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地铁运营时,地基土会在列车荷载-轨道系统相互作用下产生扰动。基于此,文章建立了列车荷载竖向振动模型,计算得到了地铁隧道仰拱处的荷载随时间的变化规律;并采用三维有限元法分析了受施工影响下杭州地铁1号线某区间列车运行引起的地基土振动响应。结果表明:随着地表土体与隧道中心线距离增大,地表振动出现滞后性,且强度逐渐减弱;隧道纵轴线上,位于隧道上、下方不同深度处地基土的振动规律具有一定的差异;初始固结度越小,地表的振动响应越大,而隧道下方的土体受施工扰动的影响则较小。考虑地铁施工的扰动影响对合理分析地铁运营期间的环境振动具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2017,(5)
基于Mazars损伤模型和Loland损伤模型,文章将损伤变量引入到Drucker-Prager本构模型中,构建了混凝土材料的弹塑性损伤本构关系,并在FLAC5.0二次开发平台上实现了该损伤模型的计算程序化。利用开发的损伤本构模型,对武广客运专线上某典型高速铁路隧道结构的振动响应进行了计算分析,量化了衬砌结构的动力损伤量,为高速铁路隧道结构寿命预测及结构耐久性评定奠定了基础。计算结果表明,由列车振动荷载引起的隧底沉降和洞周变形很小,均在4 mm以内;列车振动荷载对衬砌结构的不利影响主要表现为结构拉应力增加;衬砌结构的最大损伤主要集中于仰拱迎土侧;振动产生的应力波在衬砌结构内部衰减非常快,列车振动荷载只对隧道底部局部产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2015,(1)
文章依托广州地区某邻近运营地铁车站的基坑工程,使用数值分析方法,建立了考虑车站结构-土体-基坑围护结构共同作用的二维非线性数值计算模型,研究了基坑与车站间隔距离、基坑开挖深度等参数变化情况下,地铁车站结构的变形规律及振动响应特性。计算结果表明,基坑开挖明显改变了邻近地铁车站的变形场。基坑开挖越深,距离车站越近,影响越加明显。基坑开挖引起地铁车站的变形表现为竖向隆起和向基坑内侧移动;随着基坑开挖深度的增加,车站结构水平位移变化较为明显,最大竖向位移变化不大,但竖向位移差变化明显,对结构影响较大;在列车动载作用下,随着基坑开挖深度增加和间隔距离的减小,对基坑围护结构本身和邻近车站结构的振动响应特征都将产生影响,而且这种影响均是加剧结构的振动。文章进一步提出了控制车站结构变形的技术措施,为类似地铁车站设计和施工提供了参考。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2017,(4)
开孔隔墙隧道是一种新型的高速铁路隧道结构型式,与传统结构隧道比较,列车通过时空气动力学性能有较大不同。文章基于一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型及广义黎曼变量特征线法,建立了隧道内列车运行空气阻力分析方法,模拟了不同长度的有开孔隔墙隧道和无隔墙隧道空气阻力最大值和空气阻力平均值的变化规律,得出隔墙隧道可较大幅度地降低空气阻力,速度一定时隧道长度对内置开孔隔墙空气阻力幅值没有影响的结论。文章研究了2 000 m长度内置隔墙隧道的开孔间距、开孔大小和列车运行速度对空气阻力的影响特性,初步探讨了高速列车通过内置开孔隔墙隧道产生空气阻力与压缩波和膨胀波的关系及空气阻力最大值和车速的关系,为今后进一步研究内置开孔隔墙隧道列车空气阻力和该类结构隧道的工程应用提供了一定的基础。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献