轿车悬架技术现状与发展趋势

介绍了轿车用被动悬架、半主动悬架、主动悬架的结构特点和工作原理，以及各自的优缺点与发展趋势。通过比较分析得出：被动悬架因结构简单、性能可靠、成本低、不耗能而得到广泛应用；主动悬架虽性能优越，但因元件价格昂贵，工作时能耗高而使其应用受到限制；半主动悬架性能好于被动悬架，且成本比主动悬架低得多，是今后悬架系统的主要发展方向。     

空气悬架性能与结构设计

以已开发的空气悬架、板簧悬架的客车底盘及相应的客车为例，介绍空气悬架结构、性能等，并与板簧悬架进行比较分析。     

扭转梁悬架和E型四连杆悬架对比分析

乘用车后悬架类型较多,主流车后悬架大量采用的是扭转梁悬架和E型四连杆悬架,但两种悬架形式在布置空间、价格、性能等方面均存在一定区别。文章从结构、承载能力、性能等维度对主流车常见的两种后悬架结构——扭转梁悬架和E型四连杆悬架进行对比分析。结果可知,扭转梁悬架仅在后备箱空间、轮胎磨损方面有优势,而E型四连杆悬架在承载能力、四驱空间、操纵稳定性、平顺性方面都具有优势。建议成本优先的A0、A级车采用经济型扭转梁悬架;操稳和舒适优先的A、B级车采用成本较高的E型四连杆悬架。该分析结论为汽车研发期间后悬架类型的选择提供了一定的参考依据。     

SX6112E公交车底盘板簧悬架设计

论述了SX6112E型公交车的悬架特点,介绍了少片钢板弹簧悬架的设计方法以及其它辅助结构的选择,并对悬架侧倾角进行了校核。     

汽车悬架顺从性的初步研究

本文以滑柱摆臂式悬架为主要对象,利用计算机模拟及试验方法对汽车悬架的顺从性进行了初步研究。文内首先给出了悬架顺从性的定义和评价方法,接着介绍了悬架顺从性的计算程序和试验过程,然后分析了悬架结构形式和参数对顺从性的影响,最后对如何提高悬架的顺从性提出了建议。     

某型伤员运输车新型悬架减振器原理研究

针对某型伤员运输车设计一种新型悬架——硅油悬架,研究了悬架减振器的结构及原理,通过建立悬架力学模型,反映了硅油悬架的力学特性,提出并验证了通过改变悬架减振器外部阻尼孔节流面积控制油液流动能起到变阻尼,通过悬架减振器与副油缸联通控制减振器储油容积来实现变刚度的方案。     

麦式悬架系统运动分析

本文介绍了麦式悬架的结构形式、特点。根据该悬架实际的结构，在没有简化的情况下对其运动规律进行了精确分析；阐述了在车轮跳动及转向过程中悬架运动特性参数变化情况的计算方法，介绍了麦式悬架及转向系统的运动分析程序。     

基于玻纤复合材料的弹簧/摆臂一体化新型悬架的研究

取代钢质螺旋弹簧的玻纤复合材料板簧已在业内有较多成功的应用。基于玻纤复合材料将弹簧和摆臂合为一体，将进一步增强悬架轻量化和集成化的优势，但引进玻纤摆臂柔性的悬架不能再按传统的方式理解，对此新型悬架的结构形式和设计方法有必要进行深入研究。文章首先介绍了玻纤增强塑料复合材料板簧摆臂的设计，而后对匹配此玻纤摆臂的后桥悬架构型进行了研究，以优化关键性能为线索逐步分析不同的后悬架结构形式的性能优劣，从而得出可行的玻纤臂新型悬架方案，最后还对此悬架的预载设计与载荷校核等进行了介绍。     

轿车悬架技术现状及发展趋势

介绍了轿车用被动悬架、半主动悬架、主动悬架的结构特点和工作原理,以及各自的优缺点与发展趋势。通过比较分析得出:被动悬架因结构简单、性能可靠、成本低、不耗能而得到广泛应用;主动悬架虽性能优越,但因元件价格昂贵,工作时能耗高而使其应用受到限制;半主动悬架性能好于被动悬架,且成本比主动悬架低得多,是今后悬架系统的主要发展方向。     

汽车主动悬架系统的试验研究

在分析汽车传统被动悬架的基础上,给出了一种新型主动悬架结构。介绍了该主动悬架的工作原理,建立了二自由度的主动悬架数学模型。采用天棚控制策略,设计并研制了主动悬架样机及试验台架,进行了被动悬架与主动悬架的台架对比试验。试验结果表明,与被动悬架相比,该主动悬架能有效改善汽车的动态性能。     

电磁主动悬架的设计及仿真研究

基于电磁学原理,利用电磁铁作为主动悬架的作动器,构造出电磁作动器的一般结构。在1/4汽车悬架的基础上,建立了电磁主动悬架的非线性模型,并应用现代控制理论设计了该模型的次优控制器,对该模型进行分析、仿真。模拟结果表明,电磁悬架能够实现一般主动悬架的功能,满足车辆平顺性的要求,可以适用于汽车的悬架系统。     

Heavy vehicle pitch dynamics and suspension tuning. Part I: unconnected suspension

The influence of suspension tuning of passenger cars on bounce and pitch ride performance has been explored in a number of studies, while only minimal efforts have been made for establishing similar rules for heavy vehicles. This study aims to explore pitch dynamics and suspension tunings of a two-axle heavy vehicle with unconnected suspension, which could also provide valuable information for heavy vehicles with coupled suspensions. Based on a generalised pitch-plane model of a two-axle heavy vehicle integrating either unconnected or coupled suspension, three dimensionless measures of suspension properties are defined and analysed—namely the pitch margin (PM), pitch stiffness ratio (PSR), and coupled pitch stiffness ratio (CPSR)—for different unconnected suspension tunings and load conditions. Dynamic responses of the vehicle with three different load conditions and five different tunings of the unconnected suspension are obtained under excitations arising from three different random road roughness conditions and a wide range of driving speeds, and braking manoeuvres. The responses are evaluated in terms of performance measures related to vertical and pitch ride, dynamic tyre load, suspension travel, and pitch-attitude control characteristics of the vehicle. Fundamental relationships between the vehicle responses and the proposed suspension measures (PM, PSR, and CPSR) are established, based on which some basic suspension tuning rules for heavy vehicles with unconnected suspensions are also proposed.     

多连杆悬架与双横臂悬架运动学和弹性运动学特性分析

改进了某轻型客货两用车双横臂式前悬架系统为多连杆悬架系统,运用多体动力学软件ADAMS/CAR建立了该双横臂与多连杆前悬架及转向系统的虚拟样机模型。采用轮跳方法、加载地面制动力和侧向力方法,对两种悬架系统进行了运动学与弹性运动学特性仿真对比分析。结果表明,多连杆悬架对车身的侧倾和纵倾、车轮定位及顺从转向效应等都比双横臂悬架具有较好的抑制作用,有利于提高汽车操纵稳定性。     

公路客车空气悬架的发展趋势及在我国的应用前景分析

空气悬架系统作为高档公路大客车的关键部件，已经在国外高档客车上普及，商用车上使用的比例也在迅速提升，其独特的变刚度、低振动频率、抗道路凹凸冲击等诸多优越性越来越受人们重视。目前国内没有一家企业能设计出成熟的产品，加快空气悬架的设计研发，尤其是电子控制空气悬架（ECAS）的研发是大势所趋，谁先掌握了汽车空气悬架的开发技术，谁先开发出配置空气悬架的成熟车型，谁就掌握了今后若干年内商用车市场的先机和主动。     

The influence of suspension components friction on race car vertical dynamics

This work analyses the effect of friction in suspension components on a race car vertical dynamics. It is a matter of fact that race cars aim at maximising their performance, focusing the attention mostly on aerodynamics and suspension tuning: suspension vertical and rolling stiffness and damping are parameters to be taken into account for an optimal setup. Furthermore, friction in suspension components must not be ignored. After a test session carried out with a F4 on a Four Poster rig, friction was detected on the front suspension. The real data gathered allow the validation of an analytical model with friction, confirming that its influence is relevant for low frequency values closed to the car pitch natural frequency. Finally, some setup proposals are presented to describe what should be done on actual race cars in order to correct vehicle behaviour when friction occurs.     

基于空气悬架“高度阀统一应用模型”的智能空气悬架系统

根据目前空气悬架高度阀应用实际情况,简要分析了诸如常规高度阀、快速排气高度阀以及多级高度调节阀等各种不同类型高度阀和ECAS空气悬架系统各自的应用技术状态和特点。基于上述分析结果,率先提出了空气悬架“高度阀统一应用模型”(UAM),该模型对目前所有商用车空气悬架系统中包括高度阀在内的阀类零部件的应用状态进行了高度概括和统一。并以此模型为基础,设计出一种可自动调节长度的高度阀连杆,与最普通的高度阀配合使用,在保留高度阀实时进、排气的优势下实现对气囊高度无级、多样化调节,再结合气囊压力监测装置和中央处理单元,最终实现空气悬架系统的智能控制。     

Dual objective active suspension system based on a novel nonlinear disturbance compensator

This paper proposes an active suspension system to fulfil the dual objective of improving ride comfort while trying to keep the suspension deflection within the limits of the rattle space. The scheme is based on a novel nonlinear disturbance compensator which employs a nonlinear function of the suspension deflection. The scheme is analysed and validated by simulation and experimentation on a laboratory setup. The performance is compared with a passive suspension system for a variety of road profiles.     

工程车辆减震系统的关键技术探讨

基于工程车辆的作业特点,针对影响工程车辆作业安全舒适性的减震系统的关键技术进行评述。根据工程车辆减震系统的发展现状,结合国内外油气悬架系统的先进技术及特点,探讨了油气悬架研究的关键技术,认为开发新型油气悬架减震系统符合现代工程车辆对悬架系统的要求和发展方向,将会对中国工程车辆的技术升级与进步有较大的促进作用。     

悬吊索损伤下索道桥结构分析

索道桥是以钢丝绳为主要受力构件,钢横梁及木板等作为局部受力构件的一种悬索体系桥梁。该文以甘肃省某索道桥作为背景,利用Midas/Civil建立空间计算模型,再结合实桥静力测试结果对有限元模型进行修正,在此基础上展开不同位置悬吊索损伤的结构分析,得出不同位置悬吊索破断对索道桥的影响规律。并对悬吊索损伤原因进行分析总结。分析结果可为同类索道桥的设计与养护提供参考。     

A new method of identification of equivalent suspension and damping rates of full-vehicle model

ABSTRACT

The equivalent spring and damper are often used to simplify the dynamic analysis of a nonlinear full-vehicle model. Clearly, those rates are strongly influenced by the kinematics of a suspension mechanism. This paper presents a new approach to the identification of the equivalent suspension and damping rates. The suspension is considered as a 1-degree-of-freedom (DOF) spatial parallel mechanism. The instantaneous kinestatic relations of the 1-DOF spatial parallel mechanism can be described using the theory of screws. The process of identification of the rates involves three steps: first, the joint positions of the suspension are found from the displacement analysis of the suspension mechanism. Second, the motion of each wheel of four suspension mechanisms is represented by the corresponding instantaneous screw at any instant. Third, the equivalent suspension and damping rates are determined from the kinestatic relations of the instantaneous screw. These rates are used for the dynamic analysis of the nonlinear full-vehicle model consisting of two pairs of the front (double-wishbone) and rear (multi-link) suspensions. Two dynamic behaviours of a car are analysed and compared with the simulation utilising the Adams/View software.