国际海运温室气体减排措施概述

文中分析了国际海运温室气体排放的特征，介绍了国际海运温室气体减排措施，并对未来发展趋势作出了预测。     

国际海运温室气体减排可实施措施及发展趋势

本文介绍了国际海运温室气体减排由来及国际组织所采用的对策，同时探讨了可实施的减排措施和进行了减排措施发展趋势的分析，为我国海运的温室减排提供参考．     

IMO 2023年船舶温室气体减排战略全面引领新未来

<正>MEPC80会议通过了2023减排战略,明确了中期政策,进一步推进国际海运减排进程。国际海事组织(IMO)海上环境保护委员会第80届会议(MEPC 80)于2023年7月3日至7日在英国伦敦召开,此前一周还背靠背召开了第15次船舶温室气体减排会间工作组会议。经过两周密集审议磋商,会议最终通过了“2023年船舶温室气体减排战略”,这在国际海运温室气体减排进程中具有里程碑意义。此外,会议还进一步明确了中期减排措施的政策方向,     

国际海运温室气体排放交易机制框架

文中介绍了国际温室气体减排的背景以及排放交易的概念和现状，分析了国际海运温室气体排放交易机制的设计要素、可能存在的主要问题以及发展趋势，并为我国在此方面的；住备工作提出了建议。     

欧盟海运温室气体减排政策合法性

为更好地应对温室气体减排趋势下我国海运业面临的新挑战,在研究《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》以及世界贸易组织规则等国际法规的基础上,对欧盟委员会单方面规制海运温室气体减排政策是否具有合法性进行分析,从而为我国相关主管部门和相关行业从国际及国内两方面准备应对之策提供法律参考。     

国际海运温室气体（GHG）减排浅析

以《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）为主要背景简要介绍全球温室气体排放现状、相关机制及面临的问题,进而对国际海事组织（IMO）在海运温室气体排放方面所采取的措施加以分析,最后结合国情对我国海运温室气体减排提出参考建议。     

海运温室气体排放MRV规则对我国海运业影响与对策研究

近年来,国际海运业温室气体排量与日俱增,日益严峻的气候问题随之而来。结合全球海运温室气体排放现状,介绍欧盟海运温室气体排放的MRV规则,对比国内温室气体排放的监测手段,探究欧盟海运温室气体排放MRV规则对我国航运业的影响,针对国内温室气体排放监测体系提出意见和建议。     

国际海运船舶能效和温室气体减排国际立法进程综述

系统介绍国际海事组织(IMO)对国际海运船舶能效和温室气体减排的审议进展和立法现状,在技术、营运和技术合作三个方面提出当前阶段的重点问题,对未来发展趋势作出展望。     

谁将是海运业的未来燃料?

正2018年4月13日,国际海事组织(IMO)海洋环境保护委员会(MEPC)宣布,其成员国代表一致同意,至2050年将航运板块的二氧化碳总排放量削减50%,并尽快开始减排,努力逐步实现零碳目标。此次国际海运温室气体减排初步战略的通过将海运业的温室气体减排问题再次推向高潮,虽然目前初步战略尚未制定明确的时间表与行动计划,但是可以预见未来海运业温室气体减排的相关措施必将出台,并且将会愈加严格,正如目前正在实施的NO_X、SO_X排放控制。     

海运温室气体减排市场机制对班轮经营的影响

班轮运输中船舶航速快,燃油消耗费用在成本中占比高.因此,与燃油消耗量密切相关的“海运温室气体减排市场机制”的实施将使班轮运输受到的影响较其他运输方式大.为研究减排市场机制对班轮经营的影响,比较了目前在国际海事组织讨论的三类主要市场机制的运行特征,分析了它们对海运运输成本的影响途径以及因实施海运排放交易体系(METS)和国际海运温室气体基金机制(GHG FUND)而产生的碳成本.在此基础上,定量分析了集装箱班轮航线经营中不同船型、航速情景下,实施市场机制产生的碳成本随燃油价格和碳价格变化的规律.结果表明,在班轮航线上,为降低温室气体排放而降低航速,尽管使投入船舶增多,但整体营运效益得到改善.高速、大型船舶减速后带来的成本降低效应比小型、低速船舶来得大.     

论国际海运碳减排立法趋势及我国之对策

通过立法来规制国际海运产生的碳排放已成为包括IMO、欧盟在内的政府间国际组织及有关国家减少二氧化碳排放,应对气候变化的重要手段。有必要对目前影响较大的国际海运碳减排立法情况进行梳理,并据此提出我国的应对策略。     

基于《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》附则Ⅵ修正案的我国履约对策研究

《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》附则Ⅵ有关船舶能效规则的修正案已于2011年7月15日在国际海事组织海洋环境保护委员会第62次会议上通过,这是国际海事组织首次制订并通过的关于船舶温室气体减排的强制性能效技术指标。文中通过对修正案内容、国内当前存在的困难及履约对策的分析,以期为相关的研究和国内履约提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

Emission reduction in international shipping—the hidden side effects

In order to curb the trend toward global warming, many technical, operational, and policy options have been proposed to help reduce the emissions from international shipping—the carrier for 80% of the world’s trade. However, these options might not only reduce emissions from shipping activities, but could also have a ripple effect on the whole supply chain of traded goods, as well as on those serving shipping activities. These effects could have both positive and negative impacts, not only on emission reduction, but also on world trade, economic efficiency, and the local environment. While most studies have examined the feasibility of the various options and their potential contribution to emission reduction, their secondary impacts have not been studied. However, failing to take them into account could very well obstruct the implementation of the options. Through a review of existing studies, this article aims to identify and explain some of these previously unexamined secondary effects that are associated with emission reduction in international shipping, point out the problems that will arise if they are ignored, and provide a basis for further detailed research in this area.     

航运节能减排方式的转型路径探讨

由于全球航运需求未来将持续处于低增长态势,而燃油成本又是船东最为关注的运营成本之一,节能减排逐渐成为应对国际海事组织相关规则和实现绿色航运的重要手段.结合航运企业现实案例,探讨了节能减排着力点由传统技术应用型向综合技术服务型转化的可行性.     

从供应链管理看现代物流对我国航运业的影响

在海洋运输的基础上,全面介入物流服务,积极配合货主对运输服务更高层次的要求,以货主为中心全面提高门到门运输的服务水平,将给航运企业自身带来多方面的竞争优势。事实表明,从海洋运输向综合物流服务转变,已经成为国际航运企业发展的大方向。本文介绍了现代物流的供应链管理、“双赢”及“多赢”战略,以客户为中心等理念在航运业中的应用情况;结合大量的例子,从供应链管理角度分析我国航运存在的问题,并探讨解决问题的措施。     

我国航运企业发展综合物流之我见

航运业作为物流过程中的中心环节，顺应国际环境乃是大势所趋。我国航运企业发展综合物流服务，也属必然。通过对我国航运企业的现状分析，研究了其开展综合物流的必要性和可行性，提出了相应的总体战略和具体措施，为企业加快发展综合物流、增强市场竞争力提供了一个切实可行的操作方案。对我国航运企业发展综合物流有一定的指导和借鉴意义。     

Effect of proposed CO2 emission reduction scenarios on capital expenditure

The International Maritime Organisation is currently working on establishing regulations for international shipping regarding greenhouse gas emissions, and a cost-effectiveness approach has been suggested as one method for determining the necessary reductions in emissions from shipping. Previous studies have investigated the CO₂ emission reduction potential for the world shipping fleet up to 2030 and the associated marginal abatement cost levels. To analyse the cost implications of different emission reduction scenarios, this study has calculated the emission reduction potential and additional capital expenditure for 25 CO₂ emission reduction measures applied to 59 ship segments. The expected fleet development over time, keeping track of new ships built from 2010 to 2030 and Existing ships built prior to 2010 and still in operation by 2030, have been modelled. Two alternative approaches to find the cost-effective potential in the world shipping fleet have been applied. One approach is to implement only measures which in themselves are cost-effective (measure-by-measure), and another approach is to implement measures as long as the net savings from cost-effective measures balance the costs of non-cost-effective measures (set of measures). The results demonstrate that by 2030, the majority (93%) of the reduction potential will be related to new ships. Our results show that the measure-by-measure approach would decrease the CO₂ emissions by 30% for new ships while the set-of-measures approach with 53% (of the 2030 baseline emissions of 1316?Mt). The implication of achieving such emission reduction is an increase in the capital expenditure on New ships by 6% (USD 183 billion) and 27% (USD 761 billion), respectively, in the period 2010 to 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The measure-by-measure approach yields a 5% decrease in CO₂ emission per 1% increase in capital expenditure, while the set-of-measures approach yields a 2% decrease per 1% increase. This is due to the significant variation in capital intensity of the different measures, ranging from almost zero to USD 200 per tonne of CO₂ averted. The results of this study are useful for the shipping industry to assess the economic burden that must be shouldered in order to implement abatement measures under different CO₂ emission reduction scenarios.     

Environmental awareness and practice concerning maritime air emissions: the case of the Greek shipping industry

One of the most urgent environmental problems facing the shipping industry today is the reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from its operations and the possible cost-effective ways in which this reduction could be accomplished. Various technical and operational measures have been proposed as well as market-based instruments for the achievement of the compliance of marine industry with these measures. This paper investigates the levels of environmental awareness of the Greek shipping companies and their views and practices on the proposed policies for the reduction of GHG emissions from their ships. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to Greek shipping companies of different sizes, involved in different segments of the marine industry, so that the survey's results not only represent a large part of the Greek shipping industry but also reveal the different environmental attitudes and practices on maritime GHG emissions among the shipping companies. Given the size and the importance of the Greek shipping industry in the international maritime field, this paper's results present a special significance as they could be further analyzed and taken into account for the achievement of the compliance of marine industry with any future policy instrument for the reduction of maritime GHG emissions.