一种斗轮堆取料机的全功能尾车形式

斗轮堆取料机是大型散装物料堆场的主力设备,借助于不同的尾车形式,可满足不同料场工艺条件下的堆取料需求。以往的尾车形式仅能实现双向堆料、双向取料、双向通过中的一种或几种工况。介绍一种新型的尾车形式,能够在1台设备上实现上述所有功能要求,使得堆取调度更加灵活,节约基建投资。     

斗轮机尾车变幅油缸同步的控制方案及精度保证

尾车作为协助斗轮堆取料机(以下简称斗轮机)主机实现不同装卸工艺要求的主要机构,其形式取决于堆取料作业中物料的输送方向.尾车为配合斗轮机主机完成不同的堆取料功能,经常需要部分机架或功能单元由外力驱动变换空间位置与主机或主尾车不同结构衔接来实现.液压驱动具有机械驱动不可替代的优势,因此在尾车变幅中得到广泛应用,其中液压半趴尾车是液压变幅尾车中最常用的形式(见图1).     

某港区散货堆场至码头装船工艺系统改造设计

针对长江某码头现有散货装船工艺方案存在环境污染、高能耗、堆场及码头面层磨损严重等问题，进行工艺方案改造研究。通过设计采用尾车可折叠式斗轮堆取料机和出料输送机伸缩头装置实现物料在堆场同侧进出和分料的功能；采用左右双尾车移动式装船机和双向输送机方案实现左右两侧均可供料装船的功能。装船工艺流程化改造以及外转子式永磁直驱滚筒的应用，使本工程达到了预期的环保和节能效果。     

散料输送设备尾车皮带机尾部布置探讨

经过对国外散料输送设备尾车设计的消化吸收,国内各厂家都可以提供满足客户基本要求的产品。但随着客户对产品使用越来越频繁,现场实际操作中陆续反馈出很多初始设计并没有考虑的问题,如尾车尾部皮带褶皱,撒料,张力不足或过大等。通过参与国外项目,总结出解决这些问题的思路。     

复合材料螺旋桨双向流固耦合计算

为研究复合材料对螺旋桨水动力性能和结构特性的影响,在Workbench平台上,采用基于粘性流理论的计算流体力学方法与有限元软件实现流体载荷与结构变形的双向耦合传递。以DTMB4381为研究对象,首先考虑镍铝青铜(NAB)螺旋桨的微小变形,采用双向流固耦合方法计算不同进速系数下的水动力性能,并与敞水试验值进行对比,误差较小,验证了双向流固耦合方法的准确性。然后将复合材料考虑为各向同性,对玻璃纤维材料螺旋桨进行双向流固耦合求解,得到复合材料螺旋桨在不同进速系数下的水动力性能及结构特性,并将流体和结构计算结果与传统的金属螺旋桨比较分析,总结材料对螺旋桨性能的影响。双向流固耦合方法为今后各向异性复合材料螺旋桨的深入研究打下基础。     

折返型尾车实现直通功能的改造方法

根据电厂燃煤堆场工艺流程的变更,提出了1种新的尾车改造方法。通过该方法可以将原本只有折返功能的尾车改造成具备直通功能的尾车,改造施工量小,费用低。     

斗轮堆取料机直通改造

我公司的2台DQ2000/1500型斗轮堆取料机具有堆料、取料及直通3种功能.现在机械性能基本能满足要求,堆取料能达到额定流量.但在直通模式下运行时,需要启动机上皮带机,将尾车运送过来的煤炭转到地面皮带机上去.这样,不仅需要司机在现场看守,而且启动机上皮带机也带来了巨大的能耗,为此我们对其进行了改造.     

董家口堆取料机自动化控制技术分析

针对董家口矿石码头堆取料机自动化控制系统总体情况,分析堆取料机发展历程,通过对位置定位系统、扫描数据处理系统、防撞系统、尾车升降锁定系统、视频监控系统、设备智能检测系统等关键技术研究,实现堆取料机自动堆料和自动取料。自动化的堆取料系统具有可控性,标准化、智能化程度高,能够提高堆取料机的自动化作业程度并稳定生产运行,同时改善职工的劳动环境,降低职工劳动强度,为其他港口开展设备自动化改造提供依据。     

堆取料机皮带秤流量远程监控系统

1 技术背景 日照港第二港务公司矿石装车队现有6台悬臂式斗轮堆取料机,在堆取料机取料装车作业或卸船堆料作业过程中,悬臂皮带上的水湿物料粘连皮带、堵塞中心漏斗或尾车漏斗的情况时有发生;物料中混有杂质或冻块等硬物造成的头部导料槽卡堵,落料时杂质或冻块等硬物划伤悬臂皮带等状况也频繁出现.取料装车作业和堆料作业过程中,物料状态、流量大小等信息对于堆取料机生产作业的安全保障、效率、质量,以及设备的磨损情况都有重要影响.     

无刷双馈电机的电路分析及动态建模

无刷双馈电机是一种新型的电机,可作为调速电动机或变速发电机。无刷双馈电机系统包括两个定子绕组,即功率绕组和控制绕组,一个笼型转子绕组和—个双向电力电子变换器。无刷双馈电机的两个定子绕组之间没有直接的耦合关系,分析和控制比较简单。双向变换器较之传统的变换器,大大减小了体积和功率的要求。无刷双馈电机的这种结构,适用于变速系统中,如风力发电等。本文介绍了无刷双馈电机结构、等效电路和动态模型,可望为后续研究起到一定的借鉴作用。     

An analysis of trends in passenger and freight transport energy consumption in India

This primary objective of this paper is to examine the causes for the change in energy consumption in the transport sector in India. The pattern of energy consumption and their causes for change are benchmarked against select countries. A mathematical model that decomposes changes in energy consumption to various factors has been used. The changes in the energy consumption are attributed to growth in transport volume, structural change or modal shift, and energy intensity. The analysis is conducted for passenger and freight transport separately. Results indicate that the growth in transport volume has been the main cause for increase in energy consumption for both passenger and freight transport in India despite the decline in energy intensity of various transport modes. Though not surprising for a growing economy like India, this poses a challenge for the future. Currently, India is a low carbon economy.     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

Decentralized Coastal Zone Management in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective 1

Transferring decision-making process from central to local government and enhancing the role of local communities in managing coastal zones is an increasing commitment by governments in Southeast Asia. This article analyzes decentralized coastal zone management in two neighboring countries, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Federal system in Malaysia is argued to be able to influence more decentralized coastal zone management and to promote community-based management approaches. Meanwhile, the large diversity of coastal resources and communities combined with a still as yet tested decentralization policy in Indonesia is argued to bring more challenges in implementing the decentralization and community-based approaches in coastal zones. The lessons learned in this study provide insight in how far decentralized coastal zone management has taken place in Malaysia and Indonesia. The significant differences in the pattern of coastal zone management in these two countries are discussed in detail. This study recognizes that co-management and community-based approaches can be appropriate in dealing with coastal zone management. This comparative perspective is important to the development of a bigger picture of sustainable coastal zone management processes and cross-regional knowledge-sharing in Southeast Asia.     

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化的实用计算方法

风浪中螺旋桨水动力变化规律是研究舰船在风浪中速航性能的重要方面。本文参照有关文献,提出了一种计算风浪中螺旋桨推力、转矩损失的实用定量计算方法,既可用于较精确地估算舰船在风浪中的增阻和失速,还可供提高舰船在风浪中速航性的研究和螺旋桨设计参考。     

Hydrological changes in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to changes in the freshwater budget: A numerical modelling study

The response of the Mediterranean Sea and the various sub-basins to changes in the freshwater budget are investigated in a process-oriented study, using the POM model. The model is first integrated using values of the Nile and Ebro rivers runoff, as well as of the Dardanelles freshwater input, typical of the fifties. The model reaches a steady state representative of that existing in the Mediterranean prior to the major damming period after 90 years of integration. Then the model is integrated using the reduced river runoff values typical of the after-damming period. The additional impact of decadal scale trends in the precipitation rate as well as of intense surface cooling periods/events on the thermohaline circulation during the last 40 years were also examined. The model results show that the dramatic reduction of the Nile freshwater input and to a lesser extent the reduction of the freshwater input from the Dardanelles Straits induced a large increase in the sea surface salinity in the Aegean and Levantine basins in the late sixties/early seventies, in agreement with observations. Furthermore, the Ebro runoff reduction during the same period further enhanced the salinity increase in the Levantine basin as higher salinity surface waters of the western basin reached the eastern basin via the Atlantic Water circulation. This saltier surface layer in the vicinity of the Rhodes Gyre favoured the preconditioning for the formation of the Levantine Intermediate Water, resulting in about 40% increase of its formation rate. This in turn resulted in the production of saltier and larger amounts of deep waters in the various deep-water formation sites. According to the model, the river damming and decreased precipitation since the eighties explain about 95% of the observed salinity increase in the Western Mediterranean Deep Water over the last 40 years. The major contributor to this increase was proved to be the Nile damming. The salt increase in the surface layer is proved to be insufficient to produce alone the two climatic transient events in the deep waters of the Eastern Mediterranean in the late sixties and early nineties, respectively. Surface cooling was found to be important, resulting in large deep water formation and thus allowing the propagation of the increased surface salinity signal to the deep layers. However, model results demonstrate that the river damming played an important role in the long-term salt preconditioning of the surface/intermediate layers, thus contributing in triggering the two events.     

航道护岸工程中基槽边坡稳定研究

航道护岸工程中经常发生基槽边坡滑坡失稳事故，从而造成经济和安全问题。因此，就滑坡发生机理进行研究对保障航道护岸工程顺利建设有重大意义。从极限平衡原理出发，分别运用Fellenius法和Bishop法验算了苏北某航道护岸工程开挖边坡的设计稳定性，并分析比较两种方法的差异，得出了在多层土的计算中有时会出现Fellenius法比Bishop法的安全系数略大的结论。结合工程实际中可能出现的渗流和超载等因素，计算得到边坡安全系数的变化规律和极限平衡状态时的临界负荷，从而提出了相应的预防渗流、控制超载等措施，可以为航道护岸建设提供参考。     

东海大桥基础沉桩施工

东海大桥是我国第一座真正意义上的跨海大桥,所采用的打入桩不仅直径和长度大,而且数量多,为国内工程所罕见。文章全面介绍在自然条件恶劣的外海进行沉桩施工的情况。     

Investigation of model and parameter uncertainty in water quality models using a random walk method

A mathematical model to predict the effect of chemical spills in the Forth estuary in Scotland has been in use for many years. The model, based on the random walk method, predicts chemical concentrations in the estuary waters and estimates the elapsed time before the dilution is sufficient to render the spill harmless (making use of a toxicity measure such as the LC50 or a water quality standard). The model gives a deterministic result without any estimate of the uncertainty. Field studies using tracer dyes to measure the horizontal and vertical mixing rates in the estuary show that these rates vary over time. The literature on turbulent diffusion includes modelling applications using different parameterisations of the mixing process. This paper investigates the uncertainties in predicted concentrations due to model parameterisation of horizontal mixing and due to the variability in the measured mixing rates determined from surveys in the estuary. Estimates of the range of concentrations for a specific spill scenario are presented.The study shows that model formulation and parameter uncertainty are both important factors in estimating the uncertainty in model predictions. The uncertainty caused by the variations with time found in the measured mixing rates is found to be of similar magnitude to the differences in concentration resulting from using three different methods for modelling the horizontal mixing in the estuary. Uncertainties associated with model formulation could be reduced if a small number of longer timescale (e.g. 24 h) dispersion experiments were available. In addition, further data from short-term (3 h) dispersion experiments would give a better understanding of the distribution of mixing coefficients and how the mixing relates to other parameters such as tidal range and wind speed and direction.     

Nonlinear effects from wave-induced maximum vertical bending moment on a flexible ultra-large containership model in severe head and oblique seas

Vertical bending moment (VBM) is of crucial importance in ensuring the survival of vessels in rough seas. With regard to conventional vessels, wave-induced maximum VBM is normally considered to be experienced in head seas. It is conservative to determine the extreme VBM based on either numerical simulations or model tests in long-crested head seas. Extensive model tests have been conducted in head seas with focus on the nonlinear vertical responses in severe seas, and the measured results were compared with numerical calculations for validation. Unexpected phenomena, however, were observed during the model tests of an ultra-large containership. The maximum sagging and hogging VBMs were encountered in oblique seas. Furthermore, the significant wave height used in oblique seas was even smaller than that used in head seas. The nonlinear vertical load effects in oblique seas require further investigations for this particular vessel. Limited experimental results in oblique seas have been reported, in which the lateral responses were always more concerned than the vertical responses. Up to now, rare systematic comparisons of the nonlinear vertical responses between head and oblique seas have been published, especially when the hydroelastic effects are also accounted for. A 13000-TEU ultra-large containership model, which was designed by Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI), has been tested in the towing tank and the ocean basin at the Marintek center in Trondheim. The experimental results in regular waves are first compared between head and oblique seas. The statistical characteristics of the VBM amidships under nineteen irregular wave conditions are then investigated. Next, the extreme hogging and sagging VBMs are compared under different wave conditions with focus on the extreme hogging VBMs. At the end of the paper, the uncertainties in the experiments are discussed.     

长江口北支崇启大桥处潮位和盐度过程研究

位于长江口北支的崇启大桥处于盐淡水交替区,其混凝土桥墩易受海水腐蚀。为给桥墩抗腐试验提供必要的潮位变动区范围和盐度试验参数,建立了基于无结构网格的长江口盐水数值模型,计算分析了在不同径流量和外海潮汐边界条件下,崇启大桥断面潮位变幅及盐度变动过程。研究表明崇启大桥处潮位变幅大,潮汐是控制崇启大桥处水位变动范围的关键因素;桥墩处盐度整体取决于入海径流量,流量增加促使盐度降低,反之亦然;潮汐作用促使桥墩处呈现短周期性振荡盐度,盐度范围为10‰～26‰,其中枯季盐度平稳,洪季变幅大。