燃料电池汽车正面碰撞安全性研究

燃料电池汽车在结构上有别于传统汽车,其碰撞安全性尤应关注.文中重点对燃料电池汽车结构特点进行研究,建立燃料电池汽车正面碰撞有限元模型,运用LS-DYNA仿真确定车辆安全性能设计方案.同时根据燃料电池汽车的特点阐述了对其碰撞试验方法的思考.通过实车正面碰撞试验,验证了车辆结构改进设计的效果.     

商用车正面碰撞模拟仿真及其结构优化

应用LS-DYNA软件对某商用车整车进行了正面碰撞模拟仿真试验。结果表明,实车碰撞试验与模拟仿真的车辆变形趋势一致。在此基础上,提出了减小车身地板纵梁变形的有效措施,改进后可使纵向变形减小20%,为提高汽车碰撞安全性能提供了参考依据。     

无乘员汽车正面碰撞仿真分析

为了掌握汽车正面碰撞时撞击力的传递路径、变形吸能及主要的车身评价指标,利用虚拟仿真技术研究无乘员的汽车正面碰撞。采用HyperMesh前处理软件,建立了某款车的整车模型;采用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA进行了100%正面碰撞仿真;运用后处理程序LS-PREPOST定量分析了计算数据,得出了车辆保险杠、前纵梁等正面碰撞主要部件的吸能能力、部件连接处的稳固性以及乘员舱的完整性方面需要改进,通过采用非凸截面多胞管梁及增加焊点等方法对局部构件进行了优化设计,并再次仿真验证了优化方案的可行性和合理性。     

正面小区域碰撞讨论

伴随着汽车技术的不断发展,人们对于汽车的安全性能也日益关注。在碰撞安全法规上,目前最严苛的当属美国公路安全保险协会IIHS提出的正面小区域碰撞。本文先介绍该碰撞测试的缘由、背景及测试工况,而后通过现有的实车测试报告及仿真试验数据对正面小区域碰撞过程中的碰撞力传递、能量传递、左侧B柱加速及车辆入侵量进行说明与分析,并总结出为什么在市多款车型在该碰撞测试下成绩不优秀及对车辆结构的改进提出方案。     

基于LS-DYNA的汽车正碰分析

文中利用NX三维建模软件构建了某汽车的三维几何模型,然后利用ANSA网格软件对三维模型进行网格划分处理,并用LS-DYNA对汽车正面碰撞安全性能进行分析,通过对某汽车正面碰撞仿真计算,分析了汽车正面主要结构在碰撞中的结构耐撞性,并就仿真结果与真实实验数据进行对比,以研究仿真结果的准确性。     

标准修改:N1类卡车有望进行强制性碰撞试验

GB 11551-2003<乘用车正面碰撞的乘员保护>已经实施多年,随着汽车技术的不断进步,该标准已经列入国标修订计划,项目编号为20091182-Q-339.在全国汽车标准化技术委员会的组织下,汽车碰撞试验标准工作组于2009年启动了修订工作,经过多次技术讨论与试验验证,提出了GB 11551<汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护>修订草案,其中的适用范围将增加N1类车型(最大设计总质量≤3.5 t的载货车辆).     

不同形式的汽车正面碰撞试验研究及分析

论述国际上几种典型的汽车正面碰撞试验的形式和方法,通过对同一车型和不同车型的碰撞试验假人的伤害指标、车身变形、车身加速度等方面的分析,揭示汽车在不同正面碰撞形式下的碰撞特性,以及现行试验方法存在的问题。     

轻型载货汽车驾驶室正面摆锤碰撞的动态响应模拟

以某轻型载货汽车驾驶室为研究对象,阐述了驾驶室正面碰撞有限元模型的建立和在LS-DYNA软件中求解碰撞仿真结果的方法及步骤,对驾驶室正面碰撞动态响应结果进行了分析,研究了驾驶室壳体结构碰撞后的变形及应力和位移的变化规律。     

基于仿真设计的电动汽车正面碰撞研究

以显式动态有限元理论为基础,利用LS-DYNA对某型电动汽车正面碰撞进行了仿真研究。使用HYPERMESH对几何模型进行了网格划分。有限元模型中分别使用点焊和节点耦合的方法模拟车身焊接及电池与底架的螺栓连接。通过对仿真模型的虚拟实验分析,对汽车底架结构进行了改进设计并对电池组的碰撞安全性进行了考察。对改进后的车身进行了正面碰撞仿真和正面碰撞试验,结果表明,仿真结果比较准确地反映了该车实际碰撞过程,改进后的底架结构有效地提高了驾驶室处底架的刚度,减小了横梁的弯曲变形,将车门的变形量控制在可接受范围内。     

乘用车座椅靠背角对乘员碰撞安全性的影响分析

为探讨副驾驶员座椅靠背角度对乘员碰撞安全性的影响,建立了某乘用车副驾驶员约束系统模型,采用LS-DYNA软件分析了该车型在正面碰撞时对应于不同座椅靠背角度的副驾驶员损伤情况。结果表明,随着靠背角度的增加,乘员的损伤加重,尤其是头部和颈部损伤。因此,在正面碰撞中,将副驾驶员靠背角度适当调小有利于对副驾驶员保护。     

Comparison of the optimum designs of center pillar assembly of an auto-body between conventional steel and ahss with a simplified side impact analysis

This study compares the optimum designs of center pillar assembly with advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) to that of conventional steel for crashworthiness and weight reduction in side impacts. A simplified side impact analysis method was used to simulate the crash behavior of the center pillar assembly with efficient computing time. Thickness optimization aims to perform an S-shaped deformation of the center pillar toward the cabin to reduce the injury level of a driver in a crash test. Center pillar members were regarded as an assembly of parts that are fabricated with tailor-welded blanks, and the thickness of each part was selected as a design variable. The thickness variables of parts that have significant effects on the deformation mechanism were extracted as the main design variables for thickness optimization based on the results of a sensitivity analysis with design of experiments. The optimization condition was constructed to induce an S-shaped deformation mode and reduce the weight of the center pillar assembly. An optimum design was obtained after several iterations with response surface methodology (RSM). Optimization was first performed with conventional steel and then with AHSS with the same procedure to optimize the crashworthiness of the center pillar assembly. After thickness optimization, optimum designs were applied to the full vehicle analysis to evaluate the validity of the optimization scheme with the simplified side impact analysis method. Then, the crashworthiness of optimum designs with conventional steel and AHSS were compared using the full vehicle analysis. This comparison demonstrates that AHSS can be more effectively utilized than conventional steel to obtain a lightweight design of an auto-body with enhanced crashworthiness.     

汽车结构耐撞性设计与优化研究综述

汽车的碰撞安全问题是汽车行业一直重点关注的问题之一,开展汽车结构的耐撞性设计已成为提升车辆碰撞安全性的重要手段。文章对国内外汽车结构耐撞性设计与优化的研究成果进行回顾与总结,鉴于碰撞过程的强非线性与众多设计准则相互耦合等特性,重点对近似多目标耐撞性优化方法及其应用进行综述,并分析存在的问题和进一步深入研究的方向。     

微型客车车身结构正面碰撞参数化模型的建立

选取某微型客车为研究对象,通过实车正面碰撞试验和计算机仿真分析,建立了用于概念设计阶段的面向微型客车车身结构正面抗撞性设计的参数化模型,阐述了建立模型的建模技术。所建的参数化模型已经通过了有效性验证,而且该模型支持微型客车概念设计阶段的结构正面抗撞性快速方案设计。     

基于Kriging模型的车身耐撞性优化设计

采用最优拉丁方法进行试验设计,基于Kriging模型建立汽车耐撞性评价指标的替代模型,然后利用替代模型建立耐撞性优化的数学模型并进行耐撞性优化。结果表明,基于Kriging的替代模型的拟合精度较高,采用该模型进行的优化可提高汽车的耐撞性。     

Crashworthiness of chromium plated plastic radiator grille

The use of plastic in vehicle development has increased. In particular, a design trend has resulted in chromiumplated plastics being used in exterior panels. Recently, as the appearance has become more important in design, the plastic radiator grille has become larger, to where it can become the primary member when a front collision happens. The radiator grille should be designed with considerations of the geometric structure, such as delamination, and material characteristics, when plastics are plated with chromium. The enlarged grille has to pass regulations like FMVSS Part 581. Although the material property of plastic has been studied before, what seems to be lacking is study on the crashworthiness of plastic radiator grilles that are plated using chromium. In this paper, in order to evaluate the crashworthiness, tensile test and front collision analysis using finite element method are performed. Tensile test is conducted with 4 types of materials, and then material properties of chromium-plated plastics are obtained. Meanwhile radiator grille’s crashworthiness is evaluated using finite element analysis method. Analysis result is evaluated according to failure criterion. Through this study, method of the assessment of plastic radiator grille’s crashworthiness considered material properties of chromium plated plastics is proposed, and it can be predicted the delamination and the failure point of radiator grille at the design step.     

考虑稳健性的汽车结构耐撞性优化设计

本文中基于C-NCAP中40%重叠度的偏置碰撞工况对某轿车进行结构耐撞性优化。为提高输出响应的预测精度,使用基于粒子群算法优化的支持向量回归模型来拟合设计变量与输出响应之间的关系,并利用非支配排序多目标遗传算法Ⅱ获得该优化问题的Pareto前沿。在确定性优化的基础上,并考虑产品性能在不确定因素影响下的波动,对其进行稳健性优化设计。最后,对优化结果进行有限元仿真验证。结果表明:优化后,结构质量减轻,耐撞性能明显提升,同时保障了稳定的产品性能。     

重型汽车保险杠低速碰撞性能分析

针对某重型载重汽车保险杠开展低速碰撞安全性研究.利用Hypermesh建立有限元模型,再用LS-DYNA显式动力分析有限元软件求解分析.分别建立重型汽车保险杠系统与刚性墙低速正碰,与摆锤偏碰2种工况,得到保险杠的变形、加速度等参数,分析了某重型汽车保险杠的低速碰撞性能.根据碰撞能量相等原理进行了保险杠与刚性墙正面碰撞的台车试验,验证了仿真模型的正确性并分析产生误差的原因.试验和仿真结果表明,该型汽车保险杠在低速碰撞时变形较小,对前围部件起到了较好的保护效果.     

Development of knowledge based body structure concept design model

The purpose of this study is to propose a concept design process for an automotive body structure using technical information on the major joints and members of vehicles. First, in order to collect the technical information on major joints and members, 17 vehicles were selected using benchmark data. The collected technical information for the selected vehicles was the cross sectional shapes of each joint and member which were used for the analysis of joint stiffness, crashworthiness and static stiffness of the member to make a database along with cross section properties. This study applied a ‘What If Study’ technique to perform a concept design of an automotive body using the analyzed information and selected cross section meeting the design objectives. The criteria for the selection of the cross section were defined by subdividing the defined design objectives of an automotive body structure and constraints into members and joints. In order to configure an analysis model of an automotive body structure using the selected cross section, a shape parametric model was used and static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and crashworthiness were assessed to evaluate the configured automotive body structure. The evaluation result showed that the crashworthiness and static/dynamic stiffness were improved compared to an existing body structure. In addition, the weight of the body structure was reduced. Through this study, the process that can rapidly and effectively derive and evaluate the concept design of an automotive body structure was defined. It is expected that, henceforth, this process will be helpful for the study of automotive body structures.     

中央分隔带护栏开口处事故分析与解决方案

为降低中央分隔带护栏开口处事故严重程度,通过调查分析,提出活动护栏的设计理念,并提出一种新型防撞活动护栏结构。结果表明,活动护栏应具有与中央分隔带护栏同等的防撞能力,端部应与中央分隔带护栏实现无缝连接,且具备防止任意开启的功能;新型防撞活动护栏通过试验验证达到与中央分隔带波形梁护栏同等的160kJ的防撞能力,碰撞后车辆能够恢复正常行驶姿态,护栏动态位移最大为1 093 mm,车体加速度最大为8.1 g,各项指标均满足评价标准要求。研究成果为开发高防护等级活动护栏奠定了基础。     

薄壁梁诱导槽结构抗撞性优化设计及应用

通过分析各种变形诱导结构设计特点的基础上,提出了一种有效的变形诱导槽结构.将该变形诱导槽结构应用于某车架前纵梁的碰撞模拟中,以提高其动态吸能特性.选取前纵梁诱导结构的主要设计参数作为研究对象,采用响应面法并结合正交试验设计、显式有限元方法等来进行分析.建立了前纵梁诱导结构的总吸能和最大冲击载荷的多目标优化模型,并对模型...