国外海底管道屈曲传播及止屈试验技术综述

海底管道屈曲传播机理极其复杂,涉及到弹塑性稳定后屈曲问题,须通过大量的试验进行研究.文章概述了国内外海底管道屈曲传播理论研究发展历程,着重介绍了国外在海底管道屈曲传播与止屈试验技术方面的研究,总结和评述了国外相关试验装置的特点,探讨屈曲传播压力、传播速度、止屈效率等关键因素的试验测定方法,并指明了管道屈曲传播与止屈试验技术的发展方向,为海底管道屈曲传播及止屈试验设计提供指导.     

深水海底管道止屈器设计研究

随着水深的增加,深水海底管道由于外压导致压溃、屈曲及屈曲传播的可能性大大增加.深水海管设计中,通常采用止屈器来控制海管由于较大的外压可能造成的压溃及屈曲传播.止屈器的主要作用是:在管道受外压的条件下,一旦发生压溃屈曲并发生屈曲传播时,将屈曲传播的破坏限制在一定管道长度范围内.该文进行了深水海底管道止屈器设计研究,并基于有限元模型进行了管道的屈曲和屈曲传播分析.     

国外海底管道局部屈曲研究综述

海底管道是海洋油气集输系统中最重要的组成部分之一,从铺设到服役都将承受多种载荷的作用,并可能发生局部屈曲且沿管道传播开来,由此造成严重的后果。海底管道的局部屈曲在管道安全性方面具有重要意义,已成为海底管道设计与评估中重要的内容。详细阐述了国外关于海底管道受外压、弯矩和轴力作用下的局部屈曲研究成果,论述了在单个载荷和多个载荷联合作用下的局部屈曲破坏机理,并提出了未来研究的建议。     

Theoretical Studies in Isolated Prop Model of Subsea Pipeline

基于热屈曲理论,考虑独立支撑缺陷对海底管道隆起屈曲的影响,文章推导了独立支撑缺陷海底管道隆起屈曲段长度、隆起屈曲临界荷载和前屈曲荷载,并与已有结果进行了对比,表明:独立支撑缺陷对海底管道隆起屈曲临界荷载有显著的影响,验证了本文研究结果的可行性.     

海底管道整体式止屈器模型试验与数值模拟

整体式止屈器是一种必备的海洋工程装置,它在阻止海底管道屈曲传播和保证海底管道安全运行方面发挥着重要的作用,而穿越压力是其设计和安装的重要的技术参数。为了得到更准确的计算结果,采用模型试验和数值模拟的方法,对整体式止屈器穿越压力公式重新进行设计。将得到的计算公式与其他经典计算方法进行对比,验证了穿越压力计算的准确性,它对整体式止屈器的工程设计和建造具有指导意义。     

海底管道整体屈曲摄动解与Galerkin解的对比分析

海底管道在高温高压下的整体屈曲是管道设计中需要考虑的重要问题。由于地基土体对管道作用的非线性特点,使得求解高温高压下海底管道整体屈曲变形的理论解非常困难。摄动法和Galerkin法是求解海底管道整体屈曲的重要方法。文章在考虑土体对管道抗力的分析模型基础上对海底管道水平向整体屈曲变形的摄动法解与Galerkin法解进行了对比,发现两者得到的结果差异较小,但Galerkin法求解过程复杂,计算量大,且土抗力的函数表达式较为单一。     

海底管道侧向屈曲分析

侧向屈曲是非埋设海底高温高压管道运行期间常见的失效形式.由高温和高压造成的管道轴向应力是导致管道侧向屈曲的主要原因.本文对管道侧向屈曲进行了数学解析分析,并给出了管道在实际运行状态下发生侧向屈曲时常出现的四种模态的力学分析结果.对某工程项目的海底管道进行了侧向屈曲的数值计算以验证其工程可靠性.从理论和工程实践两方面分析比较了控制侧向屈曲的各种方法.初步探讨了深水高温高压管道的侧向屈曲控制方法.     

复合材料立管抗屈曲能力的提高方法

由于复合材料具有高比强度、设计性强、扰腐蚀性能好等优点,而广泛应用于海洋立管中,但是复合材料立管设计还不够成熟。本文为探究提高复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的方法,研究了复合材料结构参数对复合材料立管抗面压屈曲能力的影响,发现铺层数和铺层角对其抗面压屈曲能力有较大影响。其后对复合材料立管增加止屈器,结果表明止屈器可以较大幅度提高其抗面压屈曲能力。对今后研究复合材料立管抗屈曲能力提供一定的指导意义。     

带止屈器的复合材料圆柱壳结构屈曲分析及优化

针对海洋工程上的复合材料圆柱壳结构,基于有限元软件ABAQUS,利用Python语言编程实现参数化建模、屈曲分析以及在后处理中提取屈曲因子。研究复合材料圆柱壳结构在单独受到轴向压力、侧向压力以及两种压力组合作用下止屈器的位置对屈曲极限强度的影响,并利用遗传算法多参数优化的方法对止屈器的位置进行优化,最终找到最优解。研究结果可以为复合材料圆柱壳结构抵抗屈曲失效的优化设计提供参考。     

壁厚所致几何不连续性对卷管法安装管道的影响

对于深水管道,止屈器起到了很好的防止屈曲传播的作用,但是在卷管法安装中,管道在上卷和退卷的过程中将产生塑性变形,而由于止屈器导致的管道壁厚几何不连续性将使局部管段的变形增大,可能加剧塑性变形的影响。针对这个问题,建立ABAQUS非线性有限元模型模拟管道安装过程,研究上述问题对卷管、铺管中管道性能的影响并作参数敏感性分析。结果表明:壁厚所致几何不连续性的存在导致卷管安装时管道局部曲率和应变明显增大;增加回拉力可降低上述不连续性的影响,但管道残余椭圆度也将增加;增大卷筒半径或减小管道直径将使不连续性的影响降低;增大管道壁厚可降低不连续性的影响,但会增加建造成本。文章研究结论可为卷管法安装中管道设计提供理论指导。     

Buckle propagation of damaged SHCC sandwich pipes: Experimental tests and numerical simulation

Sandwich pipe (SP) combining high-strength performance and thermal insulation has been considered an effective solution for oil and gas transportation in ultra-deepwater. Strain hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) is well known for its capacity to withstand both tensile load and external hydrostatic pressure. The sandwich pipe considered in the research is constituted of concentric steel pipes with SHCC annular layer. In the present research work, the SHCC was manufactured, and full scale sandwich pipes were assembled. Intact and damaged specimens were submitted to controlled external pressure in a hyperbaric chamber to obtain the collapse and propagation pressures, respectively. Modeling and simulation of the buckle propagation of the SPs were correlated with the experimental results. The results show that sandwich pipe with SHCC core has an excellent structural strength under high external pressure in both intact and damaged conditions. Moreover, the results also show that the interaction between the annular and the inner/outer pipes provides a significant contribution to the buckling resistance under propagation pressure.     

Lateral buckling of subsea pipelines triggered by combined sleeper and distributed buoyancy section

In order to release the axial compressive force resulting from high-temperature conditions, sleepers or distributed buoyancy sections are usually installed along the route of the subsea pipeline as the buckle initiation facilities to trigger lateral buckles. DNV-RP-F110 suggests that the individual buckle initiators can be combined to further increase the reliability of buckle formation. In this study, an improved buckle initiation technique, called the combined sleeper and distributed buoyancy section, is investigated. A generalised mathematical model is proposed to simulate lateral buckling triggered by the combined sleeper and distributed buoyancy section, and it can also be applied to simulate lateral buckling triggered by an individual technique, such as triggered only by sleeper or only by distributed buoyancy section. The mathematical model is verified by comparing with the solutions in the literature. The parametric analysis shows that the buckle formation reliability can be improved when the combined sleeper and distributed buoyancy section is employed. Moreover, both the axial force and the maximum stress along the buckled pipeline in the post-buckling stage are at a lower level, so the pipeline will be safer when the combined sleeper and distributed buoyancy section is utilised as the triggers.     

Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

Antisymmetric thermal buckling triggered by dual distributed buoyancy sections

Rogue buckles may occur for unburied subsea pipelines operating under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Distributed buoyancy section (DBS) is often installed to trigger pipeline lateral buckling. Single distributed buoyancy section (SDBS) is normally adopted to trigger a symmetric lateral buckling mode. But in some cases, dual distributed buoyancy sections (DDBS) with a gap between them are utilised to trigger an antisymmetric lateral buckling mode. This paper concerns the behaviour of antisymmetric lateral buckling triggered by DDBS. First, the locations of the maxima of the deflection and bending stress are determined. Then, comparisons of the post-buckling behaviour between antisymmetric buckling mode, triggered by DDBS, and symmetric buckling mode, triggered by SDBS, are presented and discussed. The influences of the spacing between dual buoyancy sections and the parameters of the DBS on the buckled configuration and post-buckling behaviour are presented. Finally, the effects of the DBS on the minimum critical temperature difference, the maxima of the deflection and stress are discussed. The results show that the maxima of the deflection and stress of the antisymmetric mode are much smaller than that of the symmetric mode under the same operating conditions. During the design process, the spacing between dual buoyancy sections, the length and the weight ratio coefficient of the DBS should be determined in sequence.     

虚拟样机技术在气垫船推进系统特性研究中的应用

由于气垫船的结构特点,传统的研究方法不适于气垫船推进系统特性研究.本文将现代虚拟样机技术引入气垫船推进系统特性研究中,对气垫船船体和轴系建模及船体-推进系统的耦合方法进行了比较研究.并应用本文提出研究方法,对某型气垫船推进轴系进行了动态支承力的仿真研究.     

换填法垫层厚度的优化设计

换填法地基处理设计关键是确定垫层的厚度。鉴于传统的设计方法存在不足,文章提出了一种改进的方法,经算例验证该法能更好地确定最佳垫层厚度,同时能适应不同的安全要求,具有较大的灵活性。     

天津港焦炭码头卸车坑地下连续墙渗漏水原因分析

通过对天津港南疆焦炭码头卸车坑地下连续墙的结构特点、施工过程、修补措施及当地的特殊的地质条件等因素的分析,综合考虑了各因素对地下连续墙的影响,从而客观地评价了地下连续墙渗漏水的成因,为选择适当的防渗漏材料提供了科学依据。     

中压舰船接地方式与人体安全性分析

中压电力系统在舰船上的应用给舰船人员的安全性提出了新的要求,为此在建立人体模型的基础上,分析两种不同接地方式人体触电的危害,并给出了相应的安全措施.     

不确定动荷载作用下的地基固结度估算

为了得到不确定动荷载作用下的地基固结度,通过工程实例,采用反分析法对不确定动荷载作用后地基的固结度进行了估算,并进行了现场验证。结果表明估算结果是可靠的,可供类似工程借鉴。