斜拉桥锤击法模态参数识别不确定性的试验研究

为分析锤击法模态参数识别的不确定性，对一座模型斜拉桥进行了分区锤击法模态试验，采用变时基技术测试了主梁竖向和扭转、主梁横向、主塔面内和主塔面外模态。首先，采用特征系统实现算法(ERA)进行模态参数识别，ERA法的稳定图能够有效区分密集模态，识别出全桥21阶模态参数。其次，采用峰值法(PP)、正交多项式法(RP)、最小二乘复频域法(LSCF)、最小二乘复指数法(LSCE)分别进行模态参数识别，对比了各方法模态参数识别结果，统计了其不确定性，结果表明，频率的识别结果变异性小，阻尼和振型有较大的变异性。最后，采用MONTE CARLO法对实测频响函数添加噪声，RP法进行模态参数识别，结果表明，测点位于振型振幅较大位置时，模态参数识别结果的不确定性小，模态参数识别方法的不确定性比噪声的不确定性更大。     

斜拉桥环境激励模态参数识别不确定性试验研究

为分析环境激励法模态参数识别的不确定性,对一模型斜拉桥进行了分区模态试验,测试了主梁竖向和扭转、主塔面内和面外模态。首先,分析了非白噪声激励对模态参数识别的影响,提出采用结构有限元模型仿真分析结合稳定图剔除虚假模态的方法。其次,采用特征系统实现算法(ERA)结合提出的虚假模态剔除方法,识别出全桥15阶模态。再次,采用峰值法(PP)、正交多项式法(RP)、最小二乘复指数法(LSCE)、随机子空间法(SSI)分别进行模态参数识别,对比了各方法模态参数识别结果,统计了其不确定性,频率的识别结果变异性小,阻尼和振型有较大的变异性。最后,采用MONTE CARLO法对实测频响函数添加噪声后进行模态参数识别,结果表明,测点位于振型振幅较大位置时,模态参数识别结果的不确定性小,模态参数识别方法的不确定性比噪声的不确定性大。     

基于工作模态法的动力总成刚体参数识别

介绍一种基于多参考点最小二乘频域法(一种工作模态法)的刚体参数识别方法。它适用于具有阻尼和非线性刚度支承的系统(如汽车动力总成),可在实车工作情况下对动力总成的模态参数和惯性参数进行识别。通过实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于PolyMAX方法的某轿车白车身实验模态分析

对实验模态分析的有关理论与方法,尤其是最小二乘复频域法的理论进行了详细介绍.分别采用最小二乘复频域法和最小二乘复指数法对某轿车白车身进行了实验模态分析并对其结果进行比较和分析.最后将实验结果和有限元模态分析结果进行对比,并结合刚度测试结果,对向车身提出改进意见.     

基于响应功率谱传递比的桥梁结构工作模态参数识别方法

为实现基于振动传递比函数的工作模态分析方法能够在任一荷载工况下识别结构模态参数，引入参考响应思路，构建响应功率谱传递比（Power Spectral Density Transmissibility，PSDT）函数。首先利用比例函数的极限定理，揭示PSDT在系统极点处的重要特性，进而根据这一特性建立PSDT驱动的峰值法；同时为解决传统传递比方法无法识别结构阻尼的问题，建立基于PSDT驱动的最小二乘复频域法（LSCF），通过参数化拟合思路识别频率、振型和阻尼比，并运用稳定图辅助剔除虚假模态。通过10层剪切型框架结构数值算例，对比研究外部激励性质对PSDT法及传统频域法（峰值法、频域分解法）识别结果的影响。最后，运用PSDT法对环境激励下的人行桥进行工作模态分析，并与传统响应传递比方法及随机子空间法（SSI）结果进行对比。研究结果表明：在同一工况下不同参考响应的PSDT函数在系统极点与外部激励性质无关，且等价于振型比值；PSDT法相比于传统频域法对外部激励具有更为良好的鲁棒性，能够降低识别谐波激励引起的虚假模态的风险；不同于传统响应传递比方法，在任一工况下基于PSDT法能够识别人行桥的包括阻尼比在内的工作模态参数，并产生更为清晰的峰值和稳定图，具有更好的可操作性；该方法识别结果与SSI结果吻合较好，验证了其在任一荷载工况下分析实际桥梁结构工作模态特性的可行性。     

轿车车内空腔声学模态试验研究

利用比利时Lms公司的Test_lab模态分析系统测量了某轿车车内空腔声学模态,采用Spectral Ac-quisition模块测量了声传递函数,用PolyMAX(最小二乘复频域法)分析方法进行了模态参数的识别。通过试验分析获得了该轿车车内空腔共鸣频率和三维模态形状。该方法为控制和降低轿车车内低频噪声提供了参考,为轿车车内空腔声学模态提供了简单易行的测试方法。     

直联驱动桥桥壳模态分析及试验研究

直联驱动桥桥壳作为乘用车中最重要的一部分,其动态特性能直接影响整车的NVH性能。文章在阐述模态分析理论基础上,首先对其进行三维建模,然后对其有限元模型进行模态仿真,运用LMS软件对直联驱动桥桥壳进行试验模态测试,并通过最小二乘复频域法对试验模态数据进行参数识别。最后,将试验结果与数值模态结果对比分析,结果表明:直联驱动桥桥壳模态仿真数据与试验模态数据基本吻合,该研究方法与结果对于直联驱动桥桥壳动态特性具有一定实际指导作用。     

后驱车型传动系统高阶弯曲模态试验方法及优化研究

针对后驱车型传动系统高阶弯曲模态共振引起的车内噪声问题，利用激振器对试验模态结果的影响因素进行研究，使用最小二乘复频域法进行模态参数识别，并综合运用试验和仿真手段对模态的敏感度进行分析，并提出有效的优化措施。研究结果表明，传动系统间隙和变速器档位对弯曲模态试验结果有明显影响，传动系统四阶弯曲模态共振引起了车内噪声问题，该模态的质量敏感位置位于第二段和第三段传动轴，可通过调整后桥输入法兰质量分布实现降噪6 dB（A），优化传动轴支撑点的位置可有效提升传动系统弯曲模态频率，并降低其引起的7 dB（A）噪声响应。     

基于稳态简谐激励的人行桥模态参数识别

为了探究稳态激振现场试验方法在人行桥模态参数识别中的可行性,通过数值仿真分析和现场试验,研究了基于稳态激振的人行桥模态参数识别。该方法首先通过单点简谐激励获得结构稳态响应的频响函数(FRF),然后对实测频响函数按单模态或多模态叠加形式进行最小二乘曲线拟合得到结构的固有频率、阻尼比、模态振型和模态质量。以一频率密集分布的多点弹性支撑梁为数值算例,分析了激振器激振质量、频率间隔、激振次数、多模态参与和噪声对识别结果的影响。采用该方法识别了一座双层分离桥面曲线人行桥第1阶侧弯模态的频率、模态质量及阻尼比,为该桥的人致振动分析及减振设计提供了有效手段。结果表明:激振质量会改变结构固有模态参数,因此在满足激振条件下激振质量应尽可能小;选择合适的激振带宽和较小的激振频率间隔能获得更可靠的结果;人行桥现场稳态激振试验识别的频率和阻尼比与自由振动识别结果基本相符,识别的模态质量与有限元计算结果相符,说明该方法可行。     

大跨径连续梁实桥构件刚度模态识别方法

提出一种利用低阶测试模态对桥梁构件抗弯刚度进行有限权量平差的最小二乘解识别方法。通过对主跨110m的广州大桥主桥3跨变截面连续箱梁实桥梁体抗弯刚度进行数值模拟识别及结合桥梁现场动静载试验进行识别结果,表明此方法利用现有的测试技术对大跨径连续梁桥进行抗弯刚度识别误差是常规最小二乘解识别误差的1/8～1/10,识别精度得到了极大的改善。     

轮胎动刚度和阻尼特性的研究

本文通过轮胎动态实验，采用多元逐步回归技术对实验结果进行了分析，给出了轮胎弹性力与轮胎变形，激振频率之间，以及轮胎阻尼力与轮胎变形速率，激振频之间的关系，分析了充气压力，振幅及滚动速度对轮胎刚度和阻尼特性的影响。     

Index

A method is presented for the dynamic analysis of contact deformation for rolling tire on a road. The tire is modeled as an inextensible ring on elastic foundation with damping. Under known radial deflection, the ground contact region is predicted by solving simplified ring motion equation, treating ground contacting as a boundary condition. Furthermore, the effect of internal damping and rotating speed is analyzed on contact region.     

A Simple Analysis Method for Contact Deformation of Rolling Tire

A method is presented for the dynamic analysis of contact deformation for rolling tire on a road. The tire is modeled as an inextensible ring on elastic foundation with damping. Under known radial deflection, the ground contact region is predicted by solving simplified ring motion equation, treating ground contacting as a boundary condition. Furthermore, the effect of internal damping and rotating speed is analyzed on contact region.     

Numerical method for simulating tire rolling noise by the concept of periodically exciting contact force

For the numerical simulation of tire rolling noise, an important subject is the extraction of normal velocity data of the tire surface that are essential for the acoustic analysis. In the current study, a concept of periodically exciting contact force is introduced to effectively extract the tire normal velocity data. The ground contact pressure within contact patch that is obtained by the static tire contact analysis is periodically applied to the whole tread surface of stationary tire. The periodically exciting contact forces are sequentially applied with a time delay corresponding to the tire rolling speed. The tire vibration is analyzed by the mode superposition in the frequency domain, and the acoustic analysis is performed by commercial BEM code. The proposed method is illustrated through the numerical experiment of 3-D smooth tire model and verified from the comparison with experiment, and furthermore the acoustical responses are investigated to the tire rolling speed.     

Performance of Low-bandwidth, Semi-active Damping Concepts for Suspension Control

Active damping has been shown to offer increased suspension performance in terms of vehicle isolation, suspension packaging, and road-tire contact force. It can even approximate the performance of full state feedback control without requiring the difficult measurement of tire deflection. Many semi-active damping strategies have been introduced to approximate the response of active damping with the modulation of passive damping parameters. These strategies have typically required a relatively high bandwidth for actuator response. This paper investigates the simulation performance and “frequency response” of two concepts in low-bandwidth semi-active suspension control, one that sets a damping force directly and another that sets the damping resistance. The electronically controlled bandwidth of these actuators is approximately an order of magnitude less than other semi-active devices; high frequency control is handled mechanically. A quarter-car model is studied with the controlled damping replacing both passive and active damping of typical control schemes. Both low-bandwidth damping strategies perform remarkably well compared to both active and high-bandwidth, semi-active damping. In certain dynamic performances, the new semi-active strategies outperform active damping and what the author calls “nominal” semi-active damping.     

Performance of Low-bandwidth,Semi-active Damping Concepts for Suspension Control

Abstract

Active damping has been shown to offer increased suspension performance in terms of vehicle isolation, suspension packaging, and road-tire contact force. It can even approximate the performance of full state feedback control without requiring the difficult measurement of tire deflection. Many semi-active damping strategies have been introduced to approximate the response of active damping with the modulation of passive damping parameters. These strategies have typically required a relatively high bandwidth for actuator response. This paper investigates the simulation performance and “frequency response” of two concepts in low-bandwidth semi-active suspension control, one that sets a damping force directly and another that sets the damping resistance. The electronically controlled bandwidth of these actuators is approximately an order of magnitude less than other semi-active devices; high frequency control is handled mechanically. A quarter-car model is studied with the controlled damping replacing both passive and active damping of typical control schemes. Both low-bandwidth damping strategies perform remarkably well compared to both active and high-bandwidth, semi-active damping. In certain dynamic performances, the new semi-active strategies outperform active damping and what the author calls “nominal” semi-active damping.     

阻尼沥青路面降噪特性的研究

为了评价阻尼路面的减振性能,通过轮胎振动衰减实验,分析轮胎/路面试件系统的阻尼系数,三种材料AC试件、阻尼路面试件、水泥板试件,其中轮胎/阻尼路面试件系统的阻尼最大;通过整车激振实验,分析振动系统中力传递的特性。根据轮胎不同位置处以及车体的振动加速度频普,比较AC试件、阻尼路面试件两种材料的振动传递特性,认为阻尼路面材料减振效果明显。     

轮胎动态模型的阻尼和对滚动阻力及动态响应影响的分析

在综合了一些文献研究结果的基础上,基于轮胎模态参数模型,给出了不同阻尼环节对滚动阻力及轮胎以不同速度滚越障碍物的动态响应的模拟结果,并部分地与试验结果进行对比,说明具有结构阻尼环节的轮胎模型,对于两者的模拟均给出了更好的定量结果。     

客车轮胎建模和对侧倾稳定性的影响研究

客车轮胎与客车整车的侧倾稳定性有密切联系,ADAMS是典型的动力学虚拟样机仿真软件。介绍了在ADAMS中建立非线性轮胎的方法,在ADAMS中建立客车整车模型,通过改变整车模型中轮胎的刚度和阻尼,研究客车轮胎对整车侧倾稳定性的影响,从而为设计出符合性能要求的客车轮胎提供一定的理论依据。