基于驾驶模拟器的汽车操纵稳定性主客观关联技术分析

汽车的操纵稳定性是汽车动态性能的重要组成部分,在汽车开发过程中的不同阶段,通常运用主观评价方法或客观评价方法对操纵稳定性进行验证和评价。文章进行了基于驾驶模拟器的汽车操纵稳定性主客观关联技术研究。首先基于驾驶模拟器,运用试验数据标定后的车辆模型,生成了用于主客观关联研究的大量车辆性能数据;基于这些数据,运用岭回归的方法,建立了主客观关联模型,并对模型精度进行了验证。文章的研究成果可以优化车辆性能开发流程,提升车辆开发效率,为汽车的操纵稳定性开发、评价等提供支撑。     

汽车操纵稳定性的研究与评价

综述了汽车操纵稳定性研究和评价的历史、现状和存在的问题，着重介绍了客观测量评价、主观评价、人一车闭环系统的综合评价和模拟器评价等几种评价方法。汽车操纵稳定性很多研究还处于探索和完善阶段。目前还没有公认的评价标准，对驾驶员模型、人一车闭环系统的研究有助于促进汽车操纵稳定性评价指标和评价方法的统一。     

汽车操纵稳定性的主观评价

本文介绍了汽车操纵稳定性的主观评价方法，探讨了影响主观评价的因素。利用吉林工业大学的开发型车辆驾驶模拟器进行了汽车稳定性的主观评价试验，采用一对一即时比较法实现了１４个车辆方案易操纵性的驾驶员主观评价排序，并进行了操纵稳定性定量评价指标与主观评价的相关分析。     

汽车ESP硬件与驾驶员在回路仿真试验台的开发与应用

利用汽车驾驶模拟器技术和硬件在回路仿真技术,建立了汽车电子稳定性系统(ESP)硬件与驾驶员在回路仿真试验台。利用该试验台进行了包含ESP执行硬件和驾驶员的“人车环境”闭环仿真,验证了试验台的基本功能。该试验台为汽车ESP的开发提供了一个功能比较完备的快速开发平台。     

开发型驾驶模拟器体感模拟算法及其评价

运用开发型汽车驾驶模拟器，可在模拟的汽车驾驶环境中，研究人－车－环境闭环系统特性，从而研制出高主动安全性汽车，驾驶员的视觉，听觉，触觉及体感是模拟器的四大模拟要素，直接影响模拟器逼真度，本文提出一种驾驶员体感模拟滤波算法，并建立驾驶员体感评价模型，仿真计算的结果表明，该算法既可充分发挥体感模拟系统硬件的模拟能力，并获得满意的体感模拟逼真度，又可为研制汽车驾驶模拟器需体感模拟软件的逼真度评价提供一种行之有效的方法。     

车辆动力学稳定性控制的理论研究

本文着重探讨了车辆动力学稳定性控制的基本原理，探讨逻辑与控制算法，并在汽车驾驶模拟器所提供的虚拟驾驶环境下进行了试验验证，取得了良好的控制效果。     

模糊控制理论在驾驶员—汽车—环境闭环系统操纵稳定性研究中的应用

本文采用模糊控制理论方法，对驾驶员－汽车－环境闭环系统的操纵稳定性进行了研究，建立了驾驶员智能模型，研制了整个闭环系统的仿真软件，模拟了几种典型工况的汽车运行，试验证明闭环系统模型合理，仿真结果正确。     

汽车轨迹测量的速度积分方法及其实施技术

汽车质心的运动轨迹作为最直观的试验结果对汽车操纵稳定性、制动性等运动性能的研究和设计,特别是对于驾驶员-汽车闭环系统运动性能的分析和评价十分重要。研究了速度积分法求解汽车质心运动轨迹的原理和试验技术,并利用某轿车的场地试验进行了试验验证。这一方法具有可靠、快速、操作简便和适用面广等优点。     

基于驾驶模拟器高速公路线形设计安全性评价

针对在道路施工之前很难有效地对道路线形设计的安全性进行评价,提出了一种新的道路线形设计安全评价方法,即在驾驶模拟器上构建待建道路的场景,通过提取并分析驾驶员操纵驾驶模拟器汽车在虚拟道路上行驶的客观反应指标,对高速公路的设计方案进行驾驶安全性、舒适性评价,及时发现事故隐患或对安全有不利影响的设计,减少由于设计不当给社会带来的损失及危害。     

某轻型越野汽车操纵稳定性的仿真分析

本文利用汽车多体动力学仿真软件CarSimEd，建立了某轻型越野汽车的多体动力学模型，采用最具有代表性的试验评价方法-方向盘角阶跃试验，对某轻型越野汽车操纵稳定性能进行动态的模拟、仿真分析。结果表明，该车型具有不足转向特性，具有良好的操纵稳定性。     

主被动式网络化汽车驾驶模拟器的研究及应用

本文介绍主、被动式网络化的汽车驾驶模拟器。该模拟器除采用了先进的计算机虚拟现实技术和汽车动力学模型外，还具有模拟器间的网络交互、主被动驾驶模式、运动约束、语音提示、驾驶评价等方面的特点，在应用上具有显著的特色。     

汽车操纵稳定性的理论预测与综合评价

本文建立了人-车-路闭环系统模型。计算了双移线及蛇行道路输入时14种车辆方案的理论综合评价指标。根据驾驶员的主观评价对其进行相关检验。利用本文提出的理论预测评价模型和综合评价指标。可对汽车结构设计参数和控制参数进行优化，改善汽车的操纵性能，提高汽车的主动安全性。     

Dynamic stability of forklift trucks in cornering situations: parametrical analysis using a driving simulator

This paper describes the examination of the vehicle dynamics and stability of four-wheeled forklift trucks (FLTs) in cornering situations. Cornering at excessive speed is one major reason for fatal accidents with forklifts caused by lateral tipover. In order to increase the lateral stability of this kind of working machinery, the influence of certain important design properties has been studied using an appropriate vehicle simulation model and a driving simulator. The simulation model is based on a multi-body system approach and includes submodels for the propulsion system and the tyres. The driving behaviour of the operator has not been modelled. Instead, a driving simulator has been built up and a real human driver was employed for ensuring adequate and realistic model input. As there have not been any suitable standardised test manoeuvres available for FLTs, a new driving test has been developed to assess the lateral stability. This test resembles the well-known J turn/Fishhook turn, but includes a more dynamic counter-steering action. Furthermore, the dimensions of the test track are defined. Therefore, the test is better adapted to the driving dynamics of forklifts and reflects the real driver behaviour more closely. Finally, a parametrical study has been performed, examining the influence of certain important technical properties of the truck such as the maximum speed, the position of centre of gravity, rear axle design features and tyre properties. The results of this study may lead to a better understanding of the vehicle dynamics of forklifts and facilitate goal-oriented design improvements.     

Tuning and objective performance evaluation of a driving simulator to investigate tyre behaviour in on-centre handling manoeuvres

Driving simulation aims at reproducing, within a safe and controlled environment, sensorial stimuli as close to those perceived during the actual drive as possible, in order to induce driving behaviour similar to the real one. This paper illustrates an activity carried out on the driving simulator Virtual Environment for Road Safety, bound for system performance optimisation while dealing with subjective and objective tyres evaluation in the field of on-centre manoeuvres. Such activity can be divided into two main steps. The first one, described herewith, has been focusing on platform motion algorithms tuning and has led to driving simulator objective validation within the on-centre range. Device capability of reproducing dynamics, worked out by the vehicle model, has been thoroughly examined. Simulator sensitivity to a few tyre parameters influencing vehicle lateral dynamics has been analysed too. The second step – calling for the support of experienced drivers – will pursue subjective validation.     

驾驶员运动感觉及其评价

本文提出三类感觉模拟的评价方法：主观评价，生理心理效应评价及计算机仿真评价，利用前庭系统模型，拟定了驾驶员运动感觉模拟逼真度的仿真评价方程式，并对汽车动态仿真器运动驱动算法进行了仿真评价。仿真结果表明，本文采用的前庭系统模型在所用频率范围内具有可信的精度，用它评价运动感觉模拟逼真度是行之有效的。     

驾驶模拟器在自动驾驶系统中的应用研究

自动驾驶车辆在实际道路上行驶之前的测试阶段是一个至关重要的环节。一个低成本、高效率以及高精度测量的自动驾驶车辆的测试方式,对于自动驾驶车辆的开发具有重要意义。将驾驶模拟器运用到研究自动驾驶车辆测试已是近年来的一个研究热点。基于虚拟驾驶场景的自动驾驶车辆的检测,通过组合虚拟驾驶场景的背景车辆、行人、交通灯、建筑、指示标牌等元素,研究将驾驶模拟器与虚拟驾驶场景的联合应用来测试自动驾驶车辆。设计了典型的交通场景,通过自动驾驶车辆和背景车辆的实时交互,研究自动驾驶车辆的各项性能指标。研究结果表明:该驾驶模拟器可以高度拟合人类驾驶体验,驾驶员通过驾驶模拟器控制背景车辆能够很好的模拟现实中的驾驶行为,对自动驾驶车辆的仿真测试起到了促进作用。     

Mental flexibility impairment in drivers with early Alzheimer's disease: A simulator-based study

After memory impairment, one of the most common troubles of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the impairment of executive functioning. However, it can have major consequences on daily life, notably on the driving activity. The present study focused on one important executive function involved in driving: mental flexibility; and considered how this impairment can affect driving. Ten patients with early AD were matched with 29 healthy older drivers. All participants were given an evaluation of mental flexibility through neuropsychological tests and an experimental test developed on a static driving simulator. The experiment was divided in two conditions; one without mental flexibility and another condition with a mental flexibility demand. AD patients showed impairments in the neuropsychological tests evaluating mental flexibility. These deficits are linked to the deficits they showed in the driving simulator flexibility tests. This study contributes to the understanding of mental flexibility mechanisms and on their role in driving activity. It also confirms that the driving simulator is a suitable tool to explore cognitive disorders and driving ability.     

山区公路爬坡车道的交通特性及驾驶安全性模拟评价

以山区公路上设置的某一爬坡车道为试验对象,利用驾驶模拟试验对其交通特性及驾驶安全性进行仿真。根据设计图和现场环境构建了三维虚拟试验场景,通过VISSIM生成试验路段交通流;32名受试者在4种交通条件下进行了驾驶模拟试验;模拟过程中记录车辆的速度、轨迹、加速度、制动力等数据;通过VISSIM仿真试验确定了该爬坡车道的交通量阈值。分析结果表明,在常规交通流情况下,该爬坡车道可提高主路上的车速及其平稳性,同时可减少来自对向车道的冲突;但随着交通流量趋于饱和,其有效性逐渐减弱甚至产生负面影响。     

Vehicle sensor data-based analysis on the driving style differences between operating indoor simulator and on-road instrumented vehicle

Abstract

Indoor simulator and on-road instrumented vehicle are the most popular ways to analyze driving behaviors by using collected Vehicle Sensor Data (VSD). However, for a same driver, the driving performance could be different in the real world and in the simulated world. Even though many studies have been conducted to discover the differences of driving behaviors in these two circumstances, little research has focused on analyzing the differences in driving style, which can provide more integrated knowledge of a driver from the natural structure, stimulus–response mechanism, of driving behaviors. Therefore, in this paper, the driving styles in both the real world and the simulated world are extracted by implementing the nonnegative matrix factorization method on the collected VSD data. Through this analysis, the driving style differences can be quantitatively described and discussed in detail. It is found that the drivers tend to be more unstable and sometimes aggressive when driving the simulator and the deviation in the perception of temporal gap in two circumstances is also discovered. The research findings are particularly valuable to calibrate the driving simulator and construct more reliable driving behavior models.