基于有限元方法的张力腿式平台结构强度分析

为校核某张力腿(TLP)式钻井平台结构强度、保障其安全性，采用SESAM软件的GeniE模块建立张力腿平台的有限元模型，并对平台在千年一遇和一年一遇2种典型环境载荷下下浮体与立柱连接处、立柱与甲板连接处、立柱与筋腱连接处这3处高应力区域进行应力分析，最后结合API规范对平台关键节点的屈服强度和屈曲强度进行校核。研究结果表明：目标平台的结构强度满足规范要求。     

腐蚀损伤下复杂构型平台刚性连接器极限强度的时变可靠性分析

为研究腐蚀损伤对于平台连接面极限强度的影响，评估复杂构型平台模块连接面的安全性，该文针对某复杂构型平台刚性连接器的连接面，参考螺栓群受力分析方法，提出了腐蚀损伤下平台连接面弯曲、扭转极限强度的计算方法 ；统计了该平台的腐蚀参数，利用Rosenblueth法计算了连接面极限强度的概率特性，建立计及腐蚀作用的平台连接面极限强度随机时变模型；统计了平台连接面所受的静水与波浪载荷及其概率特性；基于随机过程理论，进行了腐蚀损伤下刚性连接器的时变可靠性计算分析。     

大型半潜式钻井平台安全关键技术研究

BINGO—9000型平台是目前世界上最先进的第五代半潜式钻井平台，能在深海(工作水深3000m)，恶劣气候海况(零下20℃、风速41m／s、浪高32m)下开采石油。以BINGO—9000型平台为例，介绍了平台结构和压载状态实时监测系统设计的关键技术问题，以及基于疲劳寿命分析的结构设计思想。展开了该平台波浪载荷的分析计算，在此基础上对主体结构进行了三维有限元强度分析。对平台特殊结构如K型管节点及支撑结构和立柱结构进行了强度分析和疲劳寿命分析。还研究了平台吃水数据采集、压载状态监测等技术。通过以上关键技术的研究，平台结构设计更趋安全可靠合理，既具有必需的强度储备，又可减轻结构重量。     

在役固定平台的结构评估

定期对在役固定平台进行状态评估，对于平台的安全运行至关重要。描述了对在役平台进行状态评定的基本步骤以及须要考虑的环境条件，并从结构评估的角度，重点阐述了平台结构模拟的一般要求及细节考虑，对平台的静力、地震响应、疲劳以及基础强度的评价等，给出了分析评价的基本考虑和要求。     

半潜式平台极限强度可靠性研究

极限强度是半潜式平台海洋环境适应能力的显示指标,由于承载能力和环境载荷具有明显的随机性,应基于极限强度并采用可靠性方法评价平台结构安全性.文中首先阐述了解析方法和简化方法的基本步骤和关键问题,并对某目标平台总纵极限强度进行了比较研究,然后基于三维势流理论和Morison方程对生存工况下的目标平台垂向波浪弯矩进行了预报,最后基于极限强度建立了半潜式平台可靠性计算模型,并对目标平台结构可靠性和目标可靠度进行了分析.研究结果表明,简化方法和解析方法可用于半潜式平台极限强度计算,半潜式平台中垂状态结构安全性值得关注,可靠性分析结果可用于指导半潜式平台结构设计.     

风电安装平台海工吊与绕桩吊组合方式研究

为提高自升式风电平台的吊重能力，提出了一种海工吊主吊+绕桩吊辅吊的吊机组合方式。首先，基于莫里森方程和确定的规则波分析方法，计算结构的风、浪、流载荷，并将获得的环境载荷施加在平台结构模型上；然后，利用有限元软件进行结构强度分析，获得桩腿的支反力及结构的应力计算结果；最后，在2台吊机同时作业组合工况下，环境载荷的方向与主吊机方向一致时，对其进行强度分析。结果表明：操作工况下，桩腿的最小预压载、单腿支持能力及平台的桩腿整体能力满足要求；正常作业工况下，平台的设计满足中国船级社(CCS)要求；平台的结构强度满足要求。     

老龄自升式平台极限承载能力分析

对某自升式钻井平台在完好状态和受损状态下的极限承载能力作了研究.通过逐级增加载荷的方法,对平台结构进行非线性分析,具体依据基础约束模型、载荷类型、载荷作用力方向,得到36种计算工况,分别进行完好平台和老龄平台的极限承载分析.根据结构极限状态判定准则分析得出平台的极限承载能力,计算平台的强度储备系数RSR,从而分析平台的强度储备.同时,研究分析了老龄平台在受损状态下对强度储备的影响,最后根据计算结果,对老龄平台的安全状况进行评估.     

CPOE-62自升式作业平台整船强度入级计算

按照CCS移动平台规范进行多个工况下的CPOE-62自升平台整船有限元强度屈服和屈曲计算。就风、浪、流环境载荷计算，桩腿与围阱区接触耦合的接触力传递模拟方法，平台整体侧向位移引起的二次力的P-△效应进行了讨论。建立了拖航工况下桩腿弯矩的计算简图，推导出桩腿弯矩计算公式后进行桩腿强度校核。     

深水半潜式钻井平台波浪载荷预报与结构强度评估

采用理论分析和模型试验相结合的方法,对一深水半潜式钻井平台进行了波浪载荷预报和结构强度评估,进而为平台结构设计提供了参考依据.同时,对半潜式平台波浪载荷预报和结构强度评估的分析方法和流程进行了归纳与总结.     

风电安装平台坐底冲刷结构强度分析评估

以“泓邦号”风机安装平台为例,对坐底式风机安装平台在坐底冲刷工况下的结构强度进行分析评估。利用FEMAP软件建立结构有限元模型,采用NX-Nastran求解器对平台的整体结构强度进行计算和评估。在此基础上,对平台在不同冲刷掏空条件下的结构强度计算结果进行对比,为同类型风电安装平台在坐底冲刷工况下的强度分析提供参考。     

基于Web技术的船用传感器监控系统研制

基于Web测控技术设计船用传感器监控系统,提出该监控系统的嵌入式体系结构。以嵌入式微控制器SST89E564为核心,构建在机舱局域网之上,由TLC2543、SST89E564片内定时计数单元分别实现模拟量、数字量的测量。该装置采用B／S架构,可为远程终端由IE浏览器直接调用,实时提供重要监测参数。     

Assessment of sea surface temperature observational networks in the Baltic Sea and North Sea

The satellite and in situ Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observational networks in the Baltic Sea and North Sea are evaluated based on the quality of the gridded SST products generated from the networks. A multi-indicator approach is applied in the assessment. It includes evaluation of data quality, effective data coverage, field reconstruction error and model nowcast error. The results show that the best available full-coverage SST product is generated by assimilating the SST observations to obtain a yearly mean model bias of 0.07 °C and RMSE of 0.64 °C. The effective data coverage rate is 31% by using AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data from NOAA (National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration) satellites 12, 14 and 16. The data redundancy increases rapidly with the number of infrared sensors. Using either NOAA satellite 12 or all 3 satellites makes a small difference with regard to derived effective coverage and the ocean model nowcast error. The influence of using the in situ SST observations in the SST field reconstruction is negligibly small. Instead, the major role of in situ SST observations is in calibrating the satellite observations. To study the relative importance of data quality and data coverage, an assessment is done for two satellite products: one product is based entirely on NOAA 12 data and has larger coverage but lower quality. The other product is a subset of the SAF products (derived from NOAA 14 and 16) and has lower coverage but higher quality. Based on current monitoring, modelling and assimilation technology, the results suggest that the data quality is an important factor in further improving the quality of the gridded SST products. Recommendations are made for possible further improvements of the existing SST observational networks.     

An algorithm for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll and SST satellite imagery

An algorithm is described for oceanic front detection in chlorophyll (Chl) and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery. The algorithm is based on a gradient approach: the main novelty is a shape-preserving, scale-sensitive, contextual median filter applied selectively and iteratively until convergence. This filter has been developed specifically for Chl since these fields have spatial patterns such as chlorophyll enhancement at thermohaline fronts and small- and meso-scale chlorophyll blooms that are not present in SST fields. Linear Chl enhancements and localized (point-wise) blooms are modeled as ridges and peaks respectively, whereas conventional fronts in Chl and SST fields are modeled as steps or ramps. Examples are presented of the algorithm performance using modeled (synthetic) images as well as synoptic Chl and SST imagery. After testing, the algorithm was used on > 6000 synoptic images, 1999–2007, to produce climatologies of Chl and SST fronts off the U.S. Northeast.     

Forecasting front displacements with a satellite based ocean forecasting (SOFT) system

Relatively long term time series of satellite data are nowadays available. These spatio–temporal time series of satellite observations can be employed to build empirical models, called satellite based ocean forecasting (SOFT) systems, to forecast certain aspects of future ocean states. The forecast skill of SOFT systems predicting the sea surface temperature (SST) at sub-basin spatial scale (from hundreds to thousand kilometres), has been extensively explored in previous works. Thus, these works were mostly focussed on predicting large scale patterns spatially stationary. At spatial scales smaller than sub-basin (from tens to hundred kilometres), spatio–temporal variability is more complex and propagating structures are frequently present. In this case, traditional SOFT systems based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) decompositions could not be optimal prediction systems. Instead, SOFT systems based on Complex Empirical Orthogonal Functions (CEOFs) are, a priori, better candidates to resolve these cases.In this work we study and compare the performance of an EOF and CEOF based SOFT systems forecasting the SST at weekly time scales of a propagating mesoscale structure. The SOFT system was implemented in an area of the Northern Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean Sea) where a moving frontal structure is recurrently observed. Predictions from both SOFT systems are compared with observations and with the predictions obtained from persistence models. Results indicate that the implemented SOFT systems are superior in terms of predictability to persistence. No substantial differences have been found between the EOF and CEOF-SOFT systems.     

门禁控制器的设计与开发

阐述了基于WG26格式射频卡的、利用SST89E58单片机完成的两门门禁控制器的总体技术要求和技术解决途径，给出了门禁控制器设计的基本结构，对各个部分的设计和开发进行了阐述和分析。该控制器充分利用单片机的功能完成了门禁系统的各项功能，包括门的管理和卡的管理等工作。门禁控制器设计开发的完成，为门禁系统的设计和开发奠定了基础。     

Forecast verification of a 3D model of the Mediterranean Sea. The use of discrete wavelet transforms and EOFs in the skill assessment of spatial forecasts

The quality assessment of a nested model system of the Mediterranean Sea is realised. The model has two zooms in the Provençal Basin and in the Ligurian Sea, realised with a two-way nesting approach. The experiment lasts for nine weeks, and at each week sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level anomaly are assimilated. The quality assessment of the surface temperature is done in a spatio-temporal approach, to take into account the high complexity of the SST distribution. We focus on the multi-scale nature of oceanic processes using two powerful tools for spatio-temporal analysis, wavelets and Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). We apply two-dimensional wavelets to decompose the high-resolution model and observed SST into different spatial scales. The Ligurian Sea model results are compared to observations at each of those spatial scales, with special attention on how the assimilation affects the model behaviour. We also use EOFs to assess the similarities between the Mediterranean Sea model and the observed SST. The results show that the assimilation mainly affects the model large-scale features, whereas the small scales show little or no improvement and sometimes, even a decrease in their skill. The multiresolution analysis reveals the connection between large- and small-scale errors, and how the choice of the maximum correlation length of the assimilation scheme affects the distribution of the model error among the different spatial scales.     

Data assimilation into a Princeton Ocean Model of the Mediterranean Sea using advanced Kalman filters

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman filter (SEEK) and its variants (SEIK and SFEK filters) for data assimilation into a Princeton Ocean Model (POM) of the Mediterranean Sea. The SEEK filters are sub-optimal Kalman filters based on the approximation of the filter's error covariance matrices by singular low-rank matrices, reducing in this way extensive computational burden. At the initialization, the filters error covariance matrix is parameterized by a set of multivariate empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) which describe the dominant modes of the system's variability. The Mediterranean model is implemented on a 1/4° × 1/4° horizontal grid with 25 sigma levels and is forced with 6-hour ECMWF re-analysis atmospheric data. Several twin experiments, in which pseudo-observations of altimetric data and/or data profiles were assimilated, were first performed to evaluate the filters performances and to study their sensitivities to different parameters and setups. The results of these experiments were very encouraging and helped in setting up an effective configuration for the assimilation of real data in near-real time situation. In the hindcast experiments, Topex/Poseidon and ERS weekly sea level anomaly data were first assimilated during 1993 and the filters solution was evaluated against independent Reynolds sea surface temperature (SST) analysis. The assimilation system was able to significantly enhance the consistency between the model and the assimilated data, although the improvement with respect to independent SST data was significantly less pronounced. The model SST was only improved after including SST data in the assimilation system.     

转弯运动通气超空泡形态及流场结构数值研究

超空泡航行体机动过程中空泡形态的预测是目前该领域亟待研究的问题。文章在两流体多相流模型的框架内建立了用于求解通气超空泡流转弯机动的三维数值模型。通过求解RANS方程和SST(Shear Stress Transport)湍流方程,预测了圆盘空化器转弯机动条件下生成的通气空泡形态,并同Logvinovich独立膨胀原理的计算结果进行对比,验证了文中数值模型的有效性。在此基础上,分析了转弯半径对通气空泡的形态尺度的影响,对比研究了不同弗鲁德数条件下通气空泡的流场结构。     

渡船螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报

采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对某渡船螺旋桨的水动力性能进行数值预报.先用DTMB P5168桨验证数值模型和方法的准确性与可信性,数值计算其推力系数、力矩系数和敞水效率.整个计算域网格划分均采用全六面体形式,分别采用三种湍流模型进行计算.计算结果与实验的比较表明,SST模型和雷诺应力模型有近乎相同的计算精度,但SST模型的计算速度更快;推力系数误差最大5.8%,力矩系数误差最大为1.7%,敞水效率误差最大为4.3%.然后,将此方法运用到渡船螺旋桨,通过对渡船螺旋桨的网格灵敏度、尺度作用以及相关的流场分析,证明该方法能实现对螺旋桨敞水粘性流场的模拟,以及其敞水性能的预报.     

考古船阻力计算中湍流模型与格式研究

为了研究不同湍流模型在船舶水动力性能预报中的适用性,在求解RANS方程的数值计算方法过程中,通过采用S-A、k-Omega、SST、EASM、DES等湍流模型,对考古船的阻力进行了预报,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。由5种湍流模型的预报结果与试验值的对比得出：S-A、k-Omega模型对阻力性能的预报存在明显的缺陷;SST模型会有改进,计算误差能控制在工程应用的范围内,能够很好地应用于船模的阻力计算。