2200箱集装箱船球鼻首优化

航运业的发展必然伴随着能源的大量消耗,船舶节能减排迫在眉睫,球鼻首型线设计对船舶的节能减排、发展绿色船舶技术意义重大。以2 200箱集装箱船为研究对象,使用CAESES软件对球鼻首部分进行参数化建模,对比参数化前后船体模型的静水力数据,以确保球鼻首参数化之后模型的精确度,集成SHIPFLOW软件,以兴波阻力为目标函数,使用遗传算法对球鼻首参数化之后的船型进行阻力性能优化。结果显示,该船型在设计航速19 kn下进行优化之后,兴波阻力降低了4.137%,总阻力也得到改善,优化之后的船型在低速15 kn时阻力也相对有很大降低。     

球首蜗尾节能新船型

本文以目前航行于长江下游的优秀大班船东方红11型(简称为东11型)作为改进对象,设计球首蜗尾新船型。在保持东11型主尺度主机不变的条件下,两船型按同一缩尺比制成同长度、同宽度、同吃水,同排水量的船模进行对比试验。试验结果表明:球首蜗尾新船型比东11型降低波形阻力30％以上,提高推进效率20％左右,节省功率22～32％。桨前具有强而均匀的预旋流,有较高而均匀的轴向与周向伴流,因而有较高的船身效率和较低的激振力。球首前缘不超出船首垂线,不影响船舶航行与离靠码头的性能。总之,球首蜗尾船型是一种消波节能效果显著,很有发展前途的新船型。     

一种实用船型设计方法

介绍船型设计中对兴波阻力影响最大的两个因素--横剖面面积曲线和球鼻首的设计方法.20年间,结合实用船型的特点,采用该方法研发出一种对中高速船行之有效的船型设计程序,并先后对四种具有完全不同尾型的实用船型进行优化设计,即1984年完成的球首长轴套新船型、1988年完成的球首蜗尾新船型、1992年完成的球首双尾新船型、2002年完成的球首常规尾沿海客滚船新船型,都取得了良好的消波、减阻与节能效果.在设计航速下,与各自的对比船型相比较,四种新船型均大幅度减小兴波阻力,减小剩余阻力20%以上,节省有效功率分别为16.2%、5.5%、5.8%、10.3%.     

基于CFD的船舶球首型线自动优化

在满足排水量及航速要求情况下设计出性能优良的船体型线,降低船体阻力、节能降耗是造船界一直所追求的目标。船舶球首的大小、位置和形状对船体兴波影响非常大,因此文章通过船型参数化融合方法,生成一系列球首型线,并以兴波阻力最小为目标,采用遗传算法实现球首型线的自动优化。将上述方法应用于某集装箱船球首型线的自动优化,并进行船舶静水阻力实验,实验表明优化船型在设计航速附近总阻力降低明显,说明文中采用的基于CFD船型自动优化方法是可行的。     

船体艏部水动力性能优化

提出一种以势流兴波阻力理论Rankine源方法为基础,结合SHIPFLOW软件为计算工具,利用CAD-CFD集成平台FRIENDSHIP-Framework软件进行变形优化,研究船舶的最小兴波阻力型线优化设计的方法,并考察了兴波优化得到的船型总阻力变化情况。在型线优化过程中,以兴波阻力系数为目标函数,排水量变化范围为约束条件,在Wigley船体前端增加一个利用Feature建模技术参数化生成的球艏并调整艏部型线使得船体表面光顺。选取球鼻艏形状的各项参数作为基本设计变量,利用DOE方法对船艏进行优化,获得了设计航速下兴波阻力较小的船型,验证了所提方法进行船艏型线优化的有效性。相应的考察变形及优化前后总阻力变化情况表明:在高傅汝德数情况下增加球艏所带来的粘性阻力的增加小于兴波阻力的减小量,总阻力得到了改善,优化后得到的球艏能在进一步减小兴波的同时减小总阻力。此外,还运用所提方法对3100TEU船型的船艏,利用Delta Shift方法进行变形,在设计航速下,将变形的参数作为设计变量,利用DOE方法进行优化设计。结果显示:在排水量限制范围内当球鼻艏向上向前伸展一定长度时可以降低兴波阻力。与此同时,由于优化前后船体湿表面积变化很小,粘性阻力的变化并不明显,兴波的减小则使得总阻力得到了改善。     

基于圆球型球鼻艏构型的兴波阻力减阻特性分析

球鼻艏减阻的机理至今尚未完全清晰,开展基于圆球型球鼻艏构型对兴波阻力影响机理的研究,对揭示球鼻艏的减阻机理,充分发挥球鼻艏对水面舰船的消波减阻效果具有基础性的重要意义。针对DTMB 5415船型,利用CFD计算软件STAR-CCM,分析前伸出球鼻艏主要构型参数对兴波阻力的影响及其机制。设置几组前伸出球鼻艏,其主要构型参数的前伸量与半径各异,结合采用已知试验数据和CFD计算数据分析阻力的变化规律,以及球鼻艏减阻的机理。结果表明,在特定的傅汝德数条件下,球鼻艏纵向位置和半径对兴波阻力的影响较为显著。     

垂直船首对提高推进性能的效果探讨

在研究了传统的船首形状及性能效果后,发现由于受种种制约因素的限制,船首一般比较肥大,主船体产生的兴波很大,相对而言,球鼻首产生的干涉波比较弱．因此,经过干涉后降低的兴波阻力是有限的,兴波阻力占总阻力的比重仍然很高．为了研究更好的船首形状以降低阻力,获得良好的推进性能,提出了垂直船首的设想．将首垂线延伸到船的最前端,改变了船首水线面形状和球鼻首．利用CFD摸拟分析了垂直船首对推进性能的影响,并做了模型试验．试验发现垂直船首的船模首部兴波明显改善,兴波阻力大幅降低,显著地提高了推进性能,同时也提高了经济效益和环保效益．     

基于多种组合优化算法外形优化设计

针对船型特征参数和特征参数曲线对船体阻力性能的影响,首先利用CAESES软件建立完全参数化船体模型,并用FINE/Marine软件进行水动力性能计算,并与试验结果进行比较,验证了数值模拟的可靠性。对船型进行优化时,以设计航速2.02 m/s下的总阻力为优化目标,利用2种组合优化算法进行分析,发现第1种Sobol算法和NSGA-II算法组合优化算法具有优势。船型优化后球鼻首发生了显著变化,球鼻首变为抬首型球鼻首,其中,球鼻首的长度和宽度变化对船体阻力影响不大,基本上可以忽略。在设计航速下,优化后的总阻力减少14.89%,摩擦阻力减少0.43%,剩余阻力减少36.9%。     

大型半潜船球首设计及阻力性能对比分析

为了掌握10万吨级半潜船的船型自主研发技术,文章设计了2种大型半潜船的船型,采用了直立型和短球首型两种不同的球艏,通过其船模静水阻力试验的方式对两型船进行对比,推出阻力性能较优的短球鼻首型式。另外通过对两型船的阻力试验结果进行对比,检验船尾伴流场,为10万吨级半潜船的船舶球鼻首设计提供参考。     

基于响应面的渔船球鼻艏参数分析及多航速自动优化

远洋金枪鱼围网渔船是一种中、高速的作业型船舶,加装球鼻艏并进行优化可以有效降低其兴波阻力。通过一种改造型值的球鼻艏变换方法,由球鼻艏的长度、宽度、高度及尖点高度参数直接生成用于CFD计算的船体型值,可以快速探讨球鼻艏对兴波阻力的影响。兴波阻力的计算采用Rankine源势流理论,运用试验设计方法生成球鼻艏参数对兴波阻力影响的响应面模型。该模型表明,各参数的影响是复杂且耦合的,难以呈现单调的规律性,且在不同航速下其影响规律也有差异。优化球鼻艏的过程选用结合响应面的快速优化方法,通过优化,发现传统的对单一设计航速的优化可能会出现在较低的服务航速下阻力增加的情形,而采用多个航速的阻力优化方法则在设计航速与服务航速下同时具有减阻节能效果。     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.