水面舰船迎浪航行时大幅运动预报的切片算法

将预报船舶运动和波浪载荷的切片理论加以扩展，应用于有限深水中船舶迎浪航行时大幅纵向运动和波浪载荷的时域求解。预报结果体现出考虑了湿表面及化后引起的船舶运动和受力的非线性性质。本计算方法简便、实用，适用于船舶纵向大幅运动预报。     

船舶波浪弯矩1周短期预报研究

当船舶在海上发生碰撞、搁浅、泄漏等事故后,需在1周之内进行救助,所以有必要研究船舶1周短期波浪弯矩的预报方法。本文介绍2种方法:一是利用WALCS软件,基于三维频域线性水动力理论,计算后得到16艘船舶(6艘散货船、10艘油船)的1周短期波浪弯矩,记为1周软件波浪弯矩预报值;二是根据极值I型理论,通过公式推导,利用已知3小时波浪弯矩有义值M S,计算后得到了16艘船舶的1周短期波浪弯矩,记为1周极值I型波浪弯矩预报值。经比较发现二者预报结果高度一致,认为采用极值I型理论进行船舶波浪弯矩1周短期预报准确可靠,且该方法耗时更短,简便易行,值得推广。     

江海直达散货船波浪载荷直接计算

采用SESAM软件系统,根据中国沿海波浪散布图,对江海直达散货船的波浪载荷进行短期预报和长期预报,对波浪诱导载荷响应及主要载荷参数的长期预报值进行分析,波浪载荷长期预报极值与海船规范计算值比较表明,规范计算公式无法对其波浪载荷作出合理评估,对于此类船型的波浪载荷应用直接计算法计算。     

横风横浪中破损船舶瘫船稳性倾覆概率研究

为了评估船首破损以后的倾覆概率,基于完整船舶瘫船稳性研究,尝试将破损船舶时域进水过程和倾覆概率计算结合。用Monte Carlo方法数值模拟某船破损以后的倾覆概率,采用四阶Runge-kutta方法求解横摇运动方程,研究不同载况下的倾覆概率和稳性高度变化。计算结果表明:相比完整船舶,破损船舶的短期和长期倾覆概率都增大;而在进水过程中,破损船舶的倾覆概率先减小后增大,到进水终了时刻达到最大。研究成果可望为破损船舶瘫船状态下的倾覆机理和波浪中破舱稳性衡准的制定提供技术支持。     

内河船舶波浪载荷研究

利用内河波浪散布图和修订波浪谱对内河系列船舶进行了波浪载荷的计算预报,首次分析了内河船舶波浪载荷的规律和特点,并与俄罗斯内河登记局(RRR)和法国-德国船级社(B-G)的内河规范载荷对应的等效模数要求进行了比较分析。结合实船测试结果表明：波浪载荷变化规律与国外同类规范一致,预报波浪载荷水平与测试结果及国外同类规范要求相当。内河船舶波浪载荷预报应考虑航速和水深的影响,载荷预报结果可以作为制定内河波浪载荷公式的基础。     

破损船舶的应急响应方法研究

船舶破损进水后的浮态与稳性发生变化,船舶在波浪中的运动响应及船体梁载荷也将随之改变,通过采取应急响应措施,可以有效改善其航行状况.以某一典型破损工况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态、稳性、运动响应及载荷,并与破损前进行了对比.结果显示:船舶破损后,横倾变大,横摇运动明显增加,扭矩与水平剪力增幅较大,水平弯矩与垂向剪力也有所增加.针对船舶的破损工况,提出了5种应急响应方案,对比这5种方案下的船舶状态,发现在左舷底边1号～5号压载舱各加入95％的压载水方案最优.     

水深对三体船运动和波浪载荷的影响

利用三维势流理论和简单格林函数计算了迎浪航行时不同航速和不同水深组合下的波浪运动响应和载荷传递函数,研究不同水深和航速组合对三体船的波浪运动响应和波浪载荷的影响,并对船舯垂向弯矩和舯后1/4船长处剪力进行了长期预报.将预报值与规范值进行比较,结果令人满意.计算结果表明三体船在不同水深下航行时,水深对其运动响应和波浪载荷都会产生显著影响.     

内河散货船总纵极限强度可靠性分析

针对影响内河散货船船舶结构安全的不确定因素,采用三维势流水动力程序进行波浪弯矩的长、短期预报,根据Turkstra准则选择外载荷极值组合形式,提出适用于内河散货船总纵极限强度可靠性分析方法,对某内河散货船的不同工况进行计算和分析,给出不同工况下失效概率的计算方法。     

浅水超大型FPSO波浪弯矩设计值与不同水深预报值的比较

针对水深对浅水超大型FPSO波浪诱导载荷的影响,在国际船级社协会(IACS)纵向强度标准的基础上,探讨了不同水深波浪诱导弯矩的长期预报值与波浪弯矩设计值的关系.开发了基于有限水深复合格林函数波浪诱导弯矩数值计算程序模块,对一艘300K DWT FPSO在不同水深海况下的波浪诱导载荷进行了长期预报.研究结果表明,水深对波浪弯矩设计值的影响很大.     

内河船舶波浪载荷计算预报及规律

利用内河波浪散布图和修订波浪谱对内河系列船舶进行波浪载荷计算预报,分析内河船舶波浪载荷的规律和特点,与俄罗斯内河登记局(RRR)和法国-德国船级社(B-G)有关内河规范载荷对应的等效模数要求进行比较,并结合实船测试结果进行分析。结果表明:波浪载荷变化规律与国外同类规范一致,预报波浪载荷水平与测试结果及国外同类规范要求相当;内河船舶波浪载荷预报应考虑航速和水深的影响,载荷预报结果可以作为制定内河波浪载荷公式的基础。     

Wave loads on ships sailing in restricted water depth

The effect of shallow water on the vertical wave-induced loads acting on the hull is studied by a modified linear frequency domain deep water strip theory. A more general form is applied for the diffraction force and the incident wave. The trends in motion and load responses with water depth are discussed for two particular ships.     

Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water

A computational method for improving hull form in shallow water with respect to wave resistance is presented. The method involves coupling ideas from two distinct research fields: numerical ship hydrodynamics and nonlinear programming techniques. The wave resistance is estimated by means of Morinos panel method, which is extended to free surface flow and considers the influence of finite depth on the wave resistance of ships. This is linked to the optimization procedure of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique, and an optimum hull form can be obtained through a series of iterations giving some design constraints. Sinkage is an important factor in shallow water, and this method considers sinkage as a hydrodynamic design constraint. The optimization procedure developed is demonstrated by selecting a Wigley (C _B = 0.444) hull and the Series 60 (C _B = 0.60) hull, and new hull forms are obtained at Froude number 0.316. The Froude number specified corresponds to a lower than critical speed since most of the ships operating in shallow water move below their critical speed. The numerical results of the optimization procedure indicate that the optimized hull forms yields a reduction in wave resistance.     

孤立波作用于V形薄壁防波堤的绕射波浪力

在一定条件下浅水波可能以孤立波形态作用于离岸结构。基于波浪绕射理论,推导V形薄壁防波堤的一阶孤立波绕射理论解。通过对孤立波作用于防波堤的波浪力进行计算,研究孤立波对V形防波堤的作用规律。通过对180°张角的有限长薄壁V形堤足够长时的绕射波浪力计算,与无限长直立薄壁堤的孤立波反射波浪力进行有效的相似性比较。结果表明:孤立波的最大无量纲波浪力明显大于相同浅水条件下Airy微幅波理论的对应结果,由此反映浅水波的非线性效应;孤立波入射角、V形堤张角、防波堤臂长与水深比以及孤立波特征参数等因素的变化均将对波浪荷载产生一定的影响。     

万箱集装箱船典型货舱结构极限承载能力计算

随着世界货运量的需求增加,集装箱船的大型化发展从未停止。近十年内,有2艘大型集装箱船先后在海上遭到极端载荷而丧失结构承载能力以致发生灾难性毁坏,给航运界敲响了警钟。为了避免今后大型集装箱船再次遭遇上述严重事故,保证营运中使用的安全性和航行时结构的可靠性,国际船级社协会专门针对集装箱船的规范要求进行修改,提高了载荷设计值,并且要求评估典型货舱结构的极限承载能力。本文针对万箱集装箱船典型货舱结构,基于逐步破坏法和有限元法,计算了垂向和水平方向的极限弯矩。结果表明,在初步设计阶段逐步破坏法有着快速高效的优势,但是考虑到载荷变化的多样性和船体结构的复杂性,还是需要应用非线性有限元法进行建模计算,给出最终评估结果。     

深水钻井船波浪载荷预报

以两艘钻井船为例,分别计算其波浪载荷传递函数和波浪载荷长期预报值,将计算结果与规范计算值比较,且对其中一艘钻井船计算其不考虑月池开孔时的波浪载荷预报,试图找出钻井船与常规船型的差异,为结构设计人员在钻井船设计方面提供一定的借鉴。     

On the time for the abandonment of flooded passenger ships due to collision damages

The time dependency of the survivability of passenger ships in flooding accidents leading to ship’s loss is shown to be confined within short times after the flooding initiation. RoRo ferry and cruise type ships demonstrate similar behaviour, though vessel types differ with respect to the subdivision and the flooding process. The presented research is based on numerical simulations of the flooding of two sample passenger ships in collision damages and the estimation of the probability to capsize. The systematic fast character of capsize events is shown to be primarily a consequence of the extent of hull breaches. The IMO regulatory concept for orderly abandonment of damaged passenger ships, in addition to the safe return to port regulatory provisions, are discussed in view of the present results. The timely onboard damage identification by ship’s master and the enhancement of the SOLAS survivability requirements for passenger ships appear to be the most effective operational and design measures leading to improved survivability of the ship and to enhanced safety of people onboard.     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.     

水下波能装置的波致弹性变形研究（英文）

Structural integrity has remained a challenge for design and analysis of wave energy devices. A difficulty in assessment of the structural integrity is often laid in the accurate determination of the wave-induced loads on the wave energy devices and the repones of the structure. Decoupled hydroelastic response of a submerged, oscillating wave energy device to extreme nonlinear wave loads is studied here. The submerged wave energy device consists of an oscillating horizontal disc attached to a direct-drive power take-off system. The structural frame of the wave energy device is fixed on the seafloor in shallow water. Several extreme wave conditions are considered in this study. The nonlinear wave loads on members of the submerged structure are obtained by use of the level I Green-Naghdi equations and Morison's equation for cylindrical members.Distribution of Von Mises stresses and the elastic response of the structure to the extreme wave loads are determined by use of a finite element method. The decoupled hydroelastic analysis of the structure is carried out for devices built by four different materials, namely stainless steel, concrete, aluminium alloy, and titanium alloy. The elastic response of these devices is studied and results are compared with each other. Points of maximum stress and deformations are determined and the structural integrity under the extreme conditions is assessed. It is shown that the proposed approaches provide invaluable information about the structural integrity of wave energy devices.