The role of geomatics engineering in establishing the marine information system for maritime management

Maritime management encompasses the employment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources that relate to the sea, maritime navigation, shipping, port development and coastal protection. It contributes to the economic growth, price stability, transportation of cargoes and passengers, and business activities of shipping organizations. The efficient management of resources, operations and activities relies on a modern marine information system (MIS) whose information is provided by geomatics engineers and IT professionals, among others. This paper first introduces the role of the geomatics engineer as geodesist, engineering surveyor, land boundary surveyor, cartographer, hydrographer, photogrammetrist and geographic information system (GIS) engineer since all these fields are related to maritime trade, supply chains and development of ports and airports. It then describes the principal components of a web-based MIS and the important role of geomatics engineers in surveying data. This includes collecting data from electronic nautical charts (ENC) and raster nautical charts (RNC), by applying high resolution light detection and ranging (LIDAR), satellite platform sensors and GIS.     

The role of geomatics engineering in establishing the marine information system for maritime management

Maritime management encompasses the employment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources and natural resources that relate to the sea, maritime navigation, shipping, port development and coastal protection. It contributes to the economic growth, price stability, transportation of cargoes and passengers, and business activities of shipping organizations. The efficient management of resources, operations and activities relies on a modern marine information system (MIS) whose information is provided by geomatics engineers and IT professionals, among others. This paper first introduces the role of the geomatics engineer as geodesist, engineering surveyor, land boundary surveyor, cartographer, hydrographer, photogrammetrist and geographic information system (GIS) engineer since all these fields are related to maritime trade, supply chains and development of ports and airports. It then describes the principal components of a web-based MIS and the important role of geomatics engineers in surveying data. This includes collecting data from electronic nautical charts (ENC) and raster nautical charts (RNC), by applying high resolution light detection and ranging (LIDAR), satellite platform sensors and GIS.     

新型结构在连云港港口工程中的应用*

连云港港是典型的淤泥质海岸,港口建设的自然条件较为恶劣,需要探索新型的水工结构以适应复杂自然条件 下港口建设。因此,本文提出新型水工结构——桶式基础结构,研究该新型结构的特点和结构形式,论证其在徐圩防波堤 工程、徐圩港区岸壁工程、马腰港区工作船码头工程实际案例中的应用前景。结果表明：新型桶式基础结构具有充分发挥 淤泥质本身特性、提高地基承载力的功能,能很好地适用于连云港港的深水大港建设的需要,为连云港港未来的建设提供 技术支持。     

Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

武汉新港花山作业区规划重点问题分析

基于武汉新港花山作业区的功能定位和发展要求,结合港口开发现状、区位和地形条件,针对港区平面布置、高程设计和交通组织等问题进行重点分析。充分利用陆域资源特点和条件,考虑不同港口功能区对陆域的要求,提出合理的平面布置方案;综合分析防洪、港区排水、交通及土石方平衡等要求,对港口高程系统、重要节点高程控制和港内交通组织进行设计,为复杂地形条件下的内河集装箱港区规划设计提供参考。     

遥感与GIS技术在港口环境监测与管理中的应用初探

利用遥感与GIS技术对日照港港口的多时相遥感数据进行了处理,提取了涉及港口环境的植被覆盖率、岸线资源等信息,同时对港口附近海域水体中的叶绿素和悬浮物等指标进行了定量反演。通过对处理结果的分析,对日照港的环境现状和近年来的环境质量变化给出评价并提出了一些在遥感与GIS技术应用中应注意的问题。遥感与GIS在日照港的应用表明,遥感与GIS技术可以快速、准确大面积地获取港口周边区域的环境信息,有效地弥补传统监测手段的不足。     

基于Java 开源框架的港口信息服务系统设计*

港口决策支持系统标准化、规范化,有助于提高港口规划建设效率和港口管理水平.为此,基于成熟的Java开源框架,采用Web GIS、Ajax、数据持久化等技术,给出基于多种开源框架的港口信息服务系统的4层体系结构图,来解决数据库管理、地理信息查询,用户体验增强等系统建设中的关键问题,进而提高港口信息服务系统的通用性和扩展性.     

Developing a Framework to Identify Local Business and Government Vulnerability to Sea-Level Rise: A Case Study of Coastal Virginia

In this article, we develop methods for identifying local business and government vulnerabilities to sea-level rise and the natural hazards associated with it. Unlike the fairly large literature on measuring social vulnerability to natural hazards, there are very few papers that discuss methods for measuring local business or local government vulnerability even though businesses and governments are also differentially affected natural hazards. Our goal is to create measures that are easily replicable using readily available data and that are easy to explain to local planners, policymakers, and citizens. We implement our measures of local business and government vulnerability for our study area, Coastal Virginia. We combine those measures with a physical vulnerability measure to identify the areas in Coastal Virginia where planners and policymakers need to more closely examine the potential impacts of sea-level rise on their local businesses and government. While our methods are tailored to Coastal Virginia, they could be easily applied in other areas threatened by sea-level rise.     

取水工程对港内水流条件及泥沙回淤的影响

针对取水工程对港池内水流及泥沙影响问题,以黄骅港综合港区港池取水工程为例,通过在分析工程区域自然条件和泥沙条件的基础上建立三维数学模型的方法,从潮流、泥沙角度分析各取水方案对港池内水流条件和泥沙回淤的影响。结果表明:取水工程实施后整个港池内流速均不大,除取水口外,流速均在0.1 m/s以下。取水工程不会造成周边水域泥沙场的改变,对进港航道及港池淤积影响不大。取水工程实施后在设计最大取水流量范围内不会影响港口的正常运行。     

基于系统仿真的港池宽度对港口服务水平的影响

沿海港区规模化及船舶大型化趋势对港口服务水平提出了更高要求,水域尺度是影响港口服务水平的重要因素之一。在分析不同港池宽度的沿海港区船舶进出港作业流程的基础上,利用Anylogic仿真平台构建船舶进出港作业系统仿真模型,研究港池宽度对港口服务水平的影响。仿真模拟宽、窄、中3种港池宽度下的船舶进出港作业系统的结果表明:较窄港池、中港池水域面积增加25%,可提升港口服务水平达36%;宽港池水域面积增加48%,港口服务水平可提升90%。     

天津中心渔港进港航道尺度论证与航道泥沙回淤研究

天津中心渔港作为一个新建海港,航道的选线恰当与否直接影响到工程投资及建成后的维护费用。为此,在充分认识中心渔港所在位置的自然条件的基础上,对进港航道尺度进行了论证,进而对航道拟选线路方案进行了泥沙回淤分析。研究表明,选择航道长度相对较短、航道走向和水流夹角尽可能小的航线可以明显减小工程后泥沙回淤强度。     

连云港港赣榆港区起步工程泥沙问题研究

泥沙问题是连云港港北翼的赣榆港区和航道建设的关键问题之一。文中在进行自然条件分析的基础上,利用MOHID二、三维潮流泥沙数学模型对该港区实施后的潮流场及港池、航道泥沙回淤进行了计算模拟,对不同工况潮流流态、航道横流及对周围海区影响范围进行了分析,不仅给出不同工况下港池和航道的年回淤值,还对9711号台风作用下港池和航道的骤淤情况进行了计算预报。综合以上研究成果,提出推荐方案。     

日照港煤码头堆场护岸沙滩修复方案

日照港煤码头区域拟进行城市化改造,其护岸有条件再造为旅游休闲沙滩。分析该区域的自然条件及岸滩演变规律,提出沙滩再造方案,指出后续需要研究解决的关键技术问题。随着港城的发展,城市中心区域港口设施的城市化再造、工业生产岸线的生态化处理是一个发展趋势,该项目有一定的代表意义。     

天津临港工业港区防波堤及口门布置研究

防波堤及口门布置是港口规划中非常重要的环节,根据天津临港工业区项目开发及港口远期建设发展的需要,结合港区自然地理条件、天津港港口规划、海河口水利防洪规划、港区通航安全环境影响评估等多项研究成果,提出港区防波堤平面布置方案及设计尺度,并分析评估其合理性和适应性,可供同类港区规划参考。     

上海洋山深水港区的选址和规划

通过对洋山深水港区选址和规划的回顾,提出了洋山深水港区具有独特的区位优势、良好的自然条件、可观的经济效益和不错的社会效益;根据北港区建成后的海床冲淤变化,利用数值模拟技术、物理模型试验和船舶航行模拟技术综合分析得出,洋山深水港区北港区规划方案采用半汊道方案为稳妥、合理的方案;归纳了对洋山港总体规划的建议。     

港城交界带空间范围研究

为合理规划土地资源,促进港口和城市的协调统一发展,本文从未来发展的长远角度出发,提出一种面向港口城市用地的动态弹性规划方法.首次提出港城交界带的概念及其空间范围的定量解析方法;利用基于遗传算法优化的反向传播神经网络(GA-BP)算法建立了陆域纵深解析模型,并进一步构建港城交界带空间范围解析模型,确定港区后方港城交界带空...     

基于GIS的港口规划信息系统的初步研究

地理信息系统（GIS）是以计算机为工具，具有地理图形和空间定位功能空间型信息管理系统。在简述了目前港口规划存在的问题后，探讨了在GIS平台上如何建立港口规划数据库、设计系统结构，并介绍了系统主要的应用功能。     

国土空间规划体系下BIM技术在港口规划中的应用

国土空间规划体系的构建,明确要求港口规划等相关专项规划的有关技术标准应与之衔接,叠加至国土空间规划"一张图"。传统港口规划维度仍停留在二维平面布置层次,多维多源空间信息分析手段缺失,全生命周期规划管理的技术体系尚未建立,空间分析和定量优化水平落后,已难以适应国土空间规划体系的新要求。BIM作为一种集成工程各种信息的数据模型,是一种全新的涉及规划、设计、建造及运营管理的方法,也是一种能够解决国土空间资源相关规划的统筹、衔接问题的有效技术手段。梳理国内外BIM技术在工程领域的应用情况,指出港口规划领域应用BIM技术所面临的应用架构缺失、空间规划技术手段发展滞后、应用标准体系欠完善等问题,进而提出未来BIM技术在港口规划中的应用方向,包括促进BIM+GIS融合发展、拓展港口规划方案优化视角、有效衔接相关领域控制性详细规划成果等,以推动BIM技术应用于港口工程全过程方案优化和科学决策。     

第四代港口概念及特点*

在梳理和总结国内外关于第四代港口的理论和实践研究的基础上,以港口区位和港口功能规划为出发点,对第四代港口的概念和特点进行了界定。认为第四代港口在物理上打破了区位限制,是一个以港口、临港工业区和临港新城为载体的集港口、产业和城市功能为一体的网络港口群;在功能方面,第四代港口提供围绕资源和生产要素的一体化的生产、物流、信息、商贸、金融等服务。对第四代港口概念和特点的深入研究有助于全面认识和理解未来港口的发展方向,对我国港口建设具有重要的现实意义。     

桩基挡板式防波堤内的泊稳状况研究

以某港扩建工程设计方案为范本,通过整体水工物理模型试验,观测到大量的桩基挡板式单突堤在不同工况波浪作用下港内的泊稳数据,并对这种较为特殊的防波堤的防护效果及影响因素进行了较为完整的分析,试验结果为工程设计提供了很好的参考依据,同时对类似环境条件下的建港工程具有借鉴意义。