The bending vibration response and approximate calculation of elastic cylindrical shell

Useful structure characteristics of elastic cylindrical shells have led them to being widely applied in virtual projects, so it is important to conduct vibration research on the shells and find it＇s a simpler corresponding compact calculation method. Utilising the input and transfer point mobility of a thin plate structure, a theoretical expression of the cylindrical shell＇s bending vibration responsewas deduced and numerical simulations were done to simplify the theoretical expression within an acceptable error margin, greatly reducing the amount of computations. Furthermore, whole vibration response distributions of the cylindrical shell were analyzed. It was found thathe vibration energy propagates in helical form under mono-frequency excitation, while under bandwidth frequency excitation, it attenuates around in term of fluctuation. The axial attenuation rate of the vibration energy is larger than the circumferential attenuation rate.     

Global robust and adaptive output feedback dynamic positioning of surface ships

A constructive method was presented to design a global robust and adaptive output feedback controller for dynamic positioning of surface ships under environmental disturbances induced by waves, wind, and ocean currents. The ship’s parameters were not required to be known. An adaptive observer was first designed to estimate the ship’s velocities and parameters. The ship position measurements were also passed through the adaptive observer to reduce high frequency measurement noise from entering the control system. Using these estimate signals, the control was then designed based on Lyapunov’s direct method to force the ship’s position and orientation to globally asymptotically converge to desired values. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system. In conclusion, the paper presented a new method to design an effective control system for dynamic positioning of surface ships.     

船舶虚拟装配集成化建模方法研究(英文)

A new method of virtual ship assembly modeling which integrates ship three-dimensional design and ship construction planning was described in this paper. A workflow model of simulation modeling based on the virtual ship assembly process was also established; furthermore, a method of information transformation between the ship three-dimensional design and ship construction plan was formulated. To meet the requirements of information sharing between different systems in the ship virtual assembly, a simulation database was created by using the software engineering design method and the relational data model. With the application of this database, the information of ship three-dimensional design, construction planning, and virtual assembly can be integrated into one system. Subsequently, this new method was applied as a tool to simulate the virtual assembly of a ship, and the results guarantee its rationality and reliability.     

航行于波浪中的肥大型船波浪增阻计算研究(英文)

Under the background of the energy saving and emission reduction, more and more attention has been placed on investigating the energy efficiency of ships. The added resistance has been noted for being crucial in predicting the decrease of speed on a ship operating at sea. Furthermore, it is also significant to investigate the added resistance for a ship functioning in short waves of large modern ships. The researcher presents an estimation formula for the calculation of an added resistance study in short waves derived from the reflection law. An improved method has been proposed to calculate the added resistance due to ship motions, which applies the radiated energy theory along with the strip method. This procedure is based on an extended integral equation (EIE) method, which was used for solving the hydrodynamic coefficients without effects of the irregular frequency. Next, a combined method was recommended for the estimation of added resistance for a ship in the whole wave length range. The comparison data with other experiments indicate the method presented in the paper provides satisfactory results for large blunt ship.     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

Analytical and experimental study of free vibration of beams carrying multiple masses and springs

The structures in engineering can be simplified intoelastic beams with concentrated masses and elastic spring supports.Studying the law of vibration of the beams can be a help in guidingits design and avoiding resonance. Based on the Laplace transformmethod, the mode shape functions and the frequency equations ofthe beams in the typical boundary conditions are derived. Acantilever beam with a lumped mass and a spring is selected toobtain its natural frequencies and mode shape functions. Anexperiment was conducted in order to get the modal parameters ofthe beam based on the NExT-ERA method. By comparing theanalytical and experimental results, the effects of the locations ofthe mass and spring on the modal parameter are discussed. Thevariation of the natural frequencies was obtained with the changingstiffness coefficient and mass coefficient, respectively. The findingsprovide a reference for the vibration analysis methods and thelumped parameters layout design of elastic beams used inengineering.     

一种改进的海洋平台结构损伤诊断方法研究(英文)

In the exploitation of ocean oil and gas, many offshore structures may be damaged due to the severe environment, so an effective method of diagnosing structural damage is urgently needed to locate the damage and evaluate its severity. Genetic algorithms have become some of the most important global optimization tools and been widely used in many fields in recent years because of their simple operation and strong robustness. Based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, the damage diagnosis of a jacket offshore platform is attributed to an optimization problem and studied by using a genetic algorithm. According to the principle that the structural stiffness of a certain direction can be greatly affected only when the brace bar in the corresponding direction is damaged, an improved objective function was proposed in this paper targeting measurement noise and the characteristics of modal identification for offshore platforms. This function can be used as fitness function of a genetic algorithm, and both numerical simulation and physical model test results show that the improved method may locate the structural damage and evaluate the severity of a jacket offshore platform satisfactorily while improving the robustness of evolutionary searching and the reliability of damage diagnosis.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

运行模态分析技术在船舶结构振动中的应用

运行模态分析是一种仅基于环境激励下结构的响应来提取模态参数的方法．通常假设环境激励为白噪声进行分析。实际上,船舶航行过程中所受激励十分复杂,除受海浪等随机激励外,还受到来自螺旋桨、主机等确定的单频激励。因此航行中的船舶所受激励应假设为白噪声和确定频率的激励同时存在。讨论运行模态分析方法在船舶结构中应用的可行性;在白噪声激励假设下,提出使用自互谱密度法来进行结构模态参数识别,并用简支梁实验对上述方法进行验证。最后将该方法运用于对某船航行中桅杆的振动响应数据进行分析和讨论。     

船舶结构运行模态参数辨识研究

运行模态分析是仅基于结构运行状态下的响应来提取结构模态参数的一种方法,通常假设环境激励为白噪声进行分析。实际上,船舶航行过程所受激励十分复杂,不能简单地假设为白噪声激励,由主机和螺旋桨等产生的确定频率激励同样存在。因此,航行中船舶所受激励可以假设为白噪声和简谐激励同时存在。进一步讨论了运行模态技术在船舶结构振动分析中应用的可行性和前景。研究使用带阻数字滤波技术滤除激励中的简谐成分来提高结构真实模态的辨识精度。讨论了自互功率谱密度法,并研究使用此方法提取同时受白噪声和简谐激励作用的简支梁的模态参数。实验结果表明该方法能够较准确地识别出同时受白噪声和简谐激励的结构模态参数。这对于分析航行中船舶有害振动结构的模态特征,并实施有效的减振优化措施具有很广泛的实际意义。     

环境激励下船舶结构模态参数识别方法综述

基于模态分析理论,对环境激励下的模态参数识别方法进行归纳总结,讨论了不同模态参数识别方法的基本思想和优缺点,并着重介绍船舶航行状态下的模态参数识别。文章对国内模态参数识别的研究热点问题进行了阐述,为相关科研人员研究环境激励下模态参数识别提供了有益参考。     

基于运行模态分析的船舶推进轴系状态监测

论文提出一种基于运行模态分析(OMA)的新的船舶推进轴系状态监测方法。论文以船舶推进轴系试验台为试验对象,获取轴系运行时不同加载工况下的扭振信号,利用基于数据的随机子空间法(DD-SSI)识别扭振的固有频率,并与已知的试验模态分析(EMA)识别的轴系静态时同一加载工况下的结果进行对比,验证运行模态分析识别结果的准确性,并研究不同加载工况下轴系扭振固有频率随加载工况的变化规律。试验结果表明,运行模态分析能够准确识别轴系的扭振固有频率,且扭振固有频率的增量与加载量呈正相关,因而运行模态分析可以用作一种新的船舶推进轴系状态监测方法。     

A study of vibration and vibration control of ship structures

This paper examines the vibration characteristics and vibration control of complex ship structures. It is shown that input mobilities of a ship structure at engine supports, due to out-of-plane force or bending moment excitations, are governed by the flexural stiffness of the engine supports. The frequency averaged input mobilities of the ship structure, due to such excitations, can be represented by those of the corresponding infinite beam. The torsional moment input mobility at the engine support can be estimated from the torsional response of the engine bed section under direct excitation. It is found that the inclusion of ship hull and deck plates in the ship structure model has little effect on the frequency-averaged response of the ship structure. This study also shows that vibration propagation in complex ship structures at low frequencies can be attenuated by imposing irregularities to the ring frame locations in ships. Vibration responses of ship structures due to machinery excitations at higher frequencies can be controlled by structural modifications of the local supporting structures such as engine beds in ships.     

船舶结构动载试验的基于参考测点随机子空间法

文章提出了基于参考点的随机子空间船舶模态参数识别方法.该方法直接根据环境激励下测得的输出响应来构建Hankel矩阵,并通过QR分解技术对数据进行精简,再对投影矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD)来剔除噪声,最后识别出结构的模态参数.它不受FFT(傅立叶变换)的影响,识别速度快,精度高.对于需快速识别船舶结构的模态参数,检测其可能存在的损伤,建立起预警及适时维修机制提供了有效手段.     

Structural behaviour of a high tensile steel deck using trapezoidal stiffeners and dynamics of vehicle–deck interactions

As an early part of a large design and fabrication-oriented project FasdHTS funded by the GROWTH programme of the European Commission, an exotic concept ship was designed in very high tensile steel (EHS690) with the purpose of finding out consequences for design and production. The project has already produced a considerable bank of knowledge for design and shipyard production in this material.This paper presents analysis and discussions on static and dynamic behaviour of a high tensile steel deck designed with trapezoidal stiffeners. First, a finite element model of the deck structure is created. The influence of support condition for the longitudinal girders, and the contact area between the vehicle tyre and panel were analysed. The results from modal analysis of the structure under different load conditions are presented. The different load conditions comprise the unloaded and loaded deck, and the load type, i.e. cargo loads or vehicle loads (car loads or truck loads). From the frequency response analysis under harmonic excitation, it shows how the locations and numbers of cars parked on the deck influence the dynamic response of the structure. Furthermore, by studying the car–deck interaction, it is found that the effects of normal cargo loads are quite different from the vehicle loads due to the spring/damping effects of the vehicles. It is suggested that the carloads have a similar mechanism to that of tuned mass dampers. Finally, two transient analyses of the structure due to excitations transferred from deck supports and lorry braking-induced loading are performed. It is suggested that the deck structure and vehicle design could have more interactions with each other.     

内河电力推进船功能区振动响应分析

船舶总是会因其动力源、推进器、波浪以及其他外部激励的作用而产生振动,甚至有害振动。文章通过有限元方法对某电力推进内河船不同功能区结构进行螺旋桨和主机激励作用下的振动响应计算,对比螺旋桨和主机激励作用下不同功能区的振动响应,并判断振动产生的速度及加速度幅值是否符合CCS相关规定的要求。结果表明,在螺旋桨激励作用下,不同功能区振动响应远大于主机激励作用下的振动响应,电力推进装置所产生激振力对电力推进船舶的振动几乎没有影响。由此,对电力推进系统助推的船舶振动计算分析及该类船的设计提供一定的参考。     

船用新型雷达桅振动特性

应对某船的船体结构发生变化，设计新型雷达桅及两种加强方案。建立有限元模型，采用模态叠加法得到两种新方案的纵向和横向固有频率及振型，并与原方案进行谐响应分析。对比分析发现，新方案的振动响应较为理想，其结论可供同类型船舶设计时参考。