型,采用Matlab软件对叶片进行优化计算,得到优化后的弦长和扭角.通过坐标转换得到优化后翼型的三维坐标,将得到的坐标导入SolidWorks软件中建立叶片的三维模型.最后通过Fluent软件对设计的水轮机在不同尖速比下进行三维数值模拟.计算结果表明,设计的水轮机在水流速度为0.8 m/s,叶尖速比为3时,捕能系数能取得较大值,且水轮机无回流现象,具有良好的水动力特性.     

兼顾效率与空泡性能的桨叶剖面自动优化设计

引入数学上的NURBS曲线来表达翼型几何,成功实现翼型几何的自动变形与重构;之后借助于Isight优化平台,集成CFD技术构建二维翼剖面的多目标自动优化设计流程;并选择NACA 661-212翼型为设计对象,在兼顾效率和空泡性能的前提下,以升阻比和最小压力系数为设计目标进行优化设计,最终得到在相应设计点处两目标均有改善的翼型。该结果表明此设计方法的可行性,对推广至三维螺旋桨的优化设计提供一定的借鉴经验。     

兼顾效率与空泡性能的桨叶剖面自动优化设计

引入数学上的 NURBS曲线来表达翼型几何,成功实现翼型几何的自动变形与重构;之后借助于Isight优化平台,集成CFD技术构建二维翼剖面的多目标自动优化设计流程;并选择NACA 661-212翼型为设计对象,在兼顾效率和空泡性能的前提下,以升阻比和最小压力系数为设计目标进行优化设计,最终得到在相应设计点处两目标均有改善的翼型。该结果表明此设计方法的可行性,对推广至三维螺旋桨的优化设计提供一定的借鉴经验。     

新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备叶片的优化与仿真

为深入了解新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备的性能,对其叶片结构的流场特性和设备在流场中的动力收集特性进行仿真研究.建立不同结构叶片和不同数量叶片的二维模型,通过仿真计算,得到不同结构叶片的流场状态,以及叶片数分别为3、4和6时设备的合力和转矩大小.研究结果表明:在矩形叶片上开长方形孔能明显改善叶片后方的涡流,提高叶片的性能;当入口速度不变时,设备所受合力和转矩会随叶片数量的增加而增大;当叶片数量不变时,设备所受合力和转矩会随入口速度的增加而增大.研究结果可为新型竖直轴海洋能发电设备的结构设计与优化提供参考.     

基于正交试验的喷水推进器参数优化设计

采用正交实验法对喷水推进器进行参数优化设计,以推力作为评价指标,基于信噪比的概念,分析了转子叶片数、定子叶片数以及定子安装角度对喷水推进器参数的影响。结果表明：定子叶片数在影响因素中的贡献度较低,转子叶片数与定子安装角度有着较强的交互作用,且呈负相关关系,当转子叶片数较多时,流体轴向速度较大,因此定子安装角度不宜过大。通过正交实验与非线性理论模型的构建,基于自适应粒子群算法寻优,得出最佳化参数组合为转子叶片4片、定子叶片数为5片以及定子安装角度为10度,优化结果经类比实验性能测试,效果较佳。     

风电叶片用胶粘剂研究现状

本文介绍了胶粘剂在风电叶片上的应用,详细论述了风电叶片用胶粘剂必备的特殊性能,综合分析了国内外在该领域的研究进展和现状。通过对比目前市面上最主流的三种风电叶片用胶粘剂的力学性能与工艺性能,阐明了国产胶粘剂与国外同类产品的差距。     

绞吸式挖泥船光刃绞刀的切削性能

为研究光刃绞刀的切削性能,采用数值分析软件LS-DYNA分析光刃绞刀和带齿绞刀的切削动力学过程,对比这2种绞刀在不同切削工况下对土壤和岩石的切削性能.结果表明:在切削岩石时,光刃绞刀在切削力和切削能耗方面的表现均优于带齿绞刀;在切削土壤时,光刃绞刀在切削力和切削能耗方面的表现与带齿绞刀相近.由此可见,将光刃绞刀应用于含杂物的软质土壤切削作业中具有一定的可行性.     

Monitoring blade loads for a floating wind turbine in wave basin model tests using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors: A feasibility study

The blade loading contains sufficient information about the unsteady aerodynamics of Floating Wind Turbines (FWTs), and it serves as the basis for advanced controller developments. Wave basin model test is among the most reliable and economical methods for FWT investigations. However, few FWTs were reported being able to monitor the blade loads during wave basin tests. The main obstacles include strict space/mass limitations in model manufacturing and problems associated with signal transmission between rotating blades and stationary signal processing unit. In this paper, the feasibility of detecting blade loads for model FWT in wave basin tests is investigated. An on-line monitoring system is developed based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and a Fiber Optical Rotary Joint (FORJ). Extensive validation tests are conducted under different environmental and operational conditions. Results show that the proposed FBG-FORJ sensing system presents impressive feasibility and reliability. As the authors know, it is among the first attempts to monitor the blade loads in real-time for model FWTs in wave basin tests. The present study will serve to enrich the knowledge about unsteady aerodynamics of FWTs and lay the foundation for experimental studies on advanced FWT controllers.     

Automated manufacture of optimised shape-adaptive composite hydrofoils with curvilinear fibre paths for improved bend-twist performance

Composite marine propellers improve hydrodynamic efficiency by inducing bend-twist coupling and allowing for passive pitch changes. One critical limitation, however, is the extent to which a composite propeller blade can deform and cause a pitch change without incurring structural failure. Recent numerical studies showed that curvilinear tows could improve the structural response of a composite blade by lowering its deflection or stress and strain required to induce a pitch change, but no experimental validation has been carried out before. The current study, thus, presents the manufacture of composite sandwich hydrofoils made with steered tows using automated fibre placement and validates the curvilinear tow benefits. Two hydrofoils were optimised with straight and curved fibre path layups, respectively and were manufactured for mechanical testing. The manufacturing complications arising from steering curvilinear tows in a three-dimensional convex mould are also discussed in the paper. The study found that significant tow buckling occurred near the tool cavity edge due to excessive steering radius during manufacture. The follow-up structural cantilevered tests showed that the experimental results were consistent with the FE predictions despite the presence of some manufacturing defects. The experiment agreed that the hydrofoil manufactured with curved tows achieved a similar tip twist but a significant reduction in deflection and critical principal strains compared to the hydrofoil made with straight tows. The use of a foam core reduced the overall weight of the sandwich hydrofoils by about 25% compared to that of a fully-carbon composite hydrofoil, and the numerical analysis showed that the core shear failure induced by transverse shear stresses was unlikely to occur.     

Underactuated control and analysis of single blade installation using a jackup installation vessel and active tugger line force control

The assembly and installation costs account for a large share in the overall expenditures of an offshore wind farm project. Single blade installation is suitable for large scale wind turbines due to the lower crane capability requirement and lower transportation time. By introducing active tension control on the tugger lines, an automatic single blade installation approach can accomplish operations in higher sea states, reduce the waiting-on-weather time, and improve the operational efficiency. Compared to early research, a more complicated control objective is achieved in this paper, i.e., a two-tugger-line configuration is applied to stabilize the suspended blade in three degrees of freedom during crane rotation and blade root-hub mating processes. The pulleys on the crane boom, i.e., the ends of the tugger lines, are assumed to be fixedly placed, resulting in tugger line time-varying inclinations. A novel backstepping-like controller is designed and proved. It is able to stabilize the blade around its equilibrium and make it track the desired path. Sensitivity studies are conducted to evaluate the influence of the tugger line inclinations. In addition, the influence of the installed blades on a three-blade horizontal wind turbine with a monopile foundation is discussed. The proposed active control setup improves the installation success rate and reduces the risks for blade impacts that may occur during mating.     

局部空泡水翼性能研究

空泡对水翼的水动力特性具有重要的影响,使用数值模拟方法研究空泡特性及其机理有着广泛的工程应用价值。对二维NACA翼型的模拟结果表明,基于势流理论的边界元积分方法适用于局部空泡水翼的性能研究,翼型几何参数变化对空泡长度和升力性能均有显著影响,在水翼设计与使用过程中必须对空泡发生与变化给予充分关注。     

The effect of finite depth on 2D and 3D cavitating hydrofoils

The iterative numerical method that has been developed for cavitating hydrofoils and surface piercing bodies moving inside a numerical towing tank is modified and extended to the case of fully submerged, both two- and three-dimensional cavitating hydrofoils in water of finite depth, and the effects of subcritical speed, critical speed and supercritical speed are investigated in detail. The iterative numerical method based on Green’s theorem allows separating the cavitating hydrofoil problem, the free surface problem and finite bottom problem both in two and three dimensions. The cavitating hydrofoil surface, the free surface and the surface of finite bottom are modeled with constant strength dipole and constant strength source panels. While the kinematic boundary condition is applied on the hydrofoil surface, a dynamic condition is applied with a cavity closure condition on the cavity surface. The source strengths on the free surface are expressed in terms of perturbation potential by applying the linearized free surface conditions. No radiation condition is enforced for downstream and transverse boundaries. The source strengths on the bottom surface are zero because of vanishing normal velocity. The method is applied to 2D and 3D cavitating hydrofoils, and the effect of finite bottom on lift and drag coefficients, cavity number and wave elevation is investigated.