Fabrication of a Novel Porous Poly（Vinylidene Fluoride） Blend Five-Bore Membrane for Wastewater Treatment

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blend five-bore hollow fiber membranes are prepared by wet phase inversion methods. In spinning these PVDF hollow fibers, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are used as the solvent and the non-solvent additive, respectively. The external coagulant uses water. The internal coagulants use water and DMAc-water solutions. The membranes are characterized in terms of water flux and molecular weight cut-off for the wet membranes. The cross-sectional structures are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of polymer concentration and the internal coagulant on the permeation properties and membrane structures are examined keeping the bore liquid flow and air-gap constants. Relative high flux, rejection and strengh PVDF five-bore hollow fiber membranes could be prepared from the polymer concentration in dope solution at 17% of mass fraction, the air gap distance of 14 cm, and using 10% of mass fraction of DMAc solution as the internal coagulant at 13mL/min of flow.     

STUDY ON ION-POLYMER INTERACTION AND MORPHOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF POLYURETHANE/SALT SYSTEMS

IntroductionRecently,many chemical and physical scien-tists have focused their investigations on solidpolymer electrolytes(SPE) because of their poten-tial applications in high technology fields,includ-ing high energy- density batteries,electrochromicdevices,chemical sensors,smart windows and soon.It is well known that,many factors,such aschemical structure,salt concentration,tempera-ture,morphologic structure,etc.,would have ef-fect on ionic conductive properties of SPE[1,2 ] .Inorder to ob…     

Effect of oil shale on Na+ solidification of red mud-fly ash cementitious material

Red mud-fly ash based cementitious material mixed with different contents of oil shale calcined at 700°C is investigated in this paper. The effect of active Si and Al content on the solidification of Na⁺ during the hydration process is determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), infrared (IR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown that the content of oil shale has a remarkable effect on the solidified content of Na⁺. The hydration process generates a highly reactive intermediate gel phase formed by co-polymerisation of individual alumina and silicate species. This kind of gel is primarily considered as 3D framework of SiO₄ and AlO₄ tetrahedra interlinked by the shared oxygen atoms randomly. The negative charges and four-coordinated Al inside the network are mainly charge-balanced by Na⁺. The solidifying mechanism of Na⁺ is greatly attributed to the forming of this kind of gel.     

共聚物PVA—MA—PEGA的表面活性研究

对具有一定表面活性的聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）与丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＡ）和丙烯酸聚乙二烯醇（ＰＥＧＡ）共聚产物的临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）,表面张力和界面张力进行了研究,并对共聚物与ＯＰ系列低分子表面活性剂的相互作用进行了探讨。实验结果表明：ＰＶＡ－ＭＡ－ＰＥＧＡ表面活性剂随着亲油单体含量的增加,共聚物分子的疏水性增加,ＣＭＣ值下降;高分子表面活性剂与ＯＰ１０复配后其最小表面张力,界面张力分别为３０．６ｍＮ／ｍ,０     

聚合物水泥混凝土施工控制因素

通过室内试验和现场测试,研究了成型方法、养护方式与环境条件等施工控制因素对聚合物水泥混凝土(PCC)路用性能的影响,通过电镜分析了不同养护方式对PCC力学性能的作用机理。研究结果表明:为了达到最佳的力学性能,PCC需采用特定的投料搅拌方式,振动时间应略长于普通混凝土;PCC所需的前期标准养护天数应随聚合物掺量的增加而逐步减少,其机理是由于聚合物在不同掺量和养护方式下成膜完整性不同,提供的保水和增折效果相应改变所致;当施工温度高或风速大时,PCC的摊铺流动性降低,硬化后路面板易开裂。     

PCR-SSP检测人胰腺癌细胞株PC-2K-ras基因点突变及其方式

目的　检测人胰腺癌细胞株PC 2K ras基因点突变及其突变方式 ,明确基因治疗靶点的碱基序列。方法　针对K ras基因第 1 2位密码子点突变方式 (CGT、CAT、GTT)设计顺序特异性引物 (SSP) ,对人胰腺癌细胞株PC 2进行聚合酶链反应 (PCR) ,扩增产物借助聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳判定该细胞株有无K ras基因点突变及其突变方式。结果　人胰腺癌细胞株PC 2存在K ras基因点突变 ,突变方式为CGT。结论　PCR SSP法简便快速 ,特异性高 ,本研究结果为胰腺癌的下一步基因治疗奠定了基础     

聚氨酯泡沫表面Fe-Cr合金共沉积

采用化学镀Ni、电沉积Fe-Cr合金工艺在聚氯酯泡沫表面电沉积Fe-Cr合金,研究了镀液成分及各工艺参数(温度、pH、电流密度)对镀层厚度、沉积速率以及铬含量的影响.利用金相显微镜,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能量散射分光仪(EDS)对镀层横截面、表面形貌和成分进行了观察与检测.研究结果表明:在镀液CrC13·6H2O浓度为140 ～220 g/L、pH为2.4、温度为20℃及电流密度为15 A/dm2的条件下,电镀30 min能够获得表面光亮平整的厚度为9.88～14.03μm的Fe-Cr合金镀层,镀层中的Cr含量为26.42％～56.18％.     

废电脑主板热解产物分析

采用热重分析仪-傅市叶变换红外光谱仪(TG-FTIR)、管式炉试验系统、气相色谱仪-质谱仪(GC-MS)等研究了电脑主板的热解特性和热处理产物.研究结果表明:废电脑主板热解过程剧烈失重阶段为300～460℃,该温度段约失重20%,加热垒600 ℃后失重非常缓慢.废电脑主板热解产物中既有含8～15个C原子的苯酚等芳香族化合物,也有1～4个C原子的小分子有机化合物,且热解过程中还产生多种含溴有机物;这些热解产物来源于废电脑主板中有机聚合物和四溴舣酚A的分解.     

污水回用深度处理中有机物对反渗透膜污染研究

应用牛血清蛋白（BSA）和海藻酸钠代表反渗透进水中的蛋白质和多糖,采用带有交互作用的正交试验分析污染因素的影响,使用环境扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对污染后的膜面进行监测．实验表明,海藻酸钠对膜污染的影响高于BSA的影响,BSA与海藻酸钠共同存在时会产生明显的交互作用,增大了有机物污染．溶液中Ca＾2＋会结合羧基官能团,以架桥作用连接有机物,能够显著影响有机物污染,Mg2＋对有机物污染的影响次之,离子强度会改变有机物的带电性,从而影响了有机物的污染．监测结果表明,有机物可在反渗透膜面形成厚密的凝胶层,引起严重的膜污染．     

银杏叶提取物防治肝纤维化的实验研究

目的　探讨银杏叶提取物 (EGb)对慢性肝炎的防治作用及其机制。方法　SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、EGb防治组和秋水仙碱组。用四氯化碳皮下注射法建立慢性肝损伤模型 ,分别用生理盐水或药物灌胃治疗。对比观察EGb对慢性肝损伤大鼠肝纤维化和脂质过氧化指标的影响 ,结合肝病理组织学及肝组织内Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达的变化加以探讨。结果　EGb防治组大鼠肝组织中PCⅢ、透明质酸、层黏连蛋白和CⅣ型胶原含量明显降低 ,血中过氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性明显升高 ,丙二醛含量明显降低 ,与模型组比较差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;形态学观察 ,EGb防治组大鼠肝组织损伤明显轻于模型对照组和秋水仙碱对照组 :HE染色显示肝组织炎症损伤减轻 ,VG染色显示肝组织纤维化程度明显减低 ,免疫组化染色显示肝组织中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原表达明显减少。结论　EGb具有抑制脂质过氧化损伤 ,防治大鼠实验性肝纤维化的作用。     

纯六方相钛酸锌粉体制备和表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法,用Ti（OC4H9）4、Zn（NO3）2.6H2O、无水乙醇、冰醋酸等原料,利用直接升温和保温-升温两种方法合成超细的六方相ZnTiO3粉体.利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等测试分析手段对凝胶的热分解、相转变以及粉体结构形貌进行了表征.实验结果表明：ZnTiO3凝胶的热分析中,前躯体的热重变化主要分为三个阶段,其中DSC曲线在770820℃和850930℃间有多个小的吸热放热峰出现,对应于复杂的相变.在粉体制备过程中,先于700℃保温3 h再850℃加热5 h的处理,可以获得单一的六方相Zn-TiO3粉体.     

A new algorithm for non-newtonian flow and its application in mould filling process

The simulation of injection molding process requires a stable algorithm to model the molten polymer with non-isothermal non-Newtonian property. In this paper, a staggered and iterative scheme is particularly designed to solve the velocity-pressure-temperature variables. In consideration of the polymer characteristic of high viscosity and low thermal conductivity, the non-Newtonian momentum-mass conservation equations are solved by the Crank-Nicolson method based split (CNBS) scheme, and the energy conservation equation with convective character is discretized by the characteristic Galerkin (CG) method. In addition, an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) free surface tracking and mesh generation method is introduced to catch the front of the fluid flow. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by numerical experiments including a lid-driven cavity flow problem and an injection molding problem.     

导电铁磁高聚物

2种不同的物性在同一晶体中并存,必将产生新的物理现象和特殊的用途,设计2种特性并存的分子材料具有特别的吸引力。导电性与铁磁性并存是其中一种尤为重要的功能材料,是分子固体又一热点研究领域。本文主要总结了导电铁磁高聚物的特征和各类导电铁磁高聚物的机理,并展望了导电铁磁高聚物的应用。     

PVDF压电薄膜结构监测传感器应用研究

压电材料是目前在智能材料系统研究中应用最为广泛的传感材料之一。由于PVDF压电薄膜具有制作成本低、机械性能好、灵敏度高等优点而受到了广泛关注。以PVDF压电薄膜作为结构监测的传感元件,对PVDF的应变传感原理进行了研究,并建立了基于信号采集与处理的PVDF应变监测系统,最后对PVDF监测构件裂纹进行了实验。实现了压电薄膜的应变与裂纹监测,为实际工程应用奠定了基础。     

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide Copolymer/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites

Ternary polyamide(tPA) copolymer is susceptible to degradation when it is irradiated by electron beam(e-beam), and effective methods to avoid degradation and increase gel content are highly desirable for crosslinking.Carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube(MWCNT) is modified by hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA) in this paper and used as a co-agent for the e-beam irradiation crosslinking of tPA copolymer. HEA modified MWCNT can function as an effective co-agent for the e-beam irradiation crosslinking of tPA copolymer to increase the gel content and improve the mechanical properties of tPA copolymer. Under an irradiation of 160 kGy, addition of 2 parts per hundred(phr) HEA modified MWCNT into tPA copolymer can increase the gel content of tPA copolymer from about 20% to 40%(mass ratio) and increase the tensile strength from 45 to 59 MPa. The irradiation also affects the glass transition temperature of tPA copolymer by increasing the gel content. The results show that HEA modified MWCNT can act as a nucleating agent to increase the crystallization temperature, melting temperature and crystallinity of tPA copolymer.     

使用超强材料的高恢复混凝土柱的抗震试验研究

最近发生的强震表明，传统的延性结构在超过设计水准强震作用下会产生过大的残余变形而导致结构难以修复. 为保证结构在大变形阶段具有正刚性和较小残余变形，采用低黏结高强度的钢绞线用来代替混凝土柱中的纵向普通钢筋. 为了验证方法的有效性，以钢绞线的布置数量和混凝土的约束方式作为试验变量，对5根缩尺比例为1/3、横截面为250 mm × 250 mm、净高为1 000 mm、剪跨比为2.0和轴压比为0.25的高强混凝土方柱进行拟静力试验. 试验结果表明:低黏高强的钢绞线作为柱纵筋可使混凝土柱的水平承载力在层间位移角达3.5%之前持续保持上升趋势，同时可以有效减少柱的残余变形，并使残余层间位移角控制在相应峰值层间位移角的1/5以下；碳纤维布外包混凝土柱可防止保护层混凝土剥落，进一步减小柱在经历大变形后的残余变形.      

Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Hybrid Copolymer Hydrogel with Poly（ethylene glycol） Dimethacrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Layered Double Hydroxides

This paper describes the fabrication, characterization and properties of a novel hybrid poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel via in situ polymerization. The hybrid hydrogel was fabricated by free-radical redox polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) and N, N, N??, N??-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as initiators and N, N??-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) as cross-linker at 60°C. To create a hybrid hydrogel, 0.2% (mass fraction) of MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) was added to the aqueous solution by ultrasonic dispersion. The physicochemical properties of hybrid hydrogel under vacuum freeze-drying processing were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while swelling kinetics and gel content were calculated. Swelling degree in distilled water varied from 94%?C125% with a gel mass fraction of 83%?C91%. SEM images showed that the micron pore size of hydrogel could be adjusted within the range of several micrometers by changing the cross-linker mass fraction from 2% to 10% (based on glycol). The results showed that the hybrid hydrogels exhibited excellent physicochemical behavior and might be a promising material for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.     

磷酸铵镁技术中不同沉淀剂脱氮除磷效果比较

探讨了磷酸铵镁法中不同沉淀剂的脱氮除磷效果,比较了氨氮去除率、磷酸盐去除率、残氮量、残磷量,沉淀物质质量和组成,处理液的电导率。综合考虑了各方面因素得出处理高浓度氨氮废水的较佳的沉淀剂为Na3PO.412H2O+MgCl2.6H2O和Na3PO4.12H2O+MgSO4.7H2O,处理高浓度磷酸盐废水的较佳的沉淀剂为NH4Cl+MgCl2.6H2O和NH4Cl+MgSO.47H2O.并对磷酸铵镁沉淀进行了X-衍射光谱和扫描电镜表征。     

Antibacterial analyse of perovskite

We mainly studied the antibacterial properties of perovskite. Its structure was evaluated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrometer etc. The antibacterial properties of perovskite to Candida albicans (ATCC10231), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538) were investigated by the flask oscillation method. The results show that the perovskite has strong antibacterial ability, and continued antibacterial properties; its sterilization rates are 87.00%, 99.50%, 96.22% respectively to these three bacteria.     

Fabrication and Interfacial Structure of Ni-YSZ-LSM Porous Scaffold for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A novel process route using tape casting and stacking for fabricating porous scaffold of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) was demonstrated. The linear shrinkages of anode (Ni-YSZ, YSZ stands for 3% Y_2O_3(mole fraction) stabilized ZrO_2) and cathode (LSM-YSZ, LSM stands for La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn0_3) were optimized to be uniform with that of electrolyte during sintering, by controlling the content of pore former. The micromorphology and interface microstructure of the cross-section of the porous scaffold were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The element distribution and phase composition were analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results showed that the porous scaffold with regular pore shape and high specific surface area was obtained after sintering at 1 350℃. The fabricated porous scaffold had defect free interfacial structures due to the uniform shrinkage of anode, cathode and electrolyte layers. In addition, it was shown that diffusions of Zr, Ni and La caused a progressive boundary between YSZ, Ni-YSZ and LSM-YSZ layers. The interface between anode and electrolyte (Ni-YSZ/YSZ) was mainly composed of Ni, YSZ and a small amount of NiO, and the interface between cathode and electrolyte (LSM-YSZ/YSZ) was mainly composed of YSZ, LSM and a small amount of La_2Zr_2O_7.