基于胜任力的培训效果评价分析

近年来,胜任力逐渐开始应用于部队官兵教育训练领域。文章在分析胜任力含义的基础上,提出胜任力空间概念。通过将胜任力模型引入到军队人才的培训效果评价中,分析了胜任力模型的构建流程,探索了以胜任力为基础的军队人才培训效果评价模型,以期对军队人才的培训起到积极作用。     

基于胜任素质模型谈航运企业海员培训

文章基于"胜任素质模型"理论,初步构建了"海员胜任素质模型",用于发现优秀海员与普通海员间的差距,并对航运企业如何在公司发展战略引领下有效开展海员培训,提出了相应的对策建议。     

船长胜任力职务分析问卷的编制

本研究采用职务分析中的人员取向问卷方法,对2 76名海员和航运管理人员进行了问卷调查。因素分析表明,船长胜任力由5个因素组成:职业品德、职业知识、职业技术能力、社会认知能力和体质体能。每个分量表由若干项目组成(如决策能力、指挥能力等) ,共33个项目,各分量表的信度系数(Cronbachα)在0 .7172 - 0 .85 71之间,全量表的系数为0 .92 93。并用心理图示法呈现船长胜任力特征曲线。研究结果表明,本量表具有较高的信度和效度,符合心理测量学要求,为建构船长胜任力模型提供理论基础。     

海员在船履职评价指标体系构建

为对海员在船履职情况进行科学评价,建立海员履职评价指标体系,选取履职绩效、履职能力和个人素养等3个指标作为一级评价指标,通过专家权重模糊评价法对海员履职情况进行综合评价。抽选某超大型航运企业船长在船履职材料,应用评价指标体系进行在船履职综合评价,得出可供船长改进工作作参考的评价信息。     

基于云模型的船舶电子电气员胜任力综合评价方法

介绍了正向云的数字特征,将正向云以及云的加法和乘法运算应用到船舶电子电气员胜任力综合评价中。根据相关文献,建立了船舶电子电气员胜任力的多层次评价体系,结合专家打分法给出指标的定性权重和评价语,利用正向云算法将其转换为云的数字特征,通过运算得出系统顶层指标的定量评估值,最后再将其转换为符合人习惯的定性评价。     

班组长胜任力素质模型的构建与应用

针对班组长的岗位特点,应用胜任力理论基础,通过对班组长任职能力关健词的统计、汇总,提练影响班组长胜任力的关健要素,建立班组长胜任力模型,探讨模型在班组长培训中的应用。     

港口国监督检查官胜任力模型的初步构建

提出港口国监督检查官(PSCO)胜任力模型研究的课题,以PSCO为研究对象,通过文献分析、组织战略分析、工作岗位分析、访谈分析、调查问卷分析等途径提炼胜任力要素,从而完成PSCO胜任力模型的初步构建,为提升PSCO胜任力水平、改进人力资源管理工作提供理论支撑。     

船员适任性多层次灰色综合评价研究

为了定量评价船员的适任能力,依据胜任力绩效评价理论建立了4个层次的船员适任性评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重,利用灰色评价理论构建了船员适任性多层次灰色评价模型。它将评价者的分散信息处理成一个描述不同灰类程度的权向量,再对其进行单值化处理,得到受评者的评价值,可以定量区别船员的实际适任能力,并能分析各评价指标所属的灰类分布情况,通过对模型的实例验证,充分表明其科学性和合理性。模型的建立对于船员的甄选和业绩考核,完善船公司薪酬制度和激励机制,改进船员管理模式,保证海上航行安全,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

胜任力模型在航海类专业毕业实习中的应用

针对航海专业实习生在毕业实习中忽略个体内在特质的现状,采取文献研究和实地调研的方法,分析胜任力模型在航海专业实习生毕业实习中的重要作用,论述了胜任力模型在航海毕业实习中的具体应用。     

海事执法人员胜任力模型设计

为给海事执法人员的招聘、选拔、优化配置、培训及管理工作提供依据，提高海事系统内部的人岗匹配度，促进我国海事管理又好又快地发展，以胜任力冰山模型理论为基础，参照国家公务员通用素质要求、海事执法人员具体岗位要求和人格特质要求，综合使用行为事件访谈法、演绎法和限定选项法，将海事执法人员胜任力因子按知识素质、能力素质和个性动机3个维度进行分解，提炼出22个胜任力因子，从而形成胜任力模型，并指出模型应用中应注意的问题。     

Seafarers’ perceptions of competency in risk assessment and management: an empirical study

Past analysis of accident investigations suggest an absence of or inadequate practices of risk assessment and management on board vessels. Although the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (ISM Code) requires that the risk management process must not only be correctly formulated and implemented but also be periodically evaluated in order to verify that these objectives are attained, the correct and effective implementation and application of the process cannot be achieved without active involvement of competent seafarers on board. Due to the limited investigation of seafarers’ competencies in risk management, the reasons for the inadequacies in the process that are leading to accidents were not evident. Hence, using a survey, this paper conducted a pilot study investigating seafarers’ perceptions of competency in the various components of the risk management process conducted on board vessels. The findings of this paper suggest an overall satisfaction with the risk assessment process. However, there is certainly room for improvement as far as seafarers’ performance is concerned. The findings of this paper provided valuable insights into the current training regimes in the area of risk assessment and management paving the way towards enhanced safety procedures on board vessels.     

The relationship between maritime education and employer trust: the structural equation modelling (SEM) perspective

The research is aimed to identify factors in the maritime education and training (MET) system and its relationship on maritime labour employers’ (MLEs) trust based on current practice in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was used, and the respondents were the participants of a related conference in Malaysia. The structural equation modelling technique was used to explain the relationships in the stipulated research model. The test of structural model confirms that the model is adequate in explaining the MLEs’ trust. The results reveal that the perceived MET institutions’ efficiency has significant direct effects on the MLEs’ trust and the perceived seafarers’ competency. In addition, the perceived implementation of International Convention was found to significantly affect the seafarers’ competency. However, the perceived seafarers’ competency was not found to directly affect the MLEs’ trust. This study suggests that the MLEs’ trust is an important indicator and feedback on it can be used to further enhance the current MET system and its policies. Thus, one of the strategies is to develop a policy in order to achieve an effective maritime education and training. This is to support the maritime communities in progressing towards a more sustainable development in the MET in the context of enhancing the maritime safety.     

深化船员培训、考试体制改革 提高船员综合素质

文中指出了《中华人民共和国船员培训管理规则》(交通运输部2009年10号令)为我国船员培训体制的改革奠定了基础,分析了我国目前船员培训、监管和考评体系改革的必要性,并通过对英国的职业教育模式和美国、菲律宾的船员考试监管模式的分析,提出了我国船员培训体制改革的新构想和船员考试、评估模式改革的新思路。     

Selective replacement of national by non-national seafarers in OECD countries and the employment function in the maritime sector

Commonly, in the shipping industry of the developed Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, national seafarers are progressively being replaced by non-national ones. The present paper aims to provide a model for this tendency. Our analysis is based on the assumption that when shipowners are called to make decisions concerning crew characteristics (such as crew composition and employment levels), they address themselves to two distinct seafarer markets: the domestic (seafarers from OECD countries, henceforth to be referred to as ‘national’) and the non-national (seafarers from other countries). Whilst workers of the first market are better examples in the field of ‘on-the-job-performance’ (in terms of efficiency and loyalty) than workers of the second, shipowners set their domestic employment rule with the view to maximize their profits facing wages and ‘on-the-job-performance’ from national and non-national seafarers alike. Thus, national seafarers are chiefly recruited as officers and the employment level of non-national seafarers are residual, formed thereafter. Our findings point out that the employment rule concerning nationals is negatively affected by the former's wages, and positively by the wage increases of non-national seafarers and by eventual increases of the differential between the ‘on the job performance’ of nationals and that of non-national seafarers of corresponding specialisation.     

Code of behaviour at sea: women seafarers’ shipboard identity management

The employment of women on cargo ships, particularly at officer’s level, is paid more attention in order to supplement the shortage of qualified officers. However, seafaring jobs are still overwhelmingly dominated by men, and there seems to be gender-related challenges for women in such work environment. Women seafarers in this research are those who work in the ship operational sections on cargo ships as deck officers, engineers or radio officers. A total of 36 female and 8 male seafarers from eight different countries participated in the project and shared their experiences of working on board ships. The research revealed that the occupational culture of seafaring often reflects masculine norms and values which could affect women seafarers’ behaviour and attitudes. This paper further explores how women manage such situations on board by utilising various strategies in order to avoid gender-related problems. This study identifies a typical pattern of women seafarers’ identity management and creates a model of women’s strategic shifting patterns over time.     

浅谈新常态下海员的现状与可持续发展

海员是我国从海洋大国向海洋强国转变的中流砥柱,他们为发展国民经济、保证航运安全和扩大对外开放做出了巨大的贡献。但是从当前形势来分析,我国对海员的教育培训力度和关怀力度却远远跟不上海洋经济的发展。文中主要指出我国海员目前所面临的发展现状,结合国外海员的发展模式及可吸取的经验,对我国海员的可持续发展做出较为全面的策略探讨。     

天津辖区就业的航海类院校毕业生的综合评价分析

文中通过对船员能力需求的分析，设计了船员综合素质调查问卷，进行了天津海事局辖区船员服务机构对不同航海院校毕业生的综合评价，并提出了针对性的建议。     

Towards safety improvement: implementation and assessment of new standards of competence for Electro-Technical Officers on ships

The paper deals with education of ship engineers as an integral part of maritime policy in global shipping. The central problem, how to reconcile technological advancement with training en route to improving safety, is defined. A complete conceptual model for solving a central question is formulated and described. At the beginning, a short analysis of technological advances and the need for training is presented. Next, the basic components of conceptual model, including implementation and assessment of new standards of competences for Electro-Technical Officers in the wake of Maritime Education and Training (MET) development are discussed. A key point of the assessment procedure is focused on the formulation of criterion defining the impact of new standards on the given processes characterizing a professional carrier development of seafarers. These processes, which mean certification process and recruitment of candidates to seafarer profession, are strongly linked with and influenced on MET development and improving the safety of shipping. Empirical application by pointing the Polish case study to the framework of conceptual model under consideration is shown and analysed. Finally, the future works as well as the concluding remarks are formulated and commented on.     

海员心理健康的研究

本文对海员心理健康研究方法、海员心理健康现状及其影响因素、海员心理卫生保障等方面进行了回顾与展望，提出了保障海员心理卫生的相关建议，为海员心理健康的深入研究提供借鉴。     

‘Get yourself a proper job girlie!’: recruitment,retention and women seafarers* [1]

This paper considers the issue of women's employment at sea in view of the current and predicted labour shortage in the industry. It reports on an International Labour Organization (ILO) commissioned study which aimed to explore employment policies and practices regarding women seafarers and the experiences of women seafarers themselves. The data suggested that those employers who had experience employing women seafarers were generally very positive about their skills and abilities. Women seafarers themselves were dedicated and committed to a sea-going career. The paper concludes that women seafarers are an under-recognized resource and, if utilized, could fill labour shortages in the industry, both in sea-going positions and in marine positions ashore that require sea-going experience. A series of recommendations are outlined in order to promote the recruitment and retention of women at sea.