初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳塑性稳定性影响初探

耐压圆柱壳结构发生失稳时，壳体结构因为材料达到屈曲极限而发生了塑性屈曲变形。利用有限元软件ANSYS分析研究计及初始缺陷的弹塑性屈曲对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载能力的影响。根据试验模型测量建立的真实模型与带理想初始缺陷模型进行对比分析，并讨论模型的初始缺陷在一定范围内时，结构极限承载力的变化。     

初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳塑性稳定性影响初探

耐压圆柱壳结构发生失稳时,壳体结构因为材料达到屈曲极限而发生了塑性屈曲变形。利用有限元软件ANSYS分析研究计及初始缺陷的弹塑性屈曲对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载能力的影响。根据试验模型测量建立的真实模型与带理想初始缺陷模型进行对比分析,并讨论模型的初始缺陷在一定范围内时,结构极限承载力的变化。     

凹坑表面圆柱的尾流特性

为了阐明凹坑表面圆柱后流特性，采用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对凹坑表面圆柱后流流场进行了测量，同时利用本征正交分解法（POD）对凹坑圆柱流场进行分解。在试验雷诺数为1.17×10⁴时，研究光滑圆柱及凹坑表面圆柱尾流的时均速度场、POD模态能量分布、POD模态系数以及POD模态系数的相关性。结果表明：凹坑表面能够产生涡垫效应；凹坑表面圆柱的模态1和模态2所包含的能量低于光滑圆柱，旋涡脱落过程被影响，涡街的形成延迟，但是凹坑圆柱的旋涡脱落频率略大于光滑圆柱。此外，凹坑表面圆柱的POD模态系数的相关性特征被破坏。凹坑圆柱的POD模态系数的相关性，说明凹坑结构削弱了涡脱落过程。凹坑圆柱的能量分布相对分散。     

潜艇耐压圆柱壳肋间环向支骨加强型式研究

对潜艇耐压圆柱壳肋间加设一根和两根中间支骨的结构型式进行了系列优化设计，其计算结果及结论可为潜艇有关设计部门提供参考。     

由圆板封闭的带纵筋双层圆柱壳的纵向力和周向力

本文推导了由圆板封闭的带环向和纵向构件的双层圆柱壳的纵向力和周向力表达式。据该式计算出的壳体中面应力同试验值吻合。为双层圆柱壳的应力水平，稳定性和承载能力研究提供了可靠基础。适用于不带纵筋的双层圆柱壳的单层圆柱壳，具有广泛的适用性和较高的精度。文中还提出了工程计算用的图谱。     

双层圆柱壳在均匀轴压下的屈曲行为

对双层不锈钢圆柱壳在均匀轴压下的屈曲性能进行研究,分别设计、制作和测量了3个名义相同的双层圆柱薄壳,其长径比均为1.7。通过对试样进行轴向压缩试验获得其载荷位移曲线和极限强度,采用弧长法对试样进行非线性屈曲分析,得到平衡曲线和临界载荷并与试验结果进行对比。另外采用数值分析法研究双层圆柱壳的缺陷敏感性,进而推测出一种用于评估双层圆柱壳承载能力的理论公式。结果表明,双层圆柱壳的平均极限强度约为单层的1.85倍,双层圆柱壳是缺陷敏感结构,其缺陷敏感性与内层壳体缺陷敏感性趋于一致,且双层圆柱壳的缺陷敏感性随长径比的增加而降低,试验结果、数值计算和理论预测具有较高一致性。     

纵骨式双层圆柱壳结构应力计算的级数方法

对纵骨式双层圆柱壳结构应力计算方法进行了研究，在双层同心纵向加强圆柱壳假设下，建立了力学模型，利用扁壳理论以及应力函数方法建立了平衡方程，并利用梁振型函数的级数展开作为位移和应力函数的待定解，求解出内，外壳板典型部位应力，本方法计算结果与有限元计算值比较吻合，与试验测量值也吻合较好。     

基于Abaqus的环肋圆柱壳长舱段稳定性分析与结构优化

采用大型非线性有限元软件Abaqus分析了环肋圆柱壳长舱段的稳定性规律,对于环肋圆柱壳长舱段,随着舱段长度的增加,其稳定性的数值仿真解与解析解差别逐渐增大,有限元计算结果能够更加合理准确地反映其稳定性状况.现行规范对于环肋圆柱壳长舱段稳定性的求解适用性有所下降,应该考虑对理论公式进行修正.针对某种典型的环肋圆柱壳长舱段,分别采用一根和两根框架肋骨的方案进行结构优化以提高其总体稳定性,结果表明,一根框架肋骨的优化方案重量较轻,稳定性指标更加接近规范的容许值,两根框架肋骨则比较节省舱内空间.综合考虑,一根框架肋骨的方案更加合理.     

具有特定边界的粘弹性圆柱管中波的传播和衰减

本文在线性粘弹性模型框架内研究了一定边界条件下无限长粘弹性圆柱管中轴对称波的传播和衰减.在Ivasson 和Karasalo的方法的基础上,发展了一个自适应绕数积分求根方法.利用该方法得出了粘弹性圆柱管的无量纲化相速度频散曲线和衰减曲线.然后比较了引入损耗因子后粘弹性圆柱管与弹性圆柱管中轴对称波传播的特性.给出了圆柱管的一些参数对相速度和衰减的影响.     

加肋圆柱壳声学相似性试验

本文通过相似的有限长加肋圆柱壳模型在空气中受激振动和水中辐射声功率的相似性试验，验证了文献[1,2]采用有限元和边界元方法提出的弹性结构振动和水下声辐射的理论相似关系。从加速度传感器测量的振动加速度响应中得到的模型前10阶模态频率表示为无量纲频率ωl/E/ρ，它们与理论结果比较，不同模型同阶无量纲频率的最大相结偏差小于5％。测量的振动加速度以al^3ρ/F进行归一化处理，结果基本符合理论相似关系，对加速度进行多点平均或宽频带处理后，试验结果与理论结果更加符合，三个模型在测量频段内的归一化加速度级相差2dB左右。参照空气声学中的方法，在水池的半混响环境中测量模型的水下辐射声功率，为此围绕模型选择一个测量面，由测量面上的声压和水池的混响时间估算辐射声功率，并以ωl^2/F^2进行归一化处理，结果表明在高频段模型的归一化辐射声功率级相差1－2dB。模型设计和试验时，缩比因子λ、谱级倍频程数K和频率移动的频带数N应满足关系2^N/K=λ。     

基于高雷诺数的并联双圆柱绕流研究

文章采用基于边界瞬时涡量守候的拉格朗日方法(IVCBC),结合并列双圆柱的特点,建立了双圆柱绕流数值计算模型。对高雷诺数下Re=6×10~4,间隙率为T/D=1.1~7的并联圆柱双圆柱二维绕流特性进行了研究。提出了双圆柱间隙中点的速度区别宽窄尾流的新方法。分别讨论了流体力系数随间距增加的特点,脉动流体力的特点,尾流特征以及斯托哈尔数特征。研究发现:区别宽窄尾流的新方法是可靠的;在双圆柱尾流附近有五种尾流模型存在;同时发现了在宽窄尾流的频率,存在一个中间频率。     

基于IVCBC涡方法高雷诺数下串联双圆柱的数值计算模型及其尾流特征研究

针对串联双圆柱的结构特点,利用IVCBC涡方法适合高雷诺数下数值计算的特点,建立了高雷诺数下串联双圆柱绕流的数值计算模型;采用经典算例验证了IVCBC涡方法的收敛性;探索了雷诺数为2.5×104、间隙比分别为1.1,1.25,2,2.5,3,3.25和4的串联双圆柱绕流的尾流特征;清晰地展示了尾流中较小的漩涡的形成、分裂和融合,详细地阐述了串联双圆柱流体特征发生突变的原因;深刻地揭示了串联双圆在高雷诺数下的绕流机理。研究表明:尾流模式与经典的实验尾流模型吻合较好,两圆柱中间的涡对是串联双圆尾流发生突变的主要原因;间隙之间时,间隙上部小漩涡形成、间隙中间流体的振动与下游圆柱表面上涡的脱落是同步的;该流体模式能清晰地展示尾流中较小漩涡,说明与有网格方法比较,该计算模型具有较大的优越性,为进一步研究高雷诺数下串联双圆柱流体力的特征提供了重要的研究工具。     

全非线性方法对于沉浸双圆柱定常前行运动引起自由表面流的研究（英文）

The free surface flow generated by twin-cylinders in forced motion submerged beneath the free surface is studied based on the boundary element method. Two relative locations, namely, horizontal and vertical, are examined for the twin cylinders. In both cases, the twin cylinders are starting from rest and ultimately moving with the same constant speed through an accelerating process. Assuming that the fluid is inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational, the integral Laplace equation can be discretized based on the boundary element method. Fully-nonlinear boundary conditions are satisfied on the unknown free surface and the moving body surface. The free surface is traced by a Lagrangian technique. Regriding and remeshing are applied, which is crucial to quality of the numerical results. Single circular cylinder and elliptical cylinder are calculated by linear method and fully nonlinear method for accuracy checking and then fully nonlinear method is conducted on the twin cylinder cases, respectively. The generated wave elevation and the resultant force are analysed to discuss the influence of the gap between the two cylinders as well as the water depth. It is found that no matter the kind of distribution, when the moving cylinders are close to each other, they suffer hydrodynamic force with large absolute value in the direction of motion. The trend of force varying with the increase of gap can be clearly seen from numerical analysis. The vertically distributed twin cylinders seem to attract with each other while the horizontally distributed twin cylinders are opposite when they are close to each other.     

针翅套管内强迫流动阻力特性试验研究

以润滑油-水为工质,对针翅套管双侧强迫流动的阻力特性进行试验研究,分析针翅相对高度与针翅管节距等因素对流动阻力系数的影响。结果发现,针翅套管环隙内的流动阻力特性与普通圆管以及光滑管环隙大不相同。由于其环隙内布满针翅,对流体产生了极大的扰动,因此对流体流态的转变有重要影响,其中相对翅高的影响较大。在对试验数据进行分析整理的基础上,回归出摩擦阻力压降与质量流速和针翅管结构参数的试验关联式。     

低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动预报模型

本文考查了在均匀来流中作横向振荡的圆柱体与周围流体之间的能量转移,由此建立了基于受迫振荡实验数据的弹性支撑圆柱体在均匀流中的涡激振动响应预报模型.根据此模型,分析了低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动响应特性.就水中圆柱体涡激振动响应特性相关的几个关键性问题进行了深入的讨论,包括响应振幅的决定因素、附加质量对锁定范围及响应频率的影响.正确理解这些问题对于深水立管涡激振动响应的有效预报至关重要.     

串列双圆柱流致振动数值模拟

基于开源程序OpenFOAM和动网格技术,利用切应力平衡法建立水流作用下的海上风电基础局部冲刷数学模型。通过模拟结果与实验数据的对比发现,所建立的冲刷数学模型能够合理反映圆柱型单桩基础周围的水流结构,冲刷深度与实验结果吻合较好。     

Empirical model of the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two flexible circular cylinders in a tandem configuration were studied numerically for spacing ratios ranging from 6 to 18 and the reduced velocities ranging from 2.35 to 12.59. The VIV response amplitude, response frequency, fluid force, pressure distribution and vortex structure of the tandem cylinders with different spacing ratios under different reduced velocities were compared. The results indicate that there is a great difference between the lift forces on the downstream and upstream cylinders. The lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder undergoing the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) is larger than that of the upstream cylinder, and the dominant frequency curves of the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream cylinders separate. It can be found that the length and intensity of the wake are quite different under different reduced velocities and spacing ratios, and the reattachment positions between the wake and the downstream cylinder are different, which leads to a great change in the flow around the downstream cylinder and have a great effect on the wake-induced lift force on the downstream cylinder. Considering these factors, an empirical model for the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio was proposed and verified.     

Vortex-induced vibrations of piggyback pipelines near the horizontal plane wall in the upper transition regime

Slender subsea structures like pipelines, jumpers and umbilicals when exposed to currents may experience vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which can shorten their fatigue life and increase the risk of structural failure. In the present study, flow around different configurations of a piggyback pipeline close to a flat seabed has been investigated using the two-dimensional (2D) Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations with the k − ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The Reynolds number (based on the free stream velocity and large cylinder diameter) is equal 3.6 × 10⁶ corresponding to upper-transition regime. The drag forces acting on the cylinders and base pressure coefficient value are well predicted by the present simulations, while the other hydrodynamic quantities (root-mean-square lift coefficient, Strouhal number) are predicted reasonably well as compared to published experimental data. The piggyback pipeline in the present study is modeled as two circular cylinders with a diameter ratio d/D = 0.2 (D denoting diameter of the large cylinder, d is diameter of the small cylinder). These two cylinders are clamped together at a distance G/D = 0.2. The two rigidly coupled cylinders are elastically supported and free to vibrate in two degrees of freedom. The effects on the vibration amplitudes and hydrodynamic forces are analyzed. The flow structures around the cylinders are investigated to explain the variations in observed structural responses. Depending on the angular position (α) of the small cylinder, the lock-in regime is narrower (α = 0°) or significantly wider (α = 180°) when compared to that of a single cylinder.     

Unsteady numerical simulation of flow around 2-D circular cylinder for high Reynolds numbers

In this paper, 2-D computational analyses were conducted for unsteady high Reynolds number flows around a smooth circular cylinder in the supercritical and upper-transition flow regimes, i.e. 8.21×10⁴<Re<1.54×10⁶. The calculations were performed by means of solving the 2-D Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations with a k-? turbulence model. The calculated results, produced flow structure drag and lift coefficients, as well as Strouhal numbers. The findings were in good agreement with previous published data, which also supplied us with a good understanding of the flow across cylinders of different high Reynolds numbers. Meanwhile, an effective measure was presented to control the lift force on a cylinder, which points the way to decrease the vortex induced vibration of marine structure in future.