并列双圆柱绕流中宽窄尾流的识别方法

采用基于边界瞬时涡量守恒(IVCBC)的纯拉格朗日涡方法,结合并列双圆柱的结构特点,建立双圆柱绕流数值计算模型。在间隙率T/D=1.1~2.6时,并列双圆柱绕流会出现宽尾流(WW)和窄尾流(NW)现象。利用两圆柱间隙中心点的诱导速度方向与间隙流的偏转方向同步的特性,提出一种区别宽、窄尾流的数值计算方法;比较间隙流的偏转方向与该间隙中点的速度偏转方向,并进行典型的算例分析。结果表明:该方法能准确区别宽尾流和窄尾流,可为数值研究这一特殊区域的流体特征提供重要的数值计算方法。     

基于IVCBC涡方法高雷诺数下串联双圆柱的数值计算模型及其尾流特征研究

针对串联双圆柱的结构特点,利用IVCBC涡方法适合高雷诺数下数值计算的特点,建立了高雷诺数下串联双圆柱绕流的数值计算模型;采用经典算例验证了IVCBC涡方法的收敛性;探索了雷诺数为2.5×104、间隙比分别为1.1,1.25,2,2.5,3,3.25和4的串联双圆柱绕流的尾流特征;清晰地展示了尾流中较小的漩涡的形成、分裂和融合,详细地阐述了串联双圆柱流体特征发生突变的原因;深刻地揭示了串联双圆在高雷诺数下的绕流机理。研究表明:尾流模式与经典的实验尾流模型吻合较好,两圆柱中间的涡对是串联双圆尾流发生突变的主要原因;间隙之间时,间隙上部小漩涡形成、间隙中间流体的振动与下游圆柱表面上涡的脱落是同步的;该流体模式能清晰地展示尾流中较小漩涡,说明与有网格方法比较,该计算模型具有较大的优越性,为进一步研究高雷诺数下串联双圆柱流体力的特征提供了重要的研究工具。     

三角形布置圆柱体群绕流特性与流动机理研究

基于浸没边界-多松弛-格子玻尔兹曼方法,对Re=100时等边三角形布置三圆柱体群绕流问题进行数值模拟,分析间距比(K_d)与来流角度(α)两个关键参数对流体力系数及流场特性的影响,揭示其流动机理。计算结果表明：不同流场下尾流模式分为单漩涡、单漩涡体向双漩涡过渡、不规则的双漩涡、规则的双漩涡、双漩涡向三漩涡过渡、不规则的三漩涡和规则的三漩涡模式,在α=30°时流场下游涡街更加规则,尾流模式转变更快。三圆柱所受的时均流体力系数受间隙流流速影响较大,各来流角度下随间距比(除小间距比外)的变化趋势基本一致,尾流模式转变会导致三圆柱群的流体力系数均方根值发生显著变化,在K_d≥3.5后上游圆柱流体力系数均方根值有较大起伏。除α=0°工况外,在K_d≥2.5后中游圆柱的涡脱落频率受α和K_d影响较小,数值相对稳定。     

近壁旋转圆柱流场特性数值模拟分析

[目的]为探讨近壁旋转圆柱尾流及流体力特性,对典型间隙比下旋转圆柱绕流进行研究。[方法]对雷诺数Re=200下3种典型间隙比（G/D=0.2,0.8,1.4）的旋转圆柱绕流展开数值模拟,对比不同间隙比和转速比下的圆柱尾流及流体力特性。[结果]结果显示：当G/D=0.2时,圆柱表面脱涡会受到显著抑制,圆柱表面升阻力无波动;当G/D=0.8和1.4且转速比较低时,会发生“尾流涡”脱落现象,其结构与2S模式相似,升阻力系数呈正弦周期性波动,振幅较小;当正旋转速较大时,圆柱表面无漩涡脱落,形成稳定的D模式尾流（随转速比增大由D+模式变为D-模式）,“尾流涡层”与“壁面涡层”发生分离,“壁面涡”呈现多周期性脱落现象,升阻力系数呈多周期波动,振幅显著增大;当反旋转速较大时,圆柱表面被一层正涡量的涡层包裹,漩涡脱落受到显著抑制,升阻力无波动。[结论]所得结论可为高效流动控制技术发展提供参考。     

圆柱绕流研究进展及展望

圆柱绕流问题广泛存在于水利工程、建筑工程和环境工程之中。通过对前人圆柱绕流研究的成果整理和分析,将其分为解析研究、物理模型研究和数值模拟研究3个阶段,总结了单圆柱、双圆柱以及圆柱群绕流在流动形态和圆柱受力特性方面的研究进展。分析发现,现有研究主要集中于简单条件下单柱和双柱的受力特性和尾流流场结构,今后需进一步开展柱群在海洋立管、高桩码头和环境工程等复杂条件下的研究,开发尾流形态的主动控制技术。     

格子Boltzmann方法在串列双圆柱绕流数值模拟中的应用研究

基于格子Boltzmann方法,对二维静止串列双圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与已有研究结果进行了对比分析。为提高计算效率和计算精度,采用了多块网格耦合算法,并在圆柱曲边界处采用了较为精确的边界处理方法。提取了圆柱的升阻力系数,讨论了圆柱间距对圆柱受力情况和尾流特征的影响。数值模拟在雷诺数Re=200条件下进行,对两圆柱中心间距为1.5~4.0D(D为圆柱直径)之间的典型间距进行了数值模拟,获得了圆柱升阻力系数以及尾流中涡和流线的变化,验证了临界间距的存在,模拟结果和已有研究结果符合得较好。     

两种典型截面立柱绕流特性数值模拟

为观察圆形截面和方形截面2种典型截面形式的立柱在绕流上的异同，采用Fluent对这2种截面形式的立柱进行不同折合速度和不同来流角度下的绕流数值模拟。从立柱受力、流体力轨迹曲线及涡泄模式等方面进行结果的分析和对比可知：方形立柱在绕流时流体分离点是固定的，且在相同条件下方柱的斯托哈尔数要比圆柱的小。此外，方柱绕流特性随来流角度的变化而有所变化，方柱的流体力统计值也与圆柱有较大区别，但二者的升阻力频率具有相同的关系。     

基于粘性无反射数值波浪水池研究波浪作用下双浮体共振问题

对于存在小间隙的双浮体系统在波浪作用下的共振问题,传统的势流模型由于忽略了流体粘性的影响,往往会严重高估共振现象。鉴于此,论文通过在不可压缩粘性流体的N-S方程中添加质量源项和阻尼项,建立了粘性无反射数值波浪水池,并基于此数值水池对不同频率波浪下的二维和三维双方箱形浮体的水动力特性进行模拟研究。结果表明,对于二维双浮体,论文方法能够准确地对间隙内的波高、作用在浮体上的波浪力及其共振频率进行预报;在共振频率附近,传统势流模型忽略了粘性的影响,相比论文方法会高估间隙内的波高以及波浪力。对于三维双浮体,势流和粘流结果的差异明显小于二维时两者的差异。对比二维和三维结果可以发现:二维双浮体受到的水平和垂向波浪力均存在强烈的共振现象;而三维双浮体受到的垂向波浪力不存在共振现象,而是随入射波频率的增加而单调递减。     

串列双圆柱涡激振动数值模拟

基于计算流体力学技术开展了低雷诺数Re=150条件下串列双圆柱单自由度涡激振动的数值模拟研究,分析了不同间距比L/D=1.5~5.0、约化速度V_r=3~13条件下串列双圆柱结构动力响应和尾流旋涡脱落特性.结果表明间距比的变化改变下游圆柱锁定区间.对于各个间距比下的上游圆柱其动力响应和单圆柱涡激振动基本相同,而对于下游圆柱其动力响应明显与单圆柱不同.研究还发现存在一个临界约化速度V_(r,crit),当V_rV_(r,crit)时,上游圆柱振幅大于下游圆柱振幅;而当V_rV_(r,crit)时,下游圆柱振幅大于上游圆柱振幅.此外,文中还对不同间距比条件下上、下游圆柱尾流旋涡脱落形态展开了相应的研究.     

海底管道悬跨段的近壁圆柱绕流分析

海底管道靠近海床表面处受海流冲刷,管道与海床表面产生一定间隙,该间隙与管道直径的比值定义为间隙比。通过数值模拟和物理模型试验,研究间隙比对管道绕流的水动力特性的影响。物理模型试验中,六分力天平测得管道的阻力和升力,数值模拟研究管道尾流流态和旋涡发放频率。结果表明:间隙比低于某临界值时,海床的存在阻碍了剪切层与层外流动间的相互作用,抑制层内涡量的传递,下游旋涡得不到充分发展,发放频率有所降低;海床壁面加剧管道两侧压力分布不均匀,压力差增加,因而管道阻力和升力增大;间隙比高于某临界值时,海床的抑制作用逐渐削弱,旋涡脱落趋于规则,海床未对绕流产生较大影响,管道受力随之趋于稳定。该研究可为海流冲刷引起的海底管道悬跨现象的安全设计提供理论指导。     

Empirical model of the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio

The vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of two flexible circular cylinders in a tandem configuration were studied numerically for spacing ratios ranging from 6 to 18 and the reduced velocities ranging from 2.35 to 12.59. The VIV response amplitude, response frequency, fluid force, pressure distribution and vortex structure of the tandem cylinders with different spacing ratios under different reduced velocities were compared. The results indicate that there is a great difference between the lift forces on the downstream and upstream cylinders. The lift coefficient of the downstream cylinder undergoing the wake-induced vibrations (WIV) is larger than that of the upstream cylinder, and the dominant frequency curves of the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream cylinders separate. It can be found that the length and intensity of the wake are quite different under different reduced velocities and spacing ratios, and the reattachment positions between the wake and the downstream cylinder are different, which leads to a great change in the flow around the downstream cylinder and have a great effect on the wake-induced lift force on the downstream cylinder. Considering these factors, an empirical model for the wake-induced lift force on a cylinder with low mass ratio was proposed and verified.     

The effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite circular cylinder with low aspect ratio

Vortex-induced motion is an oscillatory phenomenon which occurs to a floating body with low aspect ratio. The basic phenomenological study about the effects of free surface and end cell on flow around a finite fixed circular cylinder was investigated in this study using particle image velocimetry and hydrodynamic force measurement. It was found from the former experiment that the wake of the cylinder is influenced by the both end cell and free surface. Blowup and back flow are generated from the end cell, and their effects are suspended by free surface. The result of hydrodynamic force measurement showed the effect of Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio of the floating body on the hydrodynamic force. Fluctuating components of hydrodynamic coefficients decrease for increasing Reynolds number, Froude number, and the aspect ratio. On the other hand, the mean drag coefficient increases as Froude number increases and decreases as the aspect ratio increases. The interpretation to these results was discussed in comparison with flow structures observed in the experiment. In addition, it was found that the effect of Reynolds number on the mean drag coefficient changes at different aspect ratios. A possible interpretation to this phenomenon was proposed.     

均匀粘性流体中截断直立圆柱体受迫振荡的三维数值模拟

研究了直立截断圆柱体受迫振荡时的三维绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,采用有限体积法和PISO算法,以自身泻涡频率为振荡频率建立数值模型对受迫振荡圆柱体进行研究分析.分析对比了受迫振荡圆柱体与静止圆柱体力系数差别及流场特性,并取多组雷诺数对柱体的力系数和流场进行了研究分析,总结了受迫振荡圆柱体力系数幅值及平均力系数随雷诺数的变化规律.     

Slow drift damping force acting on a horizontal cylinder

The hydrodynamic forces acting on a circular cylinder and a rectangular cylinder undergoing slow drift oscillation in regular waves were investigated experimentally and numerically. Forced oscillation tests with low frequency and large amplitude in regular waves and forced two-harmonic oscillation with combined low and high frequencies were carried out in the experimental study. In the numerical study a finite-difference method was used to simulate viscous flow around a two-dimensional oscillating cylinder. The results of experiments showed that a horizontal rectangular cylinder oscillating slowly in waves has much higher damping coefficients than one oscillating in two-harmonic mode, while the numerical study indicated that such differences in the damping coefficient arise partly from the different effects of one-direction harmonic flow and rotating flow on the vortex shedding caused by the slow drift oscillation.     

Fluid forces acting on three and four long side-by-side flexible cylinders undergoing flow-induced vibration(FIV)

Multiple side-by-side cylinders are widely employed in many engineering applications. Consequently, flow-induced vibrations (FIV), which have a significant influence on structural reliability, have drawn considerable concern from many investigators. Due to the complicated wake interactions behind the cylinders, the hydrodynamic characteristics of multiple side-by-side cylinders subject to FIV are obviously different from those of a single cylinder. Hydrodynamic force coefficients play an important role in evaluating structural reliability and predicting fatigue damage. However, few relevant investigations have been performed on hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple side-by-side flexible cylinders, which require further research. In this paper, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of three and four side-by-side flexible cylinders with a spacing ratio of 6.0 are obtained by an inverse analysis method based on the oscillation displacements. In the resonance regions, the hydrodynamic force coefficients of multiple cylinders exhibit variation trends similar to those of a single cylinder, especially at higher reduced velocities. In the mode switch regions, relatively large deviations exist between the coefficients of multiple cylinders and single cylinder. The inner cylinder in the three-cylinder system shows prominently distinctive behaviour compared with the outer two cylinders. For the four-cylinder system in a side-by-side arrangement, the outer two cylinders show relatively slight differences between each other compared with the inner two cylinders.     

Effect of surface roughness and initial gap on the vortex-induced vibrations of a freely vibrating cylinder in the vicinity of a plane wall

We studied the effects of the surface roughness and initial gap on the responses of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of a circular cylinder near a stationary plane wall, employing numerical methods. The VIV response amplitudes, lock-in regions, hydrodynamic forces, VIV trajectories and flow fields for three different surface roughnesses and two different initial gaps were systematically compared. The results reveal that the reduced velocity range can be divided into three regions based on the VIV amplitude as pre-lock-in, lock-in, and post-lock-in regions. The width of the lock-in region is not sensitive to the variation of the roughness. The mean drag coefficient has a decreasing tendency with the increased roughness. For a small initial gap, the clockwise wall boundary layer vortices has coalesced with the clockwise vortices shed from the upper side of the cylinder, which further suppresses the shedding of the counter-clock wise vortices from the lower side of the cylinder. The vortex shedding flow pattern displays a weak 2S mode. However, for a large initial gap, there is no coalescing action operating in the wake region and hence most of the vortex shedding flow patterns show an asymmetric 2S mode.     

上游静止柱体对圆柱体结构尾激振动的影响

文章运用半隐式特征线分裂算子有限元算法对串列布置的静止上游柱体和下游圆柱的尾激振动问题进行了数值模拟研究。数值结果表明:上游柱体结构的形状、尺寸比(d/D)和折减速度(Ur)三个参数对下游圆柱体结构的动力响应、运动轨迹与涡脱落模态有着显著的影响,且与单圆柱工况相比存在明显区别;随着尺寸比的增大,上/下游柱体结构之间的互扰作用会由流致效应逐渐转变为尾流效应,使得频率特性发生变化,并会导致下游圆柱体结构的振动响应增强;当d/D=0.5和1.0时,下游圆柱体结构的运动轨迹主要为“8”字形;当d/D=1.5时,除了“8”字形外,运动轨迹还会呈现双弯刀形、“双8”字形和不规则形状。通过对流体力系数与位移时程曲线及位移PSD曲线特性进行分析,揭示了其相互作用的内在机理。另外,下游圆柱体结构的尾流场特性也会随参数的变化而变化,其涡脱落模态主要为2S、P+S和2P三种。     

串列双圆柱流致振动数值模拟

基于开源程序OpenFOAM和动网格技术,利用切应力平衡法建立水流作用下的海上风电基础局部冲刷数学模型。通过模拟结果与实验数据的对比发现,所建立的冲刷数学模型能够合理反映圆柱型单桩基础周围的水流结构,冲刷深度与实验结果吻合较好。     

平板上直立圆柱三维绕流的CFD计算研究

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对粘性不可压缩流体流过平板上直立圆柱的绕流进行了三维数值模拟,采用了有限体积法和SIMPLE计算程式,利用不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程,模拟了雷诺数在200的层流绕流流动。在建立贴体的结构化精细网格之后,成功模拟了马蹄涡,与经典的理论对比具有较好的吻合性。同时得到了交接部区域的剪切力云图。计算结果表明,主/附体结构交接部区域流动机理十分复杂,在这个区域有马蹄涡的存在,是产生交接部冲蚀的根本原因。计算结果表明本文所用方法在模拟含有复杂流动机理的圆柱绕流中是可靠性的。