沥青混凝土路面平整度差的成因及对策研究

结合G205、G312等沥青路面不同程度出现的沉陷、接缝台阶、波浪、车辙、桥涵与路面接茬不平、跳车等路面不平整现象,分析、探讨造成沥青路面平整度差的路基、桥涵、路面基层施工方面、材料方面以及路面摊铺、碾压等主要原因,并提出相应对策措施。     

The contribution of road traffic to particulate matter and metals in air pollution in the vicinity of an urban road

A detailed investigation was conducted to study the sources of particulate matter in the vicinity of an urban road in Žilina. To determine the amount of particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁) present in the ambient air, a reference gravimetric method was used. The main objective of this contribution was to identify the sources of these particles by means of statistical methods, specifically principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA), and absolute principal component scores (APCS), as well as using the presence of 17 metals in the particulate matter (Na, Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Sb, Cd, Ba, Pb). To identify the metals in the particulate matter samples and to determine their abundances, spectroscopic methods were used, specifically inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Each of these metals may come from a specific source, such as the burning of fossil fuels in fossil fuel power plants; local heating of households; the burning of liquefied fossil fuels in the combustion engines of vehicles; the burning of coal and wood; non-combustion related emissions resulting from vehicular traffic; resuspension of traffic-related dust; and industry. Diesel vehicles and non-combustion emissions from road traffic have been identified as two key sources of the particulate matter. The results reveal that non-combustion emissions, which are associated with the elements Na, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Mo, Sb, Cd, and Pb, are the major contributors, followed by combustion emissions from diesel vehicles, which are associated with the elements Mg, Ca, and Ba.     

长大深埋隧道(连载一)

因工程的复杂性、地质条件的不确定性及施工运营安全的严苛性,长大深埋隧道工程在规划、设计、施工、运营等方面面临诸多技术挑战。文章针对地质勘察、隧道系统方案选择、设计方案、开挖方法和支护系统、施工及运营安全、风险管理等方面提出了具体的建议,可为隧道工程技术人员提供借鉴、指导。     

A review of vehicle fuel consumption models to evaluate eco-driving and eco-routing

Fuel consumption models have been widely used to predict fuel consumption and evaluate new vehicle technologies. However, due to the uncertainty and high nonlinearity of fuel systems, it is difficult to develop an accurate fuel consumption model for real-time calculations. Additionally, whether the developed fuel consumption models are suitable for eco-routing and eco-driving systems is unknown. To address these issues, a systematic review of fuel consumption models and the factors that influence fuel economy is presented. First, the primary factors that affect fuel economy, including travel-related, weather-related, vehicle-related, roadway-related, traffic-related, and driver-related factors, are discussed. Then, state-of-the-art fuel consumption models developed after 2000 are summarized and classified into three broad types based on transparency, i.e., white-box, grey-box and black-box models. Consequently, the limitations and potential possibilities of fuel consumption modelling are highlighted in this review.     

基于在线监测的轨道交通网络运营设备维护管理研究

提出对运营设备要注重维护管理，包括设备的前期规划管理、维修模式、管理组织形式、技术管理、信息技术管理、安全管理、备件管理、节能与环保、风险管理、人才培训等方面，简要论述城市轨道交通运营设备综合管理工作的特点，以提高设备维护管理水平。     

德国柏林职业教育模式的启示

文章从德国柏林政府、企业、学校、行会在职业教育中的关系、地位、职责和作用入手,介绍了德国柏林职业教育运行的体制机制情况,并针对我国国情与职业教育现状,提出了加强和改进我国职业教育工作的措施建议。     

海底管道单项高风险因素分析

为了准确掌握海底管道在运行阶段面临的各种单项高风险因素,通过采用相应模型计算和OLGA模拟等方法,以某管道为例,得到了对管道安全影响较大的单项高风险因素为海底管道埋深、海床变化、析蜡可能性、水合物堵塞可能性、结垢、沥青质沉积、抛锚与拖网干扰等、腐蚀、悬跨影响等。文中给出了相应的风险减缓措施,为解决生产实践中海底管道存在的安全隐患提供了依据,预防海底管道事故的发生。     

基于LEAP模型的城市客运交通能耗和污染物排放预测

我国交通运输业能源消耗量与污染物排放量日益增多,交通部门的节能减排措施研究迫在眉睫。本论文基于LEAP模型构建了某城市客运交通能耗与污染物排放模型,并预测了基准情景、政策情景、技术情景及综合情景下该城市客运交通2014-2030年之间的能耗及污染物排放情况。研究表明,三种发展情景下该城市能源需求量及污染物排放较基准情景均有减少,其中综合情景效果最佳,综合情景在2030年的能源消耗与CO2排放可分别减少56.98%和54.55%,CO、HC、NOx与PM2.5可分别减排67.39%、67.27%、51.43%与75.38%。因此应大力发展公共交通,尤其是轨道交通,同时限制私家车的无节制发展,并推广节能环保技术以改善终端利用层次能源结构。     

沿海九省港航发展情况定位分析

通过对沿海辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、福建、广东、广西和海南等九省2001、2006和2007三年揭示港航发展状态数据的灰色聚类分析,得出了广东的港航发展一直位居第一,浙江已经跃居第二,江苏第三,山东始终排在第四和辽宁正在逐步攀升等重要结论。其结论和揭示的内涵对山东和沿海各省的港航在落实科学发展观、推动现代化发展等方面具有参考价值。     

隧道粉尘颗粒物的危害及控制措施分析

目前我国隧道大规模快速的发展,而钻爆法以其高效、经济的特点在隧道建设过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而,施工期隧道钻孔、爆破、喷射混凝土、出渣等施工工艺都会扬起大量粉尘颗粒物,严重危害现场人员的身体健康,降低施工现场的能见度影响施工效率和安全,同时大量颗粒物加剧机械设备磨损,在一定程度上影响了设备的使用寿命。结合隧道开挖过程,根据粉尘在隧道内分布规律,粉尘产生因素及运移机理,通过比较隧道减尘、降尘、排尘、除尘、阻尘五种控制措施的特点,提出与现场相适应的粉尘颗粒物综合防治措施,从而减小粉尘的危害,提高现场施工环境质量。     

The future of transit technology: Lessons from EXPO 86

Expo 86, the World Exposition held last year in Vancouver, Canada, was the largest, special-category world's fair ever staged, with 54 international participants. Given the designated theme of transportation and communications, it is interesting to interpret the statements made by the participants in regard to particular sub-theme areas such as urban transit. This paper reviews the presentations (exhibits, demonstrations, conferences, and seminars) developed by all participants in Expo 86 in regard to urban transit technology, and assesses the significance and direction of technological developments in the areas of vehicle and terminal design, network and system operation and control, and planning and management systems.     

Investigating travel utility elements in association with travel time and mode choice: the case of Seoul,South Korea

In this paper, travel utility is conceptualized into the elements of disutility, or derived utility, and positive utility, which includes synergistic and intrinsic utility, and then analyzed in terms of the effects of these elements on weekly travel time according to three travel modes – the automobile, public transit, and nonmotorized modes – and on the choice of the annually most used mode. Linear regressions on mode-specific travel time and a multinomial logistic regression on mode choice show that, compared to life situation and land-use characteristics, utility elements are among the strongest travel determinants. Specifically, while some utility elements contribute exclusively to shifting the mode of travel and others to increasing nonmotorized travel, modal shift is most strongly affected by a disutility element, trip timeliness, and the increase in nonmotorized travel by a positive utility element, amenities.     

基于AHP-DEMATEL的高铁枢纽换乘效率关键因素研究

为了找出影响高铁枢纽换乘效率关键因素,科学合理高铁枢纽布局,提出一种基于AHPDEMATEL组合评价方法。以高铁枢纽为评价对象,通过构建具有层次结构的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标初始权重,决策与试验评价实验室法(DEMATEL)求得各评价指标影响度、被影响度、中心度,从而确定各指标综合影响度。研究结果表明:其他交通衔接性、通道便捷性、设施供给度、枢纽组织有序度、停车场供需比、平均换乘时间、平均换乘距离、单位时间换乘量、绕行系数是影响高铁枢纽换乘效率的关键因素。     

What are the determinants in making people free riders in proof-of-payment transit systems? Evidence from Italy

Nowadays, in proof-of-payment transit systems, fare evasion is provoking strong interest in public transport companies (PTCs) due to the relevant economic losses, social inequity and increased levels of violence affecting personal security. Therefore, there is the need to recognize possible fare evaders. By using 2177 on-board personal interviews, gathered from an Italian PTC, and logistic regression models, we isolate determinants of possible free-rider passengers and, hence, those whom it might be advisable to target in order to capitalize on the effect of the application of countermeasures on fare evasion put forward by the local PTC. We show that males, younger than 26 years, with a low education level, unemployed and/or students and without an alternative mode of transport other than the bus are more probably fare evaders. Moreover, people who make trips of shorter than 15 min, who are systematic users and are not satisfied with the service are possible fare evaders. Finally, we found that a low level of inspection, knowledge of fines and previous ticket violations are determinants which make people more prone to evade fares. These outcomes are very useful, because, to the best of our knowledge, they represent the first empirical contribution showing the determinants which help evaluate the propensity to be a fare evader, in probabilistic terms. Moreover, they could help PTCs understand who might be a fare evader, in order to anticipate suitable countermeasures.     

浅议土压平衡盾构机刀具的配置、维修和管理

盾构机刀具配置、维修和管理是盾构施工设备管理的重要内容。文章着重介绍了盾构机刀盘的特点和刀具布局,以及分类、维修和盾构施工掘进中刀具的管理;针对不同地层情况,提出了刀盘选型和刀具配备方式;结合深圳地铁2号线东延线2222标段盾构施工实例,对刀具的配置情况、维修和失效形式等作了进一步阐述。     

Economic resilience to transportation failure: a computable general equilibrium analysis

This study develops and applies a multimodal computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework to investigate the role of resilience in the economic consequences of transportation system failures. Vulnerability and economic resilience of different modes of transportation infrastructure, including air, road, rail, water and local transit, are assessed using a CGE model that incorporates various resilience tactics including modal substitution, trip conservation, excess capacity, relocation/rerouting, and service recapture. The linkages between accessibility, vulnerability, and resilience are analyzed. The model is applied to the transportation system failures in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina to illustrate its capabilities. The analytical framework, however, has broader applications and can provide insights for resource allocations to enhance emergent responses to unexpected events and to improve resilient design of transportation infrastructure systems.     

三阶段检查台账在公路建设质量监督管理中的应用

高速公路的建设需要良好的质量控制措施,质量专项检查就是进行质量监督、管理、控制的重要和有效手段。在实践中按其进度和重要性,我们把它分成三个关键阶段:第一个关键阶段路基、结构物下部;第二个关键阶段路面底基层、基层、结构物上部;第三个关键阶段路面面层、交通安全设施。我们对三个关键阶段完成后所进行的质量专项检查简称三阶段检查,以此实现消除工程隐患,提高质量的目的。     

城市燃气储气调峰方式的选择与分析

城市燃气用气有季节、月、日及小时的不均衡性,根据国内某城市的预测数据分析,随着该城市用气量的增加,其所需调峰量也逐渐增加,但调峰缺口率却越来越大.为了解决这种供气与用气之间的矛盾,介绍了5种城市储气调峰的方式及其特点,包括水合物形式储气(NGH)、地下储气库储气、储气罐储气、高压管道储气和液化天然气储气.然后结合具体城市,对5种储气方式经过技术经济等比较后,最终得出了高压管道储气是该市最经济的储气调峰方式的结论.     

The development of a mobility index based on a factor analysis of the socio‐economic characteristics of households

Anthony J. Faria is an associate professor and Chairman of Marketing in the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Windsor. A graduate of Michigan State University, he received his Ph.D. degree in 1974. Dr. Faria is a member of the American Marketing Association, Southern Case Research Association, the Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, and the North American Simulation and Gaming Association. Dr. Faria has authored a marketing simulation game entitled COMPETE: A Dynamic Marketing Simulation and has published in the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Small Business Management, Pittsburgh Business Review, Traffic Quarterly, Retail Control, Atlanta Economic Review, Retail Directions, Department Store Economist, The Southern Business Review, Business and Society, and the Marquette Business Review. In addition, he has participated in various seminars for the business community.