基于应变的悬空管道性能分析

文中对悬空管道的性能进行了分析.通过力学与有限元的结合,将埋地管道的悬空段简化为大挠度梁,且考虑几何非线性,利用ANSYS建立管道在悬空状态下的大变形有限元模型.研究了跨距变化情况下应变分布情况及变化规律,并基于应变的管道设计准则,对某悬空管道进行安全性评估.结果表明:拉应变最大处出现在出土端管道上表面,跨中管道上表面...     

基于应变的检测与工程适用性评价技术

介绍了国外用于管道应变检测的惯性测绘单元,提出了国内油气管道开展应变检测的必要性.总结了基于应变的工程临界性评估方法的研究现状,提出了国内研究机构开展基于应变的工程适用性评价技术研究的重要性.在此基础上,结合国内管道的实际情况,提出了可行的油气管道应变检测与评价技术研究的思路和方法,可以为油气管道完整性管理和评价技术的...     

穿越活动断层埋地管道的应变分析

文中系统回顾了穿越活动断层埋地管道研究的历程,并分析比较了各种方法的特点、适用范围与不足,通过采用Newmark-Hall法和Kennedy法对管道应变进行了计算,并分析了不同参数对管道应变的影响程度,考虑埋地管道安全性以及建设的经济性,建议埋地管道敷设时以50°～80°穿越断层、管道埋深控制在1 m以内,最后针对当前的研究现状,提出对今后穿越活动断层埋地管道研究的建议和看法。     

斜滑断层对埋地天然气管道力学性能影响

为研究斜滑断层作用下埋地天然气管道受力性能和影响因素,采用有限元软件ADINA进行数值模拟,建立三维管土相互作用非线性有限元模型.在该模型的基础上,分析了断层错动量、管道埋深、管径、内压以及不同管材对管道受力与变形的影响.研究结果表明:断层错动下,钢质管道最大受力与变形位置位于断层两侧,管道所受最大拉压应变相近;管道应...     

格拉管道一次地震断裂分析及防范措施

因为地震，格拉管道昆仑山口泵站上行8km处，由于套管内主管道垂直穿越青藏公路段正好位于地震纵波使土壤发生压缩变形出现的断裂带上而被拉断。管道断裂的原因主要是地震波从震源传播到地表土壤，引起地面变形而呈较宽突起压缩断裂带，而当压缩波的传播方向与管道轴向一致时，管道产生大的应力和应变，当应力和应变超过管道母材的断裂极限时而被拉断。     

基于应变的塌陷区X70钢输气管道悬空失效分析

将埋地管道的悬空段简化为大挠度梁,考虑管梁的几何非线性,悬空段外土壤的纵向抗力非线性以及管道的内压和温差作用,并基于悬空段内外输气管道内力和变形的连续性条件,求解了悬空段内任意位置处的X70钢输气管道应变值。引入基于应变的管道设计准则,对某塌陷区悬空输气管道进行了失效分析。结果表明:输气管道拉应变最大值出现在管道穿越采空区的中央部位,并且向两侧逐渐减小。当悬空段长度小于等于40 m时,X70钢输气管道最大拉应变小于容许应变;当悬空段长度为50 m时,壁厚为17.5 mm、14.6 mm的输气管道最大拉应变超过容许应变,输气管道失效。     

定标点失效对中心线坐标及应变数据的影响分析

为了研究定标点失效对管道中心线坐标及应变数据的影响，文中以管道环焊缝作为特征点对比2次中心线检测的环焊缝球面距离和管道应变数据，研究定标点失效情况下数据偏差情况。结果表明：对于1 km/点设置定标点时，环焊缝位置的偏差能保持在2 m范围内，对于1～2个定标点失效时环焊缝偏差会扩大到5 m,对于连续5点定标点失效时，环焊缝位置的偏差会超过14 m,该坐标数据已失效；对于极限情况连续5个定标点失效的情况下，通过环焊缝仍然可以将2次检测应变数据进行对齐，且检测数据能够良好复核，对于连续5个定标点失效情况下应变数据仍准确有效。     

含球型凹坑缺陷燃气管道弯管极限载荷的研究

凹坑是埋地管道中常见的体积型缺陷,是一种破坏性较大的局部缺陷,而弯管是埋地管道中的重要管件。应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对含球型凹坑缺陷的燃气管道弯管在内压载荷作用下进行有限元分析,分析中考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,根据腐蚀区的载荷-应变图,对模型的塑性极限压力进行了预测,并得出了缺陷尺寸对塑性极限载荷的影响及变化规律,得到了一些对含缺陷弯管的安全评定有参考价值的结论。     

铝合金电力管道爆破试验研究

运用试验结合数值模拟的方法研究了铝合金管道的极限承载能力。对铝合金电力管道进行爆破试验,采用动态应变分析系统对电力管道在打压过程中的应变进行监测。在考虑材料非线性和几何大变形的前提下,利用有限元技术中的Newton-Raphson法和Arc-length法对爆破压力进行预测。对试验和模拟结果对比表明,Newton-Raphson法和Arc-length法都可以预测铝合金管道的爆破压力,所得爆破压力与实际爆破压力误差为9%,与Faupel公式误差(12.3%)相比,有限元方法预测结果更接近实际。     

含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法研究的现状与发展

含缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法较多,主要有极限载荷控制的塑性失效准则、断裂力学J积分的评定方法、英国R6双判据准则评定方法、美国ASME规范评定方法、参数不确定性缺陷的安全评定方法等.文章对这些方法加以简要的概括和评述,并分析了有些方法之间的区别与联系,同时指出工程化、可靠性和智能化是当前含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法的发展趋向.     

Estimating gravity model parameters: A simplified approach based on the odds ratio

Two computationally simple methods for calibrating the gravity model are presented in this paper. The use of each is demonstrated on several origin-destination trip tables, and the results compared with those obtained from the UTP system gravity model calibration procedure. Our methods, based on the odds ratio, perform at least as well as that of UTP system by several standard criteria.     

How the cap limit for food-crop-based biofuels may affect France’s stakeholders by 2030? A range-based multi-actor multi-criteria analysis

From 2012 to 2016, the long-term signal in the biofuel market changed almost once per year, leading to a drastic decrease in investments and contributing to multiple production unit closures in France and around Europe. The European Commission proposed a new renewable energy directive that includes a 3.8% cap limit on the contribution of food-crop biofuels by 2030. Given the role of biofuels in green growth, the bioeconomy, and renewable energy incorporation targets, how will this measure affect the stakeholders by 2030? Will it lead to, contribute to, or hamper their sustainability criteria? This paper aims to contribute to this debate by studying the case of France. To this end, our methodology—the range-based multi-actor multi-criteria analysis—aims to (1) explicitly consider the stakeholder groups and their sustainability criteria; (2) evaluate and compare how the cap limit will affect these sustainability criteria whether or not advanced biofuels are deployed by 2030; (3) capture the uncertainty of the context evolution and biofuel capacity to fulfil the stakeholders’ sustainability criteria by means of a Monte Carlo. The results suggest that the cap limit is a double-edged sword for the stakeholders and their sustainability criteria. Shifting towards advanced biofuels while limiting the food-crop biofuels is the better alternative for most of the stakeholders. Nevertheless, given biofuel policy instability and the lost confidence of investors, such a shift may not occur by 2030. In such a case, this paper demonstrates that the cap limit may highly and negatively affect the stakeholders and their sustainability targets, whereas fostering French food-crop biofuel production at its full capacity level constitutes a better alternative. As no alternative is suited to all actors simultaneously, this paper also studies the strengths and weaknesses of these alternatives from each stakeholder groups’ perspective.     

西部地区公路速度限制标准与控制技术研究

《西部地区公路速度限制标准与速度控制技术研究》项目通过对大量调查资料的统计分析,确定了公路限速设置标准及方法体系,提出了适用于我国西部地区不同技术等级公路的速度控制技术的设置条件及方法,形成了我国公路速度限制与控制技术指南。本篇阐述了该项目的主要研究成果,指出了项目的创新点,并对项目的应用及推广情况进行了介绍,为我国相关公路管理部门设置限速标准及进行速度管理与控制提供科学依据。     

海底柔性管道技术研究

随着海洋油气勘探开发的发展,柔性管道得到越来越广泛的应用。文中介绍了柔性管道的分类及结构,重点描述了粘结和无粘结柔性管道,无粘结柔性管道是目前国外发展趋势和研究重点。阐述了柔性管道的技术优势以及适用范围,同时介绍了柔性管道的发展状况、设计准则以及国外的主要制造厂商。国内柔性管道技术与世界先进水平之间还存在较大的差距,采用无粘结技术以及适用超深水环境将是国内未来深水海底柔性管道技术发展的方向。     

On Stability Analysis and Classification of Surrounding Rocks in Rock Tunnels北大核心CSCD

After 1975, the appearance of finite element numerical limit method and the application and development of computer technology have brought the elastic-plastic analytical calculation of engineering materials into a new era of numerical limit calculation. The new methods, namely, strength reduction method and load increment method, as well as the recently proposed ultimate strain method, are adopted in the rock tunnels studied in this paper. To solve the uncertainty of mechanical parameters of surrounding rock in rock tunnels and provide more scientific and reasonable mechanical parameters of surrounding rock, the surrounding rock classification must be made combining theory, investigation and experience. Taking the surrounding rock classification in rail transit tunnels as an example, the improvement of the classification level includes improving the strength index, mainly adopting the quantitative classification method, reasonably determining the basic index BQ value of rock mass quality, increasing the number of surrounding rock classifications, formulating the surrounding rock classification tables for the running tunnel and the station tunnel, and achieving the coordination and unification of qualitative and quantitative classification methods. Finally, the quantitative indexes of surrounding rock self-stability are determined, and the more scientific and reasonable physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks are put forward through back calculation. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Incorporating socio-political criteria into the maintenance prioritization of Chilean urban pavement networks

Managing urban pavement networks presents additional challenges when compared to the management of interurban pavements. In particular, the prioritization of maintenance activities – which is critical when resources are limited – requires special considerations. Within these considerations, there are socio-political criteria that are not formally considered in current UPMS (Urban Pavement Management Systems). In practice, decision makers consider these socio-political factors but without a formal procedure and proper information, leading to decisions based on subjective information, which lack traceability and reliability.The objective of this study is the identification and formal definition – including the quantification method – of socio-political criteria relevant for the sustainable management of urban pavement networks. The research method included the application of interviews and a survey of experts and practitioners in various agencies involved in the pavement maintenance decision-making process in Chile. As a result of the study, five primary socio-political criteria were identified: neighbors’ perception, proximity to critical infrastructure, benefited population, presence of alternative routes, and strategic selection based on public policy. These criteria were formalized – including how they should be quantified – through an expert panel. A regression analysis applied to various scenarios considered in the survey resulted in the quantification of the relative importance of the formalized socio-political factors to be considered in the decision process, complementing technical and economic criteria. Future research will explore the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to quantify the recommended socio-political factors and implement them in an UPMS.     

Using stop bar detector information to determine turning movement proportions in shared lanes

Turning vehicle volumes at signalized intersections are critical inputs for various transportation studies such as level of service, signal timing, and traffic safety analysis. There are various types of detectors installed at signalized intersections for control and operation. These detectors have the potential of producing volume estimates. However, it is quite a challenge to use such detectors for conducting turning movement counts in shared lanes. The purpose of this paper was to provide three methods to estimate turning movement proportions in shared lanes. These methods are characterized as flow characteristics (FC), volume and queue (VQ) length, and network equilibrium (NE). FC and VQ methods are based on the geometry of an intersection and behavior of drivers. The NE method does not depend on these factors and is purely based on detector counts from the study intersection and the downstream intersection. These methods were tested using regression and genetic programming (GP). It was found that the hourly average error ranged between 4 and 27% using linear regression and 1 to 15% using GP. A general conclusion was that the proposed methods have the potential of being applied to locations where appropriate detectors are installed for obtaining the required data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层间接触状态对长寿命沥青路面结构的影响分析

长寿命沥青路面层间接触状态对路面的使用性能有直接影响。文章针对典型长寿命沥青路面结构,采用BISAR 3.0多层弹性体系计算程序,系统分析了层间接触状态对长寿命沥青路面表面弯沉、沥青层底拉应变、路基顶压应变以及面层最大剪应力的影响。分析结果表明：层间接触状态的变化对长寿命路面沥青层底的拉应变和路基顶面压应变的影响最大,对路表弯沉的影响也较为明显;相对而言,对面层最大剪应力影响不明显。     

带体积型缺陷压力管道极限载荷的有限元分析

管道在使用过程中会出现各种缺陷,主要以腐蚀造成的体积型缺陷为主。采用有限元弹塑性分析方法,基于Von—Mise屈服准则,对含体积型缺陷的压力管道进行非线性分析,研究腐蚀缺陷的长度、宽度和深度对压力管道极限载荷的影响。与含腐蚀缺陷管道的水压试验结果及ASME B31G计算的结果进行对比,证明有限元方法在分析腐蚀缺陷管道的可行性。