操纵性方程在船舶横甩研究中的应用

综合操纵性和耐波性理论，采用船舶的三自由度操纵运动方程，加入波浪的扰动力项，得出一个船舶在发生骑浪时的非线性运动方程，用简化后的线性方程对某型驱逐舰随浪航行的横甩区域进行了大致绘算。结果与已有的横甩理论以及船模试验研究结论大型相符，最后提出一种基于操纵性试验的横甩试验方法。     

骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准技术的发展

介绍了骑浪/横甩的物理背景,以及骑浪/横甩第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准发展过程,并分析了骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准计算方法及初步衡准,掌握骑浪横甩薄弱性衡准技术的发展现状,有助于骑浪/横甩相关技术领域的研究,为船舶第二代完整稳性的技术发展奠定基础。     

船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准影响研究

骑浪/横甩是IMO船舶第二代完整稳性的五种失效模式之一,是一种基于概率的稳性衡准,制定规范的目的是更有效地保障船舶在实海域中的航行安全,确保不发生稳性失效情况.本研究中,以IMO有关成员国提出的最新版骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准草案为基础,基于自主开发的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准校核软件,针对围网渔船开展了样船计算和比较分析,研究IMO正在制定的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准方法对该类船型的适用情况,分析船型参数对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的影响,为我国参与国际法规制定,提出针对骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准的提案提供技术支撑和依据.     

骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准和模型试验研究

目前国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定的第二代完整稳性衡准,其中就包括骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准。文章首先介绍了最新骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准方法,应用自编的衡准软件进行样船计算,分析了当前衡准的适用性。其次,开展了内倾船型在随浪和尾斜浪中的骑浪/横甩试验,试验中获得了四种与骑浪/横甩相关的运动特性:周期运动、稳定骑浪、横甩和横甩导致的倾覆,而且在某波浪条件下观察到船舶连续发生三次横甩的现象。最后,将内倾船型的骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了衡准方法对于内倾船型的适用性。     

船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准研究

骑浪/横甩是导致船舶在随浪或尾斜浪中发生倾覆的主要因素之一。为了准确预报船舶是否发生骑浪进而导致横甩,以SLF55/INF.15会议上美国学者提出的船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准草案和IMO SDC 1/INF 8会议上美国、日本学者联合提出的薄弱性衡准草案为基础,对薄弱性衡准进行分析研究,并编制相应的骑浪/横甩判断程序;以C11船型等样船为例进行样船测试,判断是否发生横甩,并和前人的计算结果相比较,并以此验证该薄弱性衡准草案的通用性和此程序的适用性,为制定第二代完整稳性提供技术支持。     

基于Melnikov方法的船舶骑浪临界值预报研究

目前,国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定第二代完整稳性衡准横甩薄弱性衡准。横甩是船舶在波浪中三种典型倾覆现象之一,在横甩薄弱性衡准计算中,准确求解骑浪临界值是至关重要的。首先构造纵荡系统的Melnikov函数,其次求解Melnikov函数的一阶零点来确定系统的骑浪临界值。最后根据波浪中骑浪临界值的变化,计算分析横甩薄弱性衡准,为IMO横甩薄弱性衡准的制定提供技术支撑。     

船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准研究综述

随着计算机技术的高速发展和数值模拟技术的不断进步,将水动力学的最新研究成果用于船舶第二代完整稳性薄弱性衡准的研究已成为热点,在船舶设计领域引起广泛关注。而骑浪/横甩是船舶在随浪和尾斜浪中航行时发生倾覆的主要原因之一,具有显著的动力特性,直接影响着航行安全;因此,首先对船舶骑浪/横甩的发生机理、研究的关键问题进行归纳和总结,然后对船舶骑浪/横甩薄弱性衡准进行分析和评价,最后对船舶骑浪/横甩的国内外研究进展进行评述。其研究成果能为制定第二代船舶完整稳性提供有益的借鉴。     

波导升力矩对快速船在尾斜浪中横甩的影响

本文结合船舶操纵性和耐波性理论及其研究成果，引入一等效首摇角速度的概念表达环绕横甩中的船舶的波导南点速度，由此可以用静水中船舶操纵运动的水动力导数N′r估算波导升力矩。数值计算比较表明：波导升力矩与Froude-Krylov力短是属同一数量级。本文还讨论了横甩后的不稳定机理。     

IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪/横甩评估软件研发

国际海事组织(IMO)目前正在制定的第二代完整稳性衡准将对我国船舶工业产生重大影响。针对衡准草案中的骑浪/横甩这一稳性失效模式展开了研究,参考新一代完整稳性的衡准技术框架,采用三层结构提出了一个系统的骑浪/横甩评估体系。为方便用户能更直观清晰地完成整个稳性评估过程,开发了IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪/横甩评估软件,着重对第二层衡准的评判进行了阐述与探讨,并以一条远洋围网渔船为例对软件进行了展示。所开发出的评估软件具有一定的实用价值,为国内船舶工业界应对IMO第二代完整稳性新规范要求提供了相应的技术支撑。     

参数横摇对集装箱船设计和运营的影响

<正>纯稳性丧失、参数横摇、骑浪(横甩)是船舶在波浪中的3种典型倾覆现象,其中,参数横摇是目前国际海事组织(IMO)正在研究的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准技术中5种失效模式之一。研究人员普遍认为,参数横摇是由船舶在波浪中的复原力周期性变化而导致的非线性现象,其主要特点是:船舶在顶浪状态下产生垂荡、纵摇运动的同时伴随着大幅度横摇运动。大量研究表明,当船舶的横摇固有频率等于其在波浪中遭遇频率的50%时,船舶可能产生显著的横摇运动,即参数横摇。大型集装箱船的艏     

URANS analysis of a broaching event in irregular quartering seas

Ship motions in a high sea state can have adverse effects on controllability, cause loss of stability, and ultimately compromise the survivability of the ship. In a broaching event, the ship losses control, naturally turning broadside to the waves, causing a dangerous situation and possibly capsizing. Classical approaches to study broaching rely on costly experimental programs and/or time-domain potential or system-based simulation codes. In this paper the ability of Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) to simulate a broaching event in irregular waves is demonstrated, and the extensive information available is used to analyze the broaching process. The demonstration nature of this paper is stressed, as opposed to a validated study. Unsteady RANS (URANS) provides a model based on first principles to capture phenomena such as coupling between sway, yaw, and roll, roll damping, effects of complex waves on righting arm, rudders partially out of the water, etc. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method uses a single-phase level-set approach to model the free surface, and dynamic overset grids to resolve large-amplitude motions. Before evaluating irregular seas two regular wave cases are demonstrated, one causing broaching and one causing stable surf riding. A sea state 8 is imposed following an irregular Bretschneider spectrum, and an autopilot was implemented to control heading and speed with two different gains for the heading controller. It is concluded that the autopilot causes the ship to be in an adverse dynamic condition at the beginning of the broaching process, and thus is partially responsible for the occurrence of the broaching event.     

船用燃气轮机涡轮轮盘拉削工艺研究

分析船用燃气轮机涡轮盘榫槽拉削工艺中的拉床选定、轮槽拉的确定、拉夹具的维修等技术要点,实现涡轮轮盘榫槽的合理拉削加工,探讨解决涡轮轮盘榫槽加工的各种难题。     

Broaching probability for a ship in irregular stern-quartering waves: theoretical prediction and experimental validation

To avoid stability failure due to the broaching associated with surf riding, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has begun to develop multilayered intact stability criteria. A theoretical model using deterministic ship dynamics and stochastic wave theory is a candidate for the highest layer of this scheme. To complete the project, experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating broaching probability in irregular waves is indispensable. We therefore conducted free-running model experiments using a typical twin-propeller and twin-rudder ship in irregular waves. A simulation model of coupled surge–sway–yaw–roll motion was simultaneously refined. The broaching probability calculated by the theoretical method was within the 95 % confidence interval of that obtained from the experimental data. This could be an example of experimental validation of the theoretical method for estimating the broaching probability when a ship meets a wave.     

Numerical prediction of the surf-riding threshold of a ship in stern quartering waves in the light of bifurcation theory

In order to develop design and operational criteria to be used at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), critical conditions for broaching are explored in the light of bifurcation analysis. Since surf-riding, which is a prerequisite to broaching, can be regarded as a heteroclinic bifurcation, one of global bifurcations, of a surge-sway-yaw-roll model in quartering waves, the relevant bifurcation condition is formulated with a rigorous mathematical background. Then an efficient numerical solution procedure suitable for tracing the surf-riding threshold hypersurface is presented with successful examples. This deals with all state and control variables in parallel, and excludes backward time integration and an orthogonal condition in the iteration process. The bifurcation conditions identified were compared with the results from a direct numerical simulation in the time domain. As a result, it was confirmed that the heteroclinic bifurcation provides a boundary between motions periodically overtaken by waves and nonperiodic motions such as surf-riding and broaching.     

Qualitative aspects of nonlinear ship motions in following and quartering seas with high forward velocity

By utilizing a four-degrees-of-freedom numerical model with dense grids of control parameters and the sudden-change concept, the qualitative aspects of the nonlinear motions of a fishing vessel complying with the International Maritime Organization's intact stability criteria in following and quartering seas were intensively explored. As a result, capsizing due to broaching, capsizing without broaching, broaching without capsizing, stable surf-riding, and steady periodic motion were identified. The natures of the boundaries of these motions in the control parameter plane were investigated, and the effects of the initial conditions and the nonlinearity of calm-water maneuvering forces are also discussed. Furthermore, comparisons with a model experiment showed that the numerical model used here qualitatively explains capsizing phenomena, but quantitatively overestimates the danger of capsizing. Received: June 11, 2001 / Accepted: October 9, 2001     

Broaching prediction of a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders

The new intact stability criteria which are under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are required to cover a broaching phenomenon, well known as a great threat to high-speed vessels which can lead to capsizing. Some reports exist which demonstrate that their numerical models can predict a highly nonlinear phenomenon of broaching. However, additional validation studies are needed for unconventional vessels, in addition to conventional ones, to develop direct stability assessment methods for the new intact stability criteria. In this research, we selected as the subject ship a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders, a design expected to be one of a new generation of high-speed monohull ships. Firstly, a series of captive model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, the manoeuvring forces, the wave-exciting forces, the heel-induced hydrodynamic forces, and the roll restoring variation for the unconventional tumblehome vessel. Secondly, the existing mathematical model which had been developed for broaching prediction of conventional vessels with a single propeller and a single rudder was extended to unconventional vessels with twin propellers and twin rudders. Finally, comparisons between numerical simulations and the existing free running model experiments were conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that fair quantitative prediction of broaching is realised when the rudder force variation, the roll restoring variation and the heel-induced hydrodynamic force for large heel angles are taken into account.     

Importance of several nonlinear factors on broaching prediction

In order to realize a more quantitative prediction of broaching and capsizing in following and quartering seas, existing mathematical modelling techniques should be upgraded. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically examine all factors relevant to capsizing in following and quartering seas. To this end, we first attempted to examine the prediction accuracy of wave-induced forces by comparing calculations with captive model experiments. As a result, we found that a wave-induced surge force has a certain nonlinearitiy with respect to wave steepness. The nonlinearity of sway–roll coupling with respect to sway velocity was also found, and our numerical result with these nonlinearities improves the prediction accuracy of the critical ship speed of capsizing in following and quartering seas. The importance of the wave effect on propeller thrust was also examined. We found that this effect is not negligibly small and could improve capsizing predictions in heavy following and quartering seas. Finally, we attempted to investigate the importance of nonlinear heel-induced hydrodynamic forces on numerical predictions of capsizing due to broaching. Here, we propose a new procedure for captive model experiments to obtain hydrodynamic forces with various heel angles up to 90°, and data on heel-induced hydrodynamic forces with respect to heel angle in calm water are provided. We then compare the numerical simulations with the nonlinear heel-induced hydrodynamic forces and without them. These time series comparisons show that the effect of nonlinear heel-induced hydrodynamic forces in calm water is not negligibly small for the case of ship capsizing due to broaching.