Nonlinear control for autonomous underwater glider motion based on inverse system method

Autonomous underwater gliders are highly efficient, buoyancy-driven, winged autonomous underwater vehicles. Their dynamics are multivariable nonlinear systems. In addition, the gliders are underactuated and difficult to maneuver, and also dependent on their operational environment. To confront these problems and to design an effective controller, the inverse system method was used to decouple the original system into two independent single variable linear subsystems. The stability of the zero dynamics was analyzed, and an additional closed-loop controller for each linear subsystem was designed by sliding mode control method to form a type of composite controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the derived nonlinear controller is able to cope with the aforementioned problems simultaneously and satisfactorily.     

Nonlinear feedforward and feedback control design for autonomous underwater glider

Underwater gliders are highly efficient, buoyancy-driven, and winged autonomous underwater vehicles. Their dynamics are multivariable nonlinear systems with unstable internal dynamics and thus their motion control is a significant challenge. To improve the inherent efficiency and enhance the behavior of the underwater glider over a wide operating regime, a nonlinear feedforward and feedback controller was developed. The nonlinear feedforward control design is based on a new stable inversion technique which determines a causal and bounded solution for the unstable internal dynamics. The feedback control law was designed by a quadratic optimal control method. Simulation results show that the derived control system is able to deal with nonminimum phase system and successfully achieves the tracking of planned output trajectories from initial to final conditions. Furthermore, the control effort is very low, which means the glider with limited power storage has longer range and higher endurance.     

基于LS—SVM逆系统方法的非线性动态矩阵控制

针对神经网络逆系统建模存在的诸多问题,提出了基于最小二乘法支持向量机的α阶逆系统方法的非线性动态矩阵控制新方法．将最小二乘支持向量机辨识非线性对象的α阶逆模型与原系统串联组成伪线性系统,根据线性动态矩阵预测控制方法对伪线性系统进行控制．仿真结果表明,系统存在扰动和模型参数发生变化时,依然具有很好的动、静态性能,且表现出很强的鲁棒性,证明了方法的有效性．该方法不依赖于系统的数学模型,简化了非线性对象动态矩阵控制器的设计,为非线性预测控制的研究提供了一种新途径．     

基于自适应非奇异终端滑模的悬浮控制策略

针对采用传统线性滑模控制的电磁悬浮系统存在响应速度慢以及抗干扰能力差的问题，提出了一种基于自适应非奇异终端滑模的悬浮控制方法，该方法将自适应控制引入到终端滑模控制，结合滑模控制对扰动不敏感的优点，利用自适应控制对滑模趋近律系数进行在线自适应调节，改善悬浮系统的动态性能. 首先，建立了电磁悬浮系统数学模型；然后，利用李雅普诺夫稳定理论证明了所设计控制器的稳定性；最后，进行了仿真和实验验证. 实验结果表明:自适应非奇异终端滑模对信号跟踪具有更快的响应速度和更小的稳态误差，对峰峰值为2 N的正弦或锯齿干扰力气隙波动可限定在0.2 mm以内，进行0.1 kg加减载实验时气隙波动为0.6 mm，各项性能均优于终端滑模和线性滑模.      

Research of underwater self-reconfigurable system

This article describes a novel underwater robot, which is called underwater self-reconfigurable system （USS）. USS is studied and developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. It is formed by a quantity of the same modules and works in group. Based on that, USS can change its form while working in the complicated underwater structures according to different tasks. New multi-jaw underwater docking system, piston style regulator and clamshell-like sampling module are designed for USS, these developments address the problems of underwater docking, floating condition adjusting and sampling. Besides, the gaits like wriggle, creeping, swimming and fourlegged moving have been successfully implemented in tank and lake test, which verifies the validity of the concept.     

Formation control of underwater mobile sensing networks

Formation control is essential for an underwater mobile sensing network (UMSN), and an ad hoc network which wirelessly connects underwater vehicles of sensing and/or observing types via acoustic communications, to fulfill mobile sensing tasks. The problem of formation control for a UMSN with varying topology is studied in this paper. The methodology of synthesizing distributed formation controller which stabilizes a UMSN with varying topology is proposed on the basis of the stability analysis of linear time-varying systems.     

基于自适应动态面的航向跟踪控制器设计

针对船舶航向控制非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性和外界干扰的影响,采用动态面控制算法设计了一种鲁棒自适应控制器。由于在反步法设计过程中加入了一阶低通滤波器使得该方法无需对模型非线性多次微分,因而设计方法简单。所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器不仅能保证闭环系统的半全局渐近稳定,使得输出渐进跟踪期望轨迹;而且,跟踪误差可以通过控制器的设计参数加以调整。以中远集装箱船COSCO Shanghai号为例进行仿真研究,结果证明所设计的控制器是有效的。     

船舶航向非线性系统的动态面控制

针对船舶航向控制非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性和外界干扰的影响,采用动态面控制算法设计了一种航向控制器。由于在反步法设计过程中加入了一阶低通滤波器使得该方法无需对模型非线性多次微分,因而设计方法简单,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的半全局渐近稳定,使得输出渐进跟踪期望轨迹。数字仿真结果表明,控制系统对给定航向的跟踪具有良好的动态特性,对系统的不确定性,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于AMESim的自适应柔性夹具机械手指的动态特性研究

提出了一种基于液压驱动的仿手指自适应柔性夹具结构,根据其驱动系统工作原理及结构参数,建立了驱动系统的数学模型,及基于AMESim电液比例闭环控制系统的仿真模型;研究了放大比例增益值(K)对系统动态特性的影响,及PID控制器对机械手指动态特性的影响。结果表明:存在一个最佳K值,对系统的动、静态特性影响显著;加入PID控制器后,系统的精度和稳定性可得到明显改善。     

基于泛布尔代数的多值逻辑控制与PID控制的仿真比较

为提高系统的动态性能,通过与传统的PID控制器比较,在此基础上提出一种基于泛布尔代数的多值逻辑控制器.此控制器物理背景明确,结构简单,数学概念清晰.Matlab仿真说明,其控制器要优于PID控制器,表现出稳定性好、响应快、超调量小的特点,在工业控制领域便于推广应用.     

基于理论的船舶主机冷却水控制系统的设计

摘要本文对船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统的传热机理进行了分析,建立了船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统的动态热力数学模型。由于系统的参数具有不确定性,并针对目前船舶主柴油机缸套冷却水系统惯性较大,缸套冷却水出口温度经常超调的特点,设计了该系统的H∞控制器。通过仿真发现所设计的H∞控制器能有效地提高系统的动态精确度和抑制扰动的能力。     

一种基于模糊逻辑的城市交叉口交通信号控制方法

提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的城市交叉口交通信号控制方法,此方法不需要建立复杂的交通模型,可以有效地解决交通信号控制过程中复杂和随随机难题,同时应用加权系数的遗传算法对模糊逻辑控制器的参数进行了优化,仿真结果表明模糊逻辑控制可以成功地应用于城市交叉口交通令号控制中。     

汽车电液主动悬架的预测控制

在建立二自由度主动悬架和电液伺服作动器集成模型基础上,应用预测控制理论,采用多步预测、滚动优化和在线校正等控制策略进行预测控制器的设计.对B级路面激励输入下,车辆分别处于空载和满载两种工况进行模拟仿真.仿真结果表明：具有预测控制策略的电液主动悬架系统对由路面输入引起的振动能有效抑制,车身垂直加速度、悬架动挠度和轮胎动载荷与被动悬架、PID控制的主动悬架相比明显降低,车辆的行驶平顺性得到很大改善,预测控制器在参数变化及路面扰动下具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Analysis of motion in longitudinal plane of negative buoyancy vehicle flying fish II

This article describes an experimental prototype flying fish II and builds a dynamic model that is a novel type of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) under the condition of negative buoyancy vehicle (NBV) without large buoyancy mechanism. Compared with the AUV Remus100, the flying fish II can cruise with double speeds within the same range and dimensions. The static stability and motion modes of flying fish II in the longitudinal plane are analyzed through the linear system theory. The flying fish II has static stability in the longitudinal plane and the motion mode is related to metacentric height.     

A dynamic model of an underwater quadruped walking robot using Kane’s method

In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics of an underwater quadruped walking robot were derived based on Kane dynamic equations. This methodology allows construction of the dynamic model simply and incrementally. The velocity and angular velocity components of an underwater quadruped walking robot were served as the generalized velocities. The forces which contribute to dynamics of an underwater quadruped walking robot were determined by Kane＇s approach. The equations of hydrodynamic forces of an underwater quadruped walking robot were deduced. Hydrodynamic coefficients were determined by experiments. The dynamic model was established by obtaining the generalized active forces and the generalized inertia forces. Numerical simulations of the walking behavior on underwater flat ground were implemented to verify the dynamic model of an underwater quadruped walking robot. Simulation results show that the dynamic model is correct.     

基于运动学和动力学模型的无人驾驶路径跟踪控制器设计

设计了一种应用于无人驾驶控制的基于车辆运动学和动力学模型的路径跟踪控制器,包括运动学和动力学模型、路径跟踪控制模型、地图匹配模型和执行命令融合模型,使用实时车辆姿态信息进行转向角度预测,使用实时车辆定位信息进行反馈控制以消除系统干扰和模型误差。系统硬件包括车辆平台、嵌入式Mbed开发平台、Ubuntu系统运行平台和惯性导航系统,软件框架使用robotic operation system(ROS),使用rosserial服务连接嵌入式Mbed开发板与ROS。实车测试表明控制器系统达到设计目的。     

High-Accuracy Pneumatic Position Control by Applying Nonlinear Control and Arranging Transient Process

By applying a nonlinear control and arranging a transient process, the initiative error of the pneumatic servo positioning system is reduced largely, and a larger gain of the controller is used to improve the responding speed of the system at the same damping ratio. Therefore, a compromise is made among the responding speed, overshoot, robustness, adaptability and stability. In addition, a dynamic output feedback controller, including position velocity and acceleration (PVA) feedback, is designed to improve the performance of the system. And a nonlinear controller is reconstructed based on the linear output feedback controller to decrease noises and disturbances. The dynamic responses of the system are simulated and tested. Results show that the error is kept within 0.02 mm under different mass loads and the positioning transient process is smooth, without overshoot and speedy.     

基于视觉需求的城市水下特长隧道光环境评价与优化综述

为提高城市水下特长隧道的行车安全和运输效率, 总结了城市水下特长隧道光环境典型问题与改善措施, 分别从舒适性、经济性、设置依据、安装形式等方面对洞口遮光设施、出入口加强照明、景观装饰、视线诱导系统4种隧道光环境改善措施进行了比较分析; 依据马斯洛需求层次理论对驾驶人视觉需求进行分层, 提出了包含事故分析、评价体系、优化思路、优化方法的城市水下特长隧道光环境评价体系与优化研究框架。分析结果表明: 城市水下特长隧道光环境主要有出入口的明暗适应、道路线形变化引起的视距不足、中部的视觉参照信息不足、隧道整体空间路权不清晰的问题; 设置视线诱导系统是一项低成本、有效的光环境优化方法, 能满足驾驶人在不同隧道路段上的视觉差异化需求; 驾驶人视觉需求由低到高可以分为功能性、安全性、舒适性、美观性, 并依次对应相应的基本型、安全型、舒适型、韵律型视觉参照系, 可构建以空间路权、人因与驾驶任务、差异化、韵律性为指标的评价体系来评价城市水下特长隧道光环境; 城市水下特长隧道光环境优化应将视线诱导和加强照明相结合, 主要通过视线诱导系统来重构视觉参照系, 隧道接近段、入口段、中间段普通区、出口段应以舒适型视觉参照系为优化目标, 中间段提醒区及唤醒区则应构建韵律型视觉参照系。      

Nonlinear and Variable Structure Excitation Controller for Power System Stability

A new nonlinear variable structure excitation controller is proposed. Its design combines the differential geometry theory and the variable structure controlling theory. The mathematical model in the form of ＂an affme nonlinear system＂ is set up for the control of a large-scale power system. The static and dynamic performances of the nonlinear variable structure controller are simulated. The response of system with the controller proposed is compared to that of the nonlinear optimal controller when the system is subjected to a variety of disturbances. Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure excitation controller gives more satisfactorily static and dynamic performance and better robustness.     

Simulation platform for the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane’s dynamic model and central pattern generator

A systematic method for swimming control of the underwater snake-like robot is still lacking. We construct a simulation platform of the underwater snake-like robot swimming based on Kane＇s dynamic model and central pattern generator （CPG）. The partial velocity is deduced. The forces which contribute to dynamics are determined by Kane＇s approach. Hydrodynamic coefficients are determined by experiments. Then, we design a CPG-based control architecture implemented as the system of coupled nonlinear oscillators. The CPG, like its biological counterpart, can produce coordinated patterns of rhythmic activity while being modulated by simple control parameters. The relations between the CPG parameters and the speed of the underwater snake-like robot swimming are investigated. Swimming in a straight line, turning, and switching between swimming modes are implemented in our simulation platform to prove the feasibility of the proposed simulation platform. The results show that the simulation platform can imitate different swimming modes of the underwater snake-like robot.