固化剂对乙烯基酯树脂/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

以乙烯基酯树脂为基体、碳纤维预浸布为增强体、环烷酸钴为促进剂、KH550为偶联剂、过氧化甲乙酮为固化剂,制备乙烯基酯树脂/碳纤维复合材料,研究不同固化剂含量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:树脂与固化剂的质量配比为100∶4时,复合材料的交联固化程度最好,弯曲强度达217.76 MPa,弯曲模量达14734.97 MPa,玻璃化转变温度达106.03℃,热分解温度达399.81℃,SEM图观测可知碳纤维表面有较多胶液,树脂与纤维排列紧密、黏合牢固,纤维断裂整齐,界面结合性能也最好。与经氧化处理复合材料相比,未进行碳纤维表面酸氧化处理的复合材料弯曲强度性能提高了16.2%,弯曲模量提高了13.0%,但物理、化学耐热性比较差。     

PP/PVC共混体系的研究进展

综述了国内外有关聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系的形态结构、热性能、动态力学性能、流变性能和物理力学性能的研究进展。分别介绍了非反应性、引入特殊作用基团和超支化聚合物增容剂改性聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系对其性能的影响。在聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系中加入增容剂使聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系的力学性能得到提高,两相之间的相分离程度减小,相容性改善。尤其是超支化聚合物增容剂和其它增容剂同时改性聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯共混体系,能够更加有效的提高其性能。     

AS-X树脂的增韧及耐候性研究

用马来酸酐MAH熔融接枝POE制得POE-g-MAH,用其作为AS与POE的相容剂,提高AS树脂韧性与耐候性,并研究了PE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH作为相容剂PC/AS共混物的增韧作用.用摆锤式冲击试验机、拉伸试验机测试增韧效果,用SEM,FTIR,DSC等测试手段研究产物及共混物的共组成、相容性、相结构、热稳定性.结果表明：PC/AS共混物增韧效果比POE-g-MAH/AS好,PC/AS共混物缺口冲击强度达到5.45 J/m2几乎是纯AS树脂（1.2 kJ/m2）的5倍.     

提高花岗岩沥青混合料界面水稳性的研究

花岗岩是酸性石料,与沥青的粘附性差,因而很少应用在沥青路面建设中.采用钛酸酯偶联剂改善花岗岩与沥青的粘附界面,通过花岗岩与沥青的粘附性试验、沥青混合料的浸水马歇尔试验及冻融劈裂强度试验,对花岗岩沥青混合料界面抗水损害能力进行了研究.研究结果表明,利用钛酸酯偶联剂能够明显提高花岗岩沥青混合料的水稳性能.     

MA-PA复合EG相变材料的研制及热性能

以十四烷酸(MA)、十六酸(PA)为相变材料单体,制备了系列二元低共熔混合物(MA-PA),再以膨胀石墨(EG)为基体,采用多孔吸附法制备出MA-PA/EG复合相变材料.通过DSC、冷热加速循环和蓄、放热实验,研究了MA-PA/EG材料的热性能.结果表明,在MA-PA与EG最佳质量配比为15∶1的条件下,MA-PA/EG的熔化温度和凝固温度分别为44.99℃和44.42℃,熔化潜热和凝固潜热分别为156.9J/g和155.3J/g,EG对相变温度和潜热的影响不大;1 000次冷热加速循环后MA-PA/EG材料仍具有良好的热稳定性;EG可有效地提高MA-PA/EG材料的蓄、放热速率,且在固液相变过程中无液体侧漏.     

βTCP/CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架制备及性能

以提纯的PLLA为基体材料,以自制CPP纤维（直径10－20μm）及β-磷酸三钙（-βTCP,粒径：30－60μm）为增强材料,以二氯甲烷（分析纯）为溶剂,以碳酸氢氨NH4HCO3（颗粒尺寸：200－500μm）为致孔剂,采用溶媒浇铸/粒子滤取技术与气体发泡相结合的方法制备了-βTCP/CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料.测试了β-TCP/CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料的物理、力学性能,并借助扫描电镜对其微结构进行了观察.结果表明,支架复合材料的初始物理、力学性能和微结构满足软骨组织工程对其支架材料的要求.     

TiB2颗粒增强Cu-Cr基复合材料制备工艺及性能

在Cu-Cr(其中Cr0.1～0.3wt%)二元合金基体上,利用B2O3、活性C和Ti在Cu-Cr合金溶液中的反应,原位生成TiB2颗粒增强铜基复合材料.探讨了其强化机理,测试了力学性能.结果表明:材料经处理后,其硬度为130 HB,电导率为93.62% IACS,软化温度为510 ℃,抗拉强度为466 MPa,屈服强度为420 MPa,延伸率为22%,断口形貌的SEM照片呈现大量等轴韧窝,获得了一种综合性较好的Cu-Cr基复合材料.     

高能球磨对TiC0.5/Cu（Al）复合材料组织和性能的影响

以Ti2AlC和Cu粉作为原料,分别采用滚筒球磨和高能球磨对原料粉进行预混处理,在1 150℃下原位热压反应制备了TiC0.5/Cu（Al）复合材料.实验结果表明,Al从Ti2AlC溶出进入Cu中,Ti2AlC分解并转变成TiC0.5相,然而滚筒球磨制备的复合材料中生成少量AlCu2Ti相.通过对原料粉高能球磨处理,制备后的复合材料AlCu2Ti相消失,细小的TiC0.5颗粒均匀分布于基体中.两种不同方法制备的复合材料的弯曲强度和维氏硬度试验结果表明,高能球磨工艺能提高TiC0.5/Cu（Al）复合材料的弯曲强度,同时维氏硬度略有降低.其中,高能球磨处理后制备的27％ TiC0.5/Cu（Al）复合材料的弯曲强度达到981 MPa,维氏硬度为2.43 GPa.     

含CPP纤维的TTCP型磷酸盐骨水泥的制备

目前磷酸盐骨水泥(CPC)脆性大、强度低等缺点限制了其在很多承受应力部位或骨质薄弱部位的应用,提高力学性能是扩展其应用范围的重要方面.制备了磷酸盐骨水泥及CPP纤维增强的骨水泥复合材料,研究了TTCP含量对骨水泥凝固时间、抗压强度及骨水泥浸泡液pH值的影响;CPP纤维含量对CPC骨水泥凝固时间、力学性能的影响.结果表明:当TTCP含量为10%时,骨水泥凝固时间为20min,抗压强度为45.83 MPa,浸泡液pH值在6~8之间;当CPP含量为10%时,骨水泥复合材料抗压强度为46.91 MPa,抗弯强度为13.85 MPa;扫描电镜照片显示CPP在CPC骨水泥基体中分布均匀,结合性能好.TTCP型骨水泥能够满足临床上对松质骨的力学性能要求,浸泡液pH值变化范围小,可降低炎性反应发生的风险;适量CPP纤维对CPC有明显的增强效果.     

静电纺丝法制备PVP基Ti02-活性碳纤维

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)/钛酸四丁酯(TBT)复合纤维,经250℃预氧化,600℃碳化,磷酸浸渍后600℃活化直接制备改性活性碳纤维,即PVP基TiO2-活性碳纤维.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差热-热重(TG-DTA)分析、X-射线衍射(XRD)进行表征,并分析.结果表明:所得活性碳纤维分布均匀,直...     

Preparation and Characterization of the Covalent-Integrated Poly（lactic acid） and Scrap Leather Fiber Composites

Scrap leather fibers (SLFs) modified with active silane containing epoxide groups were incorporated into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) modified by vinyl trimethoxysilane, i.e., the PLA/SLF composites were prepared for bio-composites by solvent compounding technology in this article. The effects of silane coupling agents on the structures of PLA and SLF molecules were examined, and the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PLA/SLF composites were also measured. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) had proved that silane had been incorporated successfully to PLA and SLF molecules by means of the solvent technology. Scanning electric microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate both the changes in shapes between the pristine SLFs and the treated SLFs and the microscopic structures of composites. According to SEM results, it was shown that there were some significant differences between the untreated and treated SLFs, and a double continuous phase structure had occurred in PLA/SLF composites due to the excellent dispersion of SLFs in matrix. The addition of the treated SLFs into PLA resulted in a distinct improvement of the impact and tensile strengths. When the mass fraction of the treated SLFs was 15%, the notched impact strength and tensile strength of PLA/SLF bio-composites were improved by 34.4% and 21.2% compared with the pristine PLA, respectively. Additionally, with the increase of the modified SLFs content, the thermal stability of PLA/SLF bi-composites was apparently improved. The macroscopic properties of bio-composites were found to be strongly dependent on their components, concentration, dispersion and resulted morphological structures.     

Ignition-proof properties of a high-strength Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr alloy

<正>A high-strength Mg-15.3Gd-l.8Ag-0.3Zr(GQ152K,mass fraction) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy process.The solution and aging(denoted as T6) treated alloy exhibits remarkable mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 421 MPa and tensile yield strength of 309MPa.It has higher igniting temperature of 1208 K.Moreover,it can stand against flame at 1203 K for over 6 min in vertical burning tests, and its flammabiUty behavior is very similar to that of 6101A1 alloy.Vertical burning tests appear to be able to directly study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys and it appears to be a good approach to study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys in an aircraft fire accident.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料细观损伤的温度效应

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的宏观力学行为与其微观损伤机理密切相关，随温度的升高，材料力学性能明显下降，SiCD／A356复合材料表现出不同的细观损伤机理．文中对真空双搅拌方法制备的质量分数为20％的SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在室温和高温下的细观损伤机制进行了研究，在试样断口上，通过扫描电镜观察到了不同的裂纹萌生和扩展机制，根据不同温度下表现出的不同失效方法，归纳出了复合材料细观损伤的温度效应曲线．研究表明，在室温下复合材料的裂纹萌生以基体撕裂和颗粒断裂为主，高温下其裂纹萌生机制以颗粒脱离和基体撕裂为主．     

Composition-dependent mechanical and thermal transport properties of carbon/silicon core/shell nanowires

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study the composition-dependent elastic modulus and thermal conductivity for carbon/silicon core/shell nanowires (NWs). For each concerned carbon/silicon core/shell NW with a specified diameter, it is found that elastic modulus is reduced with a linear dependence on cross-sectional area ratio. The fact matches well with the results of theoretical model. Analysis based on the cross-sectional stress distribution indicates that the core region of core/shell NW is capable of functioning as a mechanical support. On the other hand, thermal conductivity also relies on the cross-sectional area ratio of amorphous silicon shell. The core/shell interface plays a considerable influence on the thermal transport property. The decreasing rate of thermal conductivity is gradually decreased as the composition of amorphous silicon shell increases. In addition, by calculating the phonon density of state, we demonstrate that the reduction in thermal conductivity of the core/shell NW stems from the increase of the low frequency modes and the depression of high-frequency nonpropagating diffusion modes. These results provide an effective way to modify the properties of core/shell NWs for related application.     

Preparation of Polysulfonamide/ZnO Nanocomposite by In-Situ Polymerization

Polysulfonamide/zinc oxide(PSA/ZnO) nanocomposite films with w(ZnO)=0.5% were prepared by in-situ polymerization based on 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone and terephthaloyl chloride in the common solvent N,N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAc). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to observe the microstructure of the composite film. The thermal property was investigated by TGA and mechanical property was characterized by DXLL-1000 electromechanical material testing machine. The results showed that the breaking strength of the film containing 0.5% ZnO was great enhanced. The average size of ZnO particles was below 100 nm. The introduction of ZnO as nano filler in PSA react as UV shield effect and make the composite mechanical property improved.     

热处理对增材制造贝氏体钢组织及性能的影响

针对金属电弧增材制造过程热循环在线控制困难,导致成形组织不均、力学性能低下的问题,以辙叉用贝氏体钢为成形材料,研究了不同整体后热处理工艺对其电弧增材制造试样组织及性能的影响,并对热处理工艺进行了优化.研究结果表明:去应力退火后的电弧增材制造试样力学性能较差,且存在各向异性,经290 ℃等温淬火与280 ℃回火处理后,试样微观组织由回火索氏体转变为下贝氏体+回火马氏体,抗拉强度提升39%,屈服强度提升61%,断后延伸率提升29%,冲击韧性提升17%,硬度提升20%,且各向异性特征大大缓解,材料组织趋于均匀.      

水泥用量对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料性能的影响

通过室内试验和理论分析,研究水泥掺量的变化对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的物理力学性能、水稳定性、抗剪切性能及高温稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明,由于水泥既可作为优质的细集料,又是一种碱性水硬材料,能够与沥青反应生成黏度和强度更高的物质,因而能有效改善泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的性能;当水泥掺量由0增加到3%时,混合料的孔隙率降低了1.2%,残留强度比则增加了22.15%,养护7d后的动稳定度提高了65%左右,而作为黏结层时,与面层及基层的黏结力分别提高了0.88MPa和0.54MPa。     

单向短纤维复合材料中热残余应力研究

基于单向短纤维增强金属基复合材料的单纤维模型,利用轴对称弹塑性有限元分析方法,研究了该类复合材料中热残余应力的大小和分布情况以及各种微结构参数的变化对它的影响,同时还讨论了热残余应力的存在对基体与纤维之间应力传递的影响。研究表明,热应变的不匹配导致纤维受压、基体受拉,界面法向受压。热残余应力的存在降低了基体与纤维间的应力传递,不利于复合材料整体性能的提高。     

增强PDMS在仿生超疏水材料制备中的应用

研究了高岭土增强的聚二甲基硅氧（PDMS）在仿生超疏水材料制备中的应用。以增强PDMS为软模板,通过软刻蚀中的微模塑方法复制了荷叶表面的微一纳复合结构信息,进一步通过热模塑制备出具有与荷叶表面相同信息的高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）超疏水表面,其接触角高达156°。还讨论了高岭土掺杂量对PDMS的力学性能、溶胀性能的影响,为此法在其它高聚物表面的实际应用提供了实验依据。