引起牛蛙腹根电位的传入纤维类别分析

实验用牛蛙,以坐骨神经干复合动作电位作为监测纤维类别的指标,对引起牛蛙腹根电位(VRP)的传入纤维类别进行了分析。实验中可见,当刺激强度为0.054±0.003使时,随动作电位α波的出现,在腹根可记录到前人所报道的短潜伏期的VRP,即A类纤维引起的VRP(A—VRP)。当刺激强度增加到70T左右,在A—VRP之后出现一长潜伏期的VRP。该波与A—VRP的极性一致;在300T达最大幅度。用普鲁卡因阻滞、三角波刺激、远侧与近侧刺激对比的方法,证明了这一长潜伏期的VIIP是由C类传入诱发的,命名为C—VRP。实验结果证明:牛蛙坐骨神经的C类纤维也可诱发VRP。C—VRP似可作为一个“痛”反应指标。     

刺激视叶对脊髓活动的影响

实验在分析诱发VRP传入纤维类别的基础上,以DRP和VRP为指标,观察了牛蛙视叶下行冲动对脊髓活动的影响。发现:1、刺激坐骨神经诱发的脊髓VRP有早、晚两个成分;早期成分由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类传入纤维兴奋引起;晚期成分由Ⅳ类传入纤维兴奋引起。2、刺激牛蛙视叶可诱发脊髓DRP。3、刺激视叶对刺激坐骨神经诱发的脊髓VRP早、晚期成分均有抑制作用。该抑制时程长,且早期成分的抑制和DRP在时程上有相关性。上述结果表明;视叶能以突触前抑制的形式参与躯体感觉传入的离心控制,影响脊髓反射活动,并可能涉及镇痛机制。     

蟾蜍坐骨神经各类传入纤维的动作电位及其引起的背根电位

实验记录并分析了蟾蜍坐骨神经上的复合动作电位;计算了各类纤维的传导速度。记录了分级刺激所引起的DRPs,分析了粗纤维传入在引起DRPs上的作用。实验证明了Ⅲ、Ⅳ类纤维传入均引起的负的DRP,并着重分析了Ⅳ类纤维兴奋引起的C—DRP及其特征。     

吗啡及纳洛酮对离体蟾蜍脊髓腹根反射影响

本实验观察了镇疼药吗啡及其拮抗剂纳洛酮对离体蟾蜍脊髓腹根反射(VRR)的影响。发现小剂量吗啡(3.5×10~(-7)～10~(-5)M)对离体脊髓VRR具有兴奋作用,在一定范围内它与吗啡浓度呈正比关系。而大剂量(5.32×10~(-5)～8.08 ×10~(-5)M)吗啡则对VRR有抑制作用。单独施加纳洛铜于标本对VRR无兴奋或抑制作用,但当一定浓度吗啡兴奋标本时,加入纳洛酮可对抗其兴奋作用。进一步加大纳洛酮浓度,甚至可抑制VRR。实验资料提示纳洛酮可对抗吗啡对离体脊髓VRR的兴奋作用。     

大白鼠腓肠神经A类传入纤维诱发的脊髓背表面电位

刺激50只大白鼠腓肠神经A类纤维所诱发的脊髓背表面电位由N_1—N_2—P_1波组成,与猫等所见类似。P_1波时程较短为其特征。用分级剌激、传导速度比较和直流电阻断等方法证实:N_1波由A_β纤维引起;N_2波主要由Aδ纤维引起,A_β纤维也参与了N_2波的形成;P_1波主要由A_β纤维引起,Aδ纤维也参与了P_2波的形成。结果表明,记录大白鼠脊髓背表面电位可作为研究突触前抑制和镇痛原理的一个较为方便的动物模型。     

钨丝微电极法研究人体内关穴的传入纤维

本文用钨丝微电极法以内关穴为典型观察参与针感冲动传导的纤维类别及其与针感性质的关系发现: 1.电针内关穴时可以兴奋Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ类传入纤维。2.该Ⅳ类传入纤维的动作电位的性质与皮肤交感传出C电位不同。它是电针穴位时所诱发的。3.初步观察到针感性质和传入纤维类别间有一定的依存关系。     

牵拉膀胱对脊髓背角躯体反应神经元的效应

实验用脊髓大白鼠,电刺激左侧腓肠神经,玻璃微电极在脊髓背角记录到157个反应神经元;记录的神经元单位放电稳定后,采用牵拉膀胱的方法,发现其中32个神经元对内脏传入也发生反应,称之为躯体——内脏会聚神经元(somatovisceral Convergent neuron SVCN)。根据传导速度推算,本实验兴奋的内脏传入属N类纤维。实验发现牵拉膀胱,引起9个WDR神经元躯体传入晚成分增加。另外记录到15个有自发放电的神经元,牵拉膀胱,13个自发放电增多,2个减少。本文为躯体、内脏传入在脊髓背角的会聚增添了新资料,并为膀胱疾患牵涉痛的中枢机制提供了实验依据。     

亚硒酸钠对离体蟾蜍脊髓腹根反射的影响

以离体蟾蜍脊髓为标本,观察亚硒酸钠对腹根反射的作用。发现硒对腹根反射的作用是先兴奋、后抑制。用蔗糖间隙法记录表明硒对腹根有去极化作用。Mg~(2+)明显削弱这一作用,提示硒对中间神经元的作用占主要地位。亚硒酸钠可时抗腹根的强直后超极化电位(即强直VRP的正相波)进一步从反面印证了它对腹根的去极化作用。本文所得结果说明亚硒酸钠对蟾蜍脊髓具有先兴奋、后抑制的双相效应。     

猫足三里穴在脊髓中上行通路的电生理学观察

电刺激支配足三里穴的腓神经,或电针足三里穴都可在猫脊髓背索、背外侧索、腹外侧索和腹索四个象限的白质的上行纤维中引导到相应的诱发电位。提示电针足三里穴时,传入冲动並不局限于某一特殊的传导索上行。脊髓背側部的诱发电位和腹侧部显著不同。背侧部以低阈值,短时程,章突触的快电位为主;腹侧部以高阈值,长时程的多突触的慢电位为主。电刺激腓神经或足三里时,粗纤维的兴奋主要经脊髓背侧部上行。细纤维的兴奋主要经同侧或对侧的脊髓腹侧部上行。应用足以使C纤维兴奋的强刺激时,並不能在脊髓各上行传导索上引导到田C纤维兴奋引起的诱发电位。其原因有待于进一步探讨。     

蟾蜍外周神经条件剌激对C类传入终末兴奋性的影响

本实验以蟾蜍为对象,断脑成脊髓动物,记录了由刺激背根进入区所引起的逆向C波,并观察了坐骨神经混合干60T强度的条件刺激对逆向C波的影响。结果表明:条件刺激可使逆向C波波幅增加,即兴奋性升高,并具两个时相,从而提示:外周初级传入各类纤维均能引起C类纤维终末的突触前抑制活动。     

引起牛蛙背根电位的传入纤维类别分析

实验用牛蛙。以坐骨神经干复合动作电位作为监测传入纤维类别的指标,对引起牛蛙背根电位(DRP)的传入纤维类别进行了分析。着重讨论了C-DRP的性质。实验中发现,阈刺激时,背根即可记录到一慢的负波A-DRP。随刺激强度增加,A-DRP幅度增大,在20T达到其最大幅值。在70T刺激强度下,在A-DRP之后出现一长潜伏期的负波。该波在300T达最大值。用普鲁卡因阻滞及三角波选择性刺激的方法均证明,该波是Ⅳ类传入引起的C-DRP。实验结果表明:牛蛙坐骨神经各类传人纤维均能引起负的背根电位。即各类纤维均能在脊髓节段引起突触前抑制。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SPINAL CORD INJURY TREATED WITH THE COMBINATION OF FETAL SPINAL CORD TRANSPLANTATION AND METHYLPREDNISOLONE

ＴｈｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙｏｆＬａｒｇｅＤｏｓａｇｅｏｆＭｅｔｈｙｌｐｒｅｄｉｎ ｓｏｌｏｎｅ(ＭＰ)ｆｏｒＳＣＩｈａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｌｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｃａｎｇｒｅａｔｌｙｉｍｐｏｖｅｔｈｅｎｅｒｖｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｍｅａｎ ｔｉｍｅ,ａｎｉｍａｌｔｅｓｔｓｈａｖｅａｌｒｅａｄｙｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｉｆｆｅｔａｌｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄｉｓｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｊｕｒｅｄｓｐｉｎａｌｃｏｒｄａｒｅａ ,ｉｔｃａｎｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｅｔｈｅａｘｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｈｏｓ…     

PRIMARY STUDY OF REPAIRING PERIPHERAL NERVE GAP WITH PORCINE SMALL INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSA

Objective To investigate the role of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) conduit in axonal regeneration of rat sciatic nerve with a 10 mm gap. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=16). Following a 10 mm gap was made in one side of the sciatic nerve of each rat; previously prepared SIS and auto-nerve graft were interposed into the gap to reconnect the proximal and distal ends of the nerve, respectively. In the control group, the nerve gap remained unconnected. The samples of the SIS, graft, and distal nerve in group 1 and group 2 were harvested at 6 weeks and 10 weeks after operation, respectively. Axonal regeneration was evaluated by histology, electrophysiology, and quantitated by using computer-analyzed image.Results Regenerative nerve fibers were evident which contained much myelinated axons and grew over the gap in the SIS conduits at 10 weeks. Electrophysiological examination and computer-analyzed image showed that axonal regeneration in the SIS group was similar to that in the auto-nerve grafting group at 10 weeks. Conclusion SIS as a conduit possesses the ability for axonal regeneration of the peripheral nerve, thereby having a potential to be an alternative bio-material instead of the autograft to repair the peripheral nerve gap.     

EFFECTS OF THROMBOLYSIS WITH ULTRASOUND ON THE STRUCTURE OF ERYTHROCYTE AND ITS SAFETY THRESHOLD

The study was to investigate thrombolysis in vitro with ultrasound, and to discuss effects of thrombolysis with ultrasound on the structure of erythrocyte and its safety threshold under different ultrasound intensity and exposure time. The structure of erythrocyte in thrombus was evaluated under light microscope. The relationship between the structure of erythrocyte in thrombus and ultrasound intensity and exposure time was obtained. The results showed that ultrasound eliminated the thrombus. According to the change of the structure of erythrocyte in thrombus and ultrasound intensity and exposure time, the effects of thrombolysis with ultrasound could be divided into three kinds of areas： the A, B, C area. The area A was the safe area, the area B was the relatively safe area, and the area C was the irreversible damage area. The study suggested that ultrasound intensity and exposure time had significant impact on the structure of erythrocyte. Stronger ultrasound intensity or longer exposure time could cause erythrocytes irreversible damage. It could accelerate thrombolysis and shorten the exposure time that the ultrasound intensity was little bit increased. The study of effects of thrombolysis with ultrasound on the structure of erythrocyte and its safety threshold were important for practical applications.     

穴位电针刺激参数与背根电位的关系

本文报告了穴位电针剌激参数与大白鼠背根电位(Dorsal Root Potential简称DRP)的关系。结果提示,当电针刺激强度为4T～10T、频率为40～80Hz时,穴位电针引起的DRP振幅较大、时程较长。此时Ⅱ类纤维大部分或全部兴奋、Ⅲ类纤维部分或大部分兴奋。用不同间隔的双刺激实验结果对频率剌激引起的DRP的机理进行了分析。对穴位电针剌激参数、DRP峰值和时程与镇痛效果的关系,以及电针镇痛的传入纤维类别等进行了讨论。