用于极地海域运输系统的基于模拟的概率设计方法（英文）

When designing an arctic cargo ship, it is necessary to consider multiple stochastic factors. This paper evaluates the merits of a simulation-based probabilistic design method specifically developed to deal with this challenge. The outcome of the paper indicates that the incorporation of simulations and probabilistic design parameters into the design process enables more informed design decisions. For instance, it enables the assessment of the stochastic transport capacity of an arctic ship, as well as of its long-term ice exposure that can be used to determine an appropriate level of ice-strengthening. The outcome of the paper also indicates that significant gains in transport system cost-efficiency can be obtained by extending the boundaries of the design task beyond the individual vessel. In the case of industrial shipping, this allows for instance the consideration of port-based cargo storage facilities allowing for temporary shortages in transport capacity and thus a reduction in the required fleet size/ship capacity.     

船载固体散货流态化数值分析

散货船装载的镍矿、铁矿在运输过程中会发生流态化,流态化导致货物流动性增强,从而降低船舶稳性。当船舶在波浪中航行时,货物的移动会产生一个额外的力矩,该力矩有可能导致船舶倾覆。基于离散元方法,对不同含水率的货物进行了静倾斜、休止角的数值模拟,在全尺度计算中给定了颗粒尺寸和时间步长的选取标准,并采用全尺度货舱模型分析了影响货物稳定性的关键参数。该数值分析方法可为固体散货海上运输过程中船舶稳性预测和安全隐患评估提供参考。     

大型集装箱船能效营运指数仿真研究

为应对IMO提出的日益严格的排放法规,降低船舶EEOI值,本文分析了EEOI的数学计算公式以及简化公式,并以某8063TEU大型集装箱船为目标船,基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了船舶能效系统的仿真模型.通过仿真研究,分析了船舶航速、航期、载货量、航程对船舶EEOI的影响,同时研究分析了EEOI对航速、载货量、航程变化的敏感性.结果表明随着航期的增加船舶EEOI逐渐减小;EEOI对航速的敏感性最高,对载货量的敏感性其次,而对航程的敏感性较低;降低主机工作负荷从而降低航速,以及提高船舶载货量都能有效降低船舶EEOI值,而增加航程则对降低EEOI值效果不明显.     

液货船惰气电控系统的综合设计

结合某液货船的惰气发生系统,本文介绍了液货船惰气电控系统的设计原则,惰气发生系统的工艺流程及其功能设计,讲述了一套完整的船舶惰气自动控制方案.     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

极地冰区船舶发展分析

分析了极地冰区船舶发展的背景,对极地航道、资源开发等因素等进行论述,认为发展极地冰区船舶是未来船舶行业发展的重要方向。研究了与极地航行船舶相关的规范、规则的发展情况,认为规范和规则对极地冰区船舶的运行安全和减少排放等要求日趋严格,各船级社对极地船舶的设计要求和验证方法逐渐统一。介绍了当今世界主要的破冰船船型及动力系统,并对极地冰区船舶的发展特点进行分析。     

全压式LPG船液货罐安装技术研究

以航通公司建造的一艘3700立方全压式LPG远洋运输船液货罐安装技术为例,分析和介绍了全压式LPG船液货罐安装的特点和需要解决的问题,在实船安装中采取环氧胶泥和层压木组合安装技术,文章介绍有关安装技术关键,并结合有关规范要求进行分析计算研究,提出合理模型。实践证明,该施工技术对类似船舶液货罐的安装具有参考价值。     

30000 DWT载货教学实习船破舱稳性研究

30000 DWT载货教学实习船是上海船舶研究设计院为大连海事大学专门开发设计的无限航区多用途船兼教学实习船。作为教学实习船,保障实习生、教师和船员的生命安全至关重要,而破舱稳性是考核该船是否足够安全的重要性能指标。分析了2008年《特种用途船安全规则》及SOLAS 2014对特种用途船和普通干货船的概率破舱稳性计算要求的区别,通过采取设计U型压载水舱和特殊布置管系及阀等措施,最终得到了较小的破舱稳性GM限制,提高了货物装运能力。     

18万吨散货船船舶管系设计研究

以好望角型散货船为依托研究船舶管系的设计及计算,着重阐述货舱舱底水、压载、艏部污水及货舱进水等对船舶航行安全至关重要的四个系统,对系统组成、设备容量计算、设计要领及规范要求等进行研究,本着降低成本完善系统功能的原则完成设计,为今后类似船型的设计提供了参考依据。     

叠船运输方式下的半潜船耐波性分析

以叠船运输方式下的半潜船为研究对象,采用CATIA软件进行三维建模。基于AQWA软件计算在规则波中不同浪向、不同航速和不同吃水下的响应幅值算子(Response Amplitude Operator, RAO),分析在不规则波中不同海况条件下货物绑扎设计关键点的加速度变化,发现浪向、航速和吃水等因素对RAO的影响规律。研究结果可为叠船运输方式下的半潜船安全运输提供运动预报,为货物绑扎设计提供依据。     

Performance characterisation for risk assessment of striking ship impacts based on struck ship damaged volume

Ship collision accidents are rare events but pose huge threat to human lives, assets, and the environment. Many researchers have sought for effective models that compute ship stochastic response during collisions by considering the variability of ship collision scenario parameters. However, the existing models were limited by the capability of the collision computational models and did not completely capture collision scenario, and material and geometric uncertainties. In this paper, a novel framework to performance characterisation of ships in collision involving a variety of striking ships is developed, by characterising the structural consequences with efficient response models. A double-hull oil carrier is chosen as the struck ship to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. Response surface techniques are employed to generate the most probable input design sets which are used to sample an automated finite element tool to compute the chosen structural consequences. The resulting predictor-response relationships are fitted with suitable surrogate models to probabilistically characterise the struck ship damage under collisions. As demonstrated in this paper, such models are extremely useful to reduce the computational complexity in obtaining probabilistic design measures for ship structures. The proposed probabilistic approach is also combined with available collision frequency models from literature to demonstrate the risk tolerance computations.     

基于舰船受损体积的舰船撞击风险评估的性能特征（英文）

Ship collision accidents are rare events but pose huge threat to human lives, assets, and the environment. Many researchers have sought for effective models that compute ship stochastic response during collisions by considering the variability of ship collision scenario parameters. However, the existing models were limited by the capability of the collision computational models and did not completely capture collision scenario, and material and geometric uncertainties. In this paper, a novel framework to performance characterisation of ships in collision involving a variety of striking ships is developed, by characterising the structural consequences with efficient response models. A double-hull oil carrier is chosen as the struck ship to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. Response surface techniques are employed to generate the most probable input design sets which are used to sample an automated finite element tool to compute the chosen structural consequences. The resulting predictor-response relationships are fitted with suitable surrogate models to probabilistically characterise the struck ship damage under collisions. As demonstrated in this paper, such models are extremely useful to reduce the computational complexity in obtaining probabilistic design measures for ship structures. The proposed probabilistic approach is also combined with available collision frequency models from literature to demonstrate the risk tolerance computations.     

中小型LNG运输船液货罐设计技术

随着LNG的广泛应用,为适应LNG的运输新需求,近年来提出一种新船型——中小型LNG运输船。他凭借着营运周期短、中转频繁、造价低廉等优势而备受关注,而设计此种船型与大型LNG船的区别主要在于对船体核心——液舱的设计。通过研究相似船型LPG船及乙烯船及其液货罐,阐述了中小型LNG运输船液舱的设计方法及关键技术,属对设计此种新船型的有益尝试。     

大型全回转起重船的调横倾系统设计

摘 要：作为大型全回转起重船,其回转起重作业时需要具备与起重能力相匹配的横向调载系统。全回转起重机所吊重物从船尾转向舷侧时,起重机和重物重心的变化导致其施加给船的力矩发生变化,从而使船产生横倾,如不采取相应措施,船会有发生倾覆的危险（反之亦然）。为平衡上述变化,需要快速向反方向调拨压载水,使船的横倾控制在安全范围之内。故对于该类船型而言,一套高效、快速、智能的调横倾系统至关重要。本文论述大型全回转起重船调横倾系统的常规设计方法,发现常规全回转起重船调横倾系统设计中存在的问题,并提出有效的解决途径。     

A simulation study on the design of flexible cargo holds in small-sized bulk ships

A simulation study on the design of flexible cargo holds in small-sized bulk ships is presented. The ships considered are equipped with moveable bulkheads which can be placed in a given number of positions in the cargo hold. In this way the ships' cargo holds can be partitioned into several smaller holds with flexible sizes, and several cargoes can be lifted simultaneously by the same ship. The simulation study deals with designing an optimal cargo hold 'configuration' which gives the best flexibility when cargo quantities vary. The results show that there are significant potential savings by finding an optimal cargo hold configuration.     

内河主要货运船舶综合评价指标探讨

本文对内河货船、油船、集装箱船等主要运输船舶，从技术、经济、安全、环保及标准船型应用等诸多方面，将其衡量指标分别进行了定性或定量分析，并以此为基础，对综合评价指标进行了探讨。     

考虑实时浮态调整的散货船分舱优化

以某散货船为例,在船舶主尺度、船型参数和货舱总长度不变的情况下,将货舱间横舱壁的偏移距离作为优化参数,以船舶静水弯矩和静水剪力为目标函数进行优化,寻求使船舶静水载荷达到最小的横舱壁组合,并针对货物随着舱壁位置不同而引起的浮态变化,编写实时调整压载水的程序。该程序可应用在散货船的初步设计中,对船舶分舱设计和配载布置都具有指导性的意义。     

32000DWT散货船货舱段结构强度分析

利用MSC／Patran、MSC／Nastran软件分析了32000DWT散货船货舱段强度。给出了外载荷的计算方法和边界条件的施加方法,计算了典型的3种工况下32000DWT散货船的强度。通过有限元强度分析得到的结论可用于散货船的结构设计和优化。计算结果表明,本船的结构强度满足规范要求。     

The relationship between design and economic performance of ships

Success in the shipping industry depends to large extent on the quality of the main asset: the ship. The owner or operator will ask herself: do I have the right ship for a certain job, and what performance can I achieve with a given ship. The relationship between the specifications of the ship, which are fixed in the design stage, and the economic performance of the ship has received some attention, but most of the previous work lacks in the extent to which economic performance is measured or expressed.

This paper describes an attempt to operationalize the concept of design for service in the maritime industry. The paper presents a lengthy review of previous work, which shows that some attention was devoted in the past to the relationship between economic and technical aspects of shipping. However, the 'economics' usually turned out to be simple cost calculations, instead of clear insight in costs and benefits of certain design decisions. The main variable for the shipowner to buy a ship, or to operate a ship on a certain route is earnings potential. The relation between technical specifications and earnings potential is fairly direct: desired earnings potential influences the design specifications, and the specification of the finished ship determine the earnings potential. The analysis in this paper shows that shipowners also consider cargo carrying capacity, speed and versatility, but no other, more detailed, design factors.

Subsequently, we present the design for service framework for the shipping industry. This framework points the attention to a thorough service requirements analysis that drives the design stage. Finally, some preliminary work is presented on empirical studies that are currently developed in the Netherlands.     

货船IC法防火绝缘设计探讨

在总结所设计货船的防火绝缘经验的基础上,介绍了规范要求的各级别防火分隔种类;指出了采用IC法对货船进行防火绝缘设计时需满足的规范要求;讨论了耐火分隔舱壁或甲板上有贯穿件及开口时,为保持耐火完整性而必须采取的保护方法;以及在防火绝缘设计过程中降低成本、优化设计的方法对船舶总体及内装设计人员有较高的参考价值。