光脉冲在LOA-XGM中传输的特性

为了验证线性光放大器的性能，建立了光脉冲在LOA中传输的理论模型，分析了放大器处于增益饱和状态下交叉增益调制效应对传输脉冲的影响、脉冲在LOA中传输的特性，以及不同脉宽对于增益、载流子密度和寿命的影响．结果表明：在相同的信号脉冲峰值增益下，增大抽运光功率或减小探测光功率均使输出脉冲峰值减小；当抽运光功率小于（大于）0．5mW时，输出脉冲上升时间随探测光功率的增加而增加（减小）；随着输入脉冲波长增加，输出脉冲上升时间变长，峰值功率变小；输入脉冲越宽，对载流子密度及其寿命和增益的影响越小．     

考虑损耗时拉曼放大泵浦光的偏振效应

利用高非线性和较大吸收损耗的光子晶体光纤制作光纤拉曼放大器,是当前的一种趋势,这导致泵浦光非线性旋转效应明显增强．本文在考虑吸收损耗条件下,研究了泵浦光的非线性旋转问题,首次得出了连续光条件下的解析解．结果表明,输入线偏振光与圆偏振光都不会产生非线性旋转,只有椭圆偏振光才有非线性旋转．旋转是绕着邦加球的纬线进行,s3保持不变．随着吸收损耗的增加,有效长度变小,相对的旋转速度变慢．这表明,如果光纤对于泵浦光的吸收越强,越有利于拉曼放大．     

Load Balancing in WDM Optical Networks with and without Wavelength—Continuity Constraints

In practical optical networks, there is often the same number of wavelengths in a fiber. But if it is not carefully designed, there will be much difference in link load among different fibers, and unnecessary wavelengths will be needed. This paper investigated this load balancing issues to minimize the wavelength requirements. Both Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and heuristic algorithms were presented to solve such a problem in WDM optical networks with or without wavelength-continuity constraints.     

Theoretical analysis of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for 2.700 μm laser amplification

The rate equations and power evolution equations of erbium-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for both 1.530 and 2.700 μm lasers are solved numerically, the dependences of gain spectra on fiber length, dopant concentration and pump power are analyzed, and the gain of 2.700 μm laser is calculated and compared with the experimental result from reference. The numerical analysis shows that with 8 × 10²⁴ ion/m³ erbium ion concentration, 5m fiber length and 600mW pump power, the gains at 1.530 and 2.700 μm may achieve 23dB or so. With larger power pump and higher dopant concentration, a net gain of 17 dB is obtained from the Er³⁺-doped telluride glass fiber amplifier for 110mW input signal. This fiber amplifier is promising for both 1.530 μm signal amplification and 2.700 μm laser amplification.     

船舶进出港低速航向保持

为了在船舶进出港时,船舶处于浅水域并以低速航行,在风、浪等强扰动作用下,增强航向控制性能,减小能源损耗,选择三阶Nomoto模型,将航速和水深变化反映到模型参数的变化上,基于闭环增益成形算法设计出一种具有适应性的鲁棒PID控制器,建立基于风、浪干扰的非线性船舶运动数学模型,并用S函数来实现。用PID控制器对非线性船舶运动数学模型进行控制,在Simulink环境中对各种水深、船速及海况进行航向控制仿真。从仿真曲线可看出其航向跟踪效果良好,静差为0,且施舵合理,所设计的控制器对非线性船舶运动数学模型具有良好的控制性能。     

Research on High Power Inter-Channel Crosstalk Attack in Optical Networks

While all-optical networks become more and more popular as the basis of the next generation Internet(NGI)infrastructure,such networks raise many critical security issues.High power inter-channel crosstalk attack is one of the security issues which have negative effect on information security in optical networks.Optical fiber in optical networks has some nonlinear characteristics,such as self phase modulation(SPM),cross phase modulation(XPM),four-wave mixing(FWM)and stimulated Raman scattering(SRS).They can be used to implement high power inter-channel crosstalk attack by malicious attackers.The mechanism of high power inter-channel crosstalk attack is analyzed.When an attack occurs,attack signal power and fiber nonlinear refractive index are the main factors which affect quality of legitimate signals.The effect of high power inter-channel crosstalk attack on quality of legitimate signals is investigated by building simulation system in VPI software.The results show that interchannel crosstalk caused by high power attack signal leads to quality deterioration of legitimate signals propagated in the same fiber.The higher the power of attack signal is,the greater the fiber nonlinear refractive index is.The closer the channel spacing away from the attack signal is,the more seriously the legitimate signals are affected by attack.We also find that when attack position and power of attack signal are constant,attack signal cannot infinitely spread,while its attack ability shows a fading trend with the extension of propagation distance.     

Gain and emission spectrum characteristics of 465nm laser diode pumped Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped telluride glass fibers

Gain and emission spectrum characteristics of Tm³⁺-doped telluride glass fibers pumped with 465 nm lasers are analyzed. The rate and power propagation equation groups of the fibers are solved numerically and the effects of the fiber parameters including active ion concentration, length and pump power on the gain spectra and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectra are analyzed. The results show that with a pump parameter of 465 nm/200mW, a doping concentration of 2.5×10²⁵ ion/m³ and a fiber length of 16m, the gain and ASE spectra can cover from 1.100 to 1.900 μm, and the gain and ASE power peaks can reach 52 dB and 8mW, respectively.     

Wavelength reservation scheme with switch fabric status in distributed mesh optical networks

A new wavelength reservation scheme is proposed to mitigate the connection setup time and minimize the reconfiguration times of optical cross-connects (OXCs) for WDM optical networks in this study. In this scheme, we consider the reconfiguration information of switch fabrics in the signaling protocol, which is designated as the signaling with switch fabric status (SWFS). Distributed reservation algorithms will reserve the wavelength with minimum of reconfiguration times of OXCs along the route. Simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes with switch fabrics status have shorter setup time, lower switching ratio as well as better blocking performance than those of the traditional classic schemes. Moreover, the proposed schemes with SWFS significantly reduce the number of switch fabrics that need to be reconfigured. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60632010 and 60572029) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA01Z251)     

Lasing Frequency Up-Conversion by Using Thermal Population

We theoretically demonstrate a model which can be used to analyze frequency up-conversion of a laser wavelength by using thermal population. The proposed model uses a rate equation model of ytterbium-doped fiber with thermal population effect. The rate and power propagation equations are set up and numerically analyzed to elucidate the dependence of frequency up-conversion efficiency and thermal-optical conversion efficiency on ambient thermal power. The analytical techniques and numerical results show that using pump laser at 1 000 nm,the wavelength can be converted into 900 nm with an up-conversion quantum efficiency of about 99.97% and a cooling efficiency of about 11.1%. This theoretical model is a promising candidate for vast applications in energyefficient laser and energy-utilizing field.     

改性沥青路面平整度控制技术在新疆公路中的应用

公路面层的平整度综合反映了路基及各结构层的平整度,路面的平整度不好,会严重影响车辆的安全行驶和道路的使用寿命。但是,在施工完成后,路面平整度很难再得到弥补和改善。鉴于此,结合新疆地区公路的实际情况探究改性沥青路面平整控制技术的应用,以期为相关工程提供参考和借鉴。     

基于预测控制的动态配料系统非线性误差研究

对混凝土搅拌站动态配料系统的非线性误差的控制过程进行了分析,在系统动态称重配料过程的误差控制中引入预测控制算法.通过多次调试修改,该系统的配料精度和速度都达到要求,整个系统的效率也得到了提高.Matlab仿真表明:预测控制是对操作员经验的模拟,在模型匹配时性能良好,表现出鲁棒性强、超调量小的特点,便于在工业控制领域推广应用.     

Nonlinear anisotropic composite biomechanical modeling of human skin

A 3D nonlinear anisotropic composite biomechanical modeling of human skin was developed according to existing biomechanical experimental results, which can provide insights into the important structure-function relationship and parameters in skin tissue. A structural approach determines the macroscopic mechanical response of the skin tissue from its underlying structural components. The collagen fibers were embedded into a block of elastic gel matrix. The constitutive matrix of skin tissue consisted of both of collagen fiber and elastic gel block according to the rule that the collagen fibers were undulated with the ability to resist load only when completely straightened. The nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical responses were largely due to varying degree of fiber undulation. Statistical distributions were used to determine the extent of fiber undulation. The comparison of stress-strain plots between the modeling and experimental results showed the good coordination of the both. Some model parameters were discussed to compute the macroscopic mechanical response when the tissue block was subject to a simple deformation mode.     

GSM-R网络切换掉话的分析与处理

为解决石太客运专线GSM—R网络的切换掉话的问题．利用话务统计分析、路测与动态测试等网络优化方法,对网络所用切换算法和光纤直放站对基站接收性能的影响进行了理论研究．分析结果确定,切换掉话原因为网络场强覆盖不合理和光纤直放站的上行增益过高造成的．本文采用调整相邻小区天线俯仰角和下调直放站上行增益的方法,实现了两个小区之间的正常切换,解决了该切换掉话的问题．     

DC gain analysis of scaled CMOS op amp in Sub-100 nm technology nodes: A research based on channel length modulation effect

Metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) intrinsic gain degradation caused by channel length modulation (CLM) effect is examined. A simplified model based on Berkeley short-channel insulator-gate field effect transistor model version 4 (BSIM4) current expression for sub-100 nm MOSFET intrinsic gain is deduced, which only needs a few technology parameters. With this transistor intrinsic gain model, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) operational amplifier (op amp) DC gain could be predicted. A two-stage folded cascode op amp is used as an example in this work. Non-minimum length device is used to improve the op amp DC gain. An improvement of 20 dB is proved when using doubled channel length design. Optimizing transistor bias condition and using advanced technology with thinner gate dielectric thickness and shallower source/drain junction depth can also increase the op amp DC gain. After these, a full op amp DC gain scaling roadmap is proposed, from 130 nm technology node to 32 nm technology node. Five scaled op amps are built and their DC gains in simulation roll down from 69.6 to 41.1 dB. Simulation shows transistors biased at higher source-drain voltage will have more impact on the op amp DC gain scaling over technology. The prediction based on our simplified gain model agrees with SPICE simulation results.     

复掺技术对混凝土抗硫酸盐干湿循环性能的影响

通过试验研究了多元矿物掺合料、引气剂及聚丙烯纤维复掺混凝土在静止溶液和流动循环溶液两种浸蚀条件下的抗硫酸盐干湿循环性能。结果表明:多元矿物掺合料、引气剂、聚丙烯纤维复掺有利于改善混凝土的抗硫酸盐干湿循环性能;混凝土聚丙烯纤维体积掺量小于0.2%、含气量小于6%时,随纤维和引气剂掺量增大,混凝土的抗硫酸盐干湿循环性能增强;降低混凝土的渗透性是改善其抗硫酸盐干湿循环性能的良好途径。     

双甲基脲晶体的线性与二阶非线性光学性质研究

采用平面波赝势方法(PAW)和局域密度近似(LDA)的第一性原理方法计算了双甲基脲晶体的电子结构,采用密度矩阵理论计算了双甲基脲晶体的介电函数和倍频系数,并将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行分析.与尿素晶体的光学性质比较分析表明:双甲基脲晶体的线性与非线性光学性质与尿素相似,并...     

The Analysis of Angle Resolution of Stress Vector Sensor Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Cable for High Speed Railway Traffic

With the development of high speed railway traffic, the structure health monitoring for high-speed rail is necessary due to the safety issue. Optical fiber sensing technology is one of the options to solve it. Stress vector information is the important index to make more reasonable judgments about railway safety. However, information sensed by lots of commercial optical sensors is scalar. According to the stress filed distribution of rail, this paper proposes a new type of stress vector sensor based on optical fiber sensing cable (OFSC) with a symmetrical seven optical fibers structure and analyzes the relations between angle resolution and distance between adjacent of optical fibers through finite-element software (ANSYS) simulation. Through reasonable distance configuration, the angle resolution of the OFSC can be improved, and thus stress vector information, including the stress magnitude and the angle of stress, can be more accurately obtained. The simulation results are helpful to configure OFSC for angle resolution improvement in actual practice, and increase the safety factor in high speed railway structure health monitoring.     

Modeling Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Codoped Telluride Glass Fiber for 0.4 to 2.0 μm Emission Spectra

The modeling of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier is accomplished by utilizing the rate and propagation equations of distinct levels for a laser medium. A complex theoretical model for neodymium (Nd³⁺), erbium (Er³⁺), thulium (Tm³⁺) and ytterbium (Yb³⁺) codoped telluride glass fiber covering 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra is presented. The emission spectra of Nd³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped telluride fiber are realized with the excitation of both 808 and 980 nm lasers pumped at 500mW. Numerical methods are used to calculate the emission spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm. With the Nd³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ion concentrations fixed at 2 × 10²⁰ ion/m³, the Er³⁺ ion concentration optimized to 8 × 1020 ion/m3 and the fiber length spanning from 0.5 to 2 m, a peak amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power of 19.8mW is attainable, and a minimum ASE power of 7.96mW can also be achieved. The analytical techniques and results indicate that when a telluride codoped fiber with suitable ion concentrations of Nd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ is excited by both 980 and 808 nm pump lasers, 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra are attainable for vast optical applications.     

Study on toughening on crack prevention of jointed rock masses with different pre-stress anchor cables

The major reason of the failure of jointed rock-mass is the formation of the plastic zone near the crack tip of I-II mixed crack which leads to the growth, propagation of the branched crack under load condition. In the paper, the failure judgment of mini-plastic zone??s displacement is derived by the Mises yielding rule. The anchor cable is simulated by the different link elements and inflicting pre-strains according to the difference of mechanism of the consolidated segment and free segment. The stress and strain fields near crack tip of twain collinear cracks of different angles and consolidated conditions are simulated by iso-parametric element with eight nodes. The iso-parametric element with eight nodes is degenerated to singular element at crick tip to simulate crack. It is shown that the mini plastic zone??s displacement near the crack tip begins to increase, then decreases with the increase of the angle of the crack. The better consolidated condition is, the smaller the angle of crack tip is when the mini plastic zone??s displacement near the crack tip arrives at the biggest value. The mini plastic zone??s displacement near the crack Tip 2 is bigger than that near the crack Tip 3. The crack is easier to failure with the increase of load.     

机场道面合成纤维混凝土的耐久性

为了提高道面混凝土的耐久性,在室内对单丝聚丙烯、网状聚丙烯和聚丙烯腈纤维混凝土进行了抗渗性、抗冻性和耐磨性试验。抗渗性试验采用静水压力法和氯离子渗透法,抗冻性试验采用快冻法,耐磨性试验采用滚珠轴承法。试验结果表明:当纤维体积率为0·10%时,合成纤维混凝土的抗冻性和抗渗性比普通道面混凝土提高了40%~160%,纤维混凝土的耐磨度比普通混凝土提高了23%~50%;合成纤维的体积率为0·15%~0·18%时,混凝土的抗渗性与抗冻性最好。