内压下矩形耐压舱内部结构优化设计

[目的]为有效降低内压下矩形耐压舱板架弯曲应力,[方法]分别提出内压下矩形耐压舱内部平台位置和支柱布局以及尺寸优化设计数学模型。以内部平台垂向位置作为设计变量,极小化横纵舱壁结构的最大弯曲应力,采用遗传算法求解,得到最优的内部平台布置位置,其优化结果接近垂向均布。支柱设计采用分级优化设计方法,先以等刚度支柱位置作为设计变量,极小化顶甲板结构的最大弯曲应力,分别得到不同支柱数量下的最优布局方案;然后依据应力约束条件选取支柱数量及布局,在此基础上进一步以支柱截面尺寸作为设计变量,以基础优化方案的重量作为约束,极小化顶甲板结构的最大弯曲应力,得到不等刚度支柱最优截面尺寸。[结果]其优化结果显示偏中心区域支柱截面积更大。最终优化设计方案较初始方案,横舱壁、纵舱壁和顶甲板弯曲应力分别降低了28.3%,25.7%和13.9%。[结论]本优化设计方法可为类似结构设计提供方法参考和设计借鉴。     

V型无压载水油船货舱中横剖面拓扑优化

为了优化V型无压载水油船的中横剖面结构，得到更加合理的结构型式，利用变密度法对其进行拓扑优化。选择合适的优化设计区域，以分段重量为约束条件，同时考虑实际生产建造工艺特点，以柔度值最小（即刚度最大化）作为目标函数建立拓扑优化数学模型。同时分析确定优化设计区域初始厚度不同对优化设计的影响，得到载荷的最佳传递路径。最后参考拓扑优化的结果得出新的强框架型式。结果表明，优化后的刚度较之前提高了6.8%，是更加合理的结构型式。对V型船中横剖面进行拓扑优化可在质量不增加的前提下提高其结构性能。     

基于BLS吊装软件的船体结构吊装方案优化设计

为避免船体结构在吊装过程中出现结构失稳、局部变形及屈由破坏等危险状况,提出了基于BLS(BIock Lifting System)吊装软件的船体结构吊装工艺优化设计方案。应用BLS软件对某型散货船艉部分段的吊装过程进行了模拟仿真,校核了多种吊装工况下船体结构的强度、刚度及稳定性。根据校核结果对该艉部分段的吊装方案进行了优化,提出了合理的结构加强措施和吊装改进方案。通过对改进方案重新进行安全性评估得到最优吊装方案,保证了该艉部分段吊装的顺利完成。     

悬臂拓扑优化结构强度刚度特性试验研究

本文以舰船舵叶内部钢质骨架结构优化设计为背景,以弯扭复杂载荷作用下悬臂含筋结构响应特性分析为对象,基于渐进结构拓扑优化方法进行计算分析,得到不同载荷作用下拓扑优化后的结构方案。然后采用FDM技术,分别制备了典型悬臂含筋结构及优化方案试验模型,并对不同方案模型强度及刚度特性试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明:拓扑优化方案较典型结构方案质量减轻12.84%,且应力分布更均匀,位移变换更平缓,有效的提高了材料利用率。     

基于参数化有限元的深潜器主框架优化设计

深潜器主框架是一个大型空间刚架结构,如何对这类复杂的工程结构进行优化,使其既满足自身的强度和刚度要求,同时又满足总体设计对主框架重量和布置的要求,这些仅仅根据经验是不够的,如何充分利用现有的大型通用有限元软件的优化设计功能显得尤为重要.本文利用现有通用大型有限元软件MSC Patran/Nastran,基于参数化设计的思想,对深潜器主框架进行了两个方面的优化设计:首先在初步设计方案的基础上,应用有限元静力分析功能,对方案进行渐进结构拓扑优化;其次,对选定的方案,分别采用可行方向法、序列线性规划法和序列二次规划法这3种优化算法对主框架进行优化,并比较各优化方法的适用性,说明了对于复杂结构存在的目标函数多峰值现象.结果表明,通过参数驱动有限元优化能够显著减轻主框架的整体重量,使材料达到最大的利用效率,具有实用意义.     

克令吊基座的局部加强结构优化设计研究

采用结构有限元方法对某型克令吊底部加强结构的结构强度进行了不同方案的优化分析及计算,依据其结构特点,分八种不同的工况和8种不同的设计优化方案对结构强度进行了具体的分析和比较,为以后克令吊底部加强结构的优化设计分析工作提供了一定的参考。     

基于响应面法的SPS舱口盖结构多目标优化

本文以轻量化为前提,设计传统钢制板架舱口盖的钢聚氨酯夹层板(Steel-Polyurethane Sandwich plate,SPS)替代方案.对不符合结构刚度、强度要求的初步方案,采用基于BBD(Box-Behnken Design)设计的响应面法进行结构多目标优化设计,以结构变形和等效应力作为优化目标,结构尺寸及质量为约束条件,建立响应面模型,得到优化后的SPS舱口盖设计方案;并采用有限元仿真方法,对优化前后的方案进行了仿真计算,对优化目标进行了详细对比,验证了优化的有效性和必要性.对比结果表明:优化后的SPS舱口盖结构,在减重9.28％的情况下,变形减少了36.7％,应力降低了30.5％;说明采用响应面法对SPS舱口盖实现多目标优化可行,且优化效果明显.     

静水压力下纤维缠绕复合材料壳体耐压因子的优化设计

基于遗传算法和数值分析一体式优化平台,以设计压力因子为目标函数,结构失稳和材料静强度破坏为约束条件,纤维缠绕策略和铺层方式为变量,对静水压力作用下碳/环氧、硼/环氧和玻璃/环氧等三种复合材料壳体的耐压因子进行优化设计.结果表明,复合材料耐压壳体在深海环境下能够提供充足的正浮力;对于不同的复合材料,最大设计压力受限的因素有所不同,主要受限于结构失稳或材料强度破坏;纤维缠绕策略和铺层方式对设计压力因子具有显著影响.文中最后提出变厚度设计、复合材料肋骨等增强方式,旨在解决结构失稳或材料强度破坏对最大设计压力的限制,研究成果可为复合材料耐压壳体结构设计提供参考.     

潜艇圆筒形耐压壳体结构的分析与优化

本文讨论了潜艇圆筒形耐压壳体结构的分析与优化。强度分析采用迁移矩阵法,稳定性分析采用样条能量法。在此基础上,以壳体重量为目标函数对结构进行了优化设计。另外,还以潜艇典型耐压舱段为例讨论了变刚度肋骨对减轻重量的影响。为了方便初步设计,还给出了一些典型变刚度加肋圆柱壳的强度和稳定性近似分析公式。     

克令吊基座的局部加强结构优化设计研究（续）

采用结构有限元方法，对某型克令吊底部加强结构的小肘板结构进行了不同方案的优化分析及计算，依据其结构特点，在前期工作的基础上，对小肘板的软硬度设计优化方案进行了具体的结构强度分析和比较，为以后克令吊底部加强结构的优化设计分析工作提供进一步的参考。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

33rd International Conference on Ocean,Offshore and Arctic Engineering （OMAE2014）

正San Francisco,California,June 8-13,2014.OMAE 2014 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to:·meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;·to exchange ideas and experiences whilst promoting technological progress and its application in industry·to promote international cooperation in ocean,offshore and arctic engineering.In line with the tradition of excellence of previous OMAE conferences,more than 900 technical papers are planned for presentation.Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum This Specialty Forum is designed for students and professionals who may not be familiar with the Ocean and Offshore industry,as well as those who have just recently specialized in this field.     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

The 11th International Conference on Hydrodynamics (ICHD 2014)

正19–24 October 2014 SingaporeCONFERENCE THEMES The overall aim of the ICHD Conference is to provide a forum for participants from around the world to review,discuss and present the latest developments in the broad discipline of hydrodynamics and fluid mechanics.The first International Conference on Hydrodynamics(ICHD)was initiated in 1994 in Wuxi,China.Since then,9 more ICHD conferences were held subsequently in Hong Kong,Seoul,Yokohama,Tainan,Perth,Ischia,Nantes,Shanghai and St Petersburg.Evidently the ICHD conference has become an important event among academics,researchers,engineers and operators,working in the fields closely related to the science and technology of hydrodynamics.The 11th ICHD will be held in Singapore in 2014.     

第十二届深水操作会议和展览会(英文)

正November 4-6,2014Moody Gardens HotelConvention Center/Galveston,TX The Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year.This growing event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved in developing deepwater resources.We will return to the Moody Gardens Hotel and Convention Center on November 5-7,2014 in Galveston,Texas.     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.