内河船舶船体梁极限弯曲能力统计特性

针对内河船舶船体梁极限弯曲能力的计算与统计特性问题,将影响船体梁极限弯曲能力的主要因素作为随机变量,分别讨论材料屈服强度与板厚的概率分布参数选取。采用增量迭代方法与改进Rosenblueth方法,计算得到船体梁极限弯曲能力及其分布参数。研究表明,极限弯曲能力计算时可不考虑板厚变异的影响,内河船舶船体梁极限弯曲能力具有统计上的稳定性。     

内河船舶极限强度计算的逐步破坏法程序设计

在船舶设计与强度评估中,为更加真实地了解船体结构的安全极限,要求计算船体梁的极限强度。逐步破坏法由于其计算效率高,结果比较可靠,被广泛运用于大型海船设计,但在内河船舶设计规范中,至今尚无有关极限强度的条款。通过非线性有限元程序计算得到加筋板单元平均应力应变关系,并与Rahman法、CSR法以及ISUM方法计算得到的应力应变关系曲线进行对比,以验证其可靠性。然后,按照一定的规律建立符合内河船舶构造的加筋板单元应力应变关系数据库,并编写逐步破坏法计算程序,在计算过程中,其能根据加筋板单元尺寸自动选取对应的关系曲线;对参数超出数据库的情况,则通过插值实现。     

船体梁极限强度的近似计算

船体梁的总纵强度是反映船舶结构安全可靠的最基本的强度指标。船体结构极限强度评估对于船舶结构初步设计、使用、维护和维修都非常重要，因此船体梁极限强度研究成为近几十年来船舶工程界的热点研究课题之一。到目前为止有两种典型的加筋板和船体梁的极限强度分析方法，它们是直接计算法和逐步破坏分析法。本文基于加筋板单元的平均应力应变曲线和逐步破坏分拆方法，提出了加筋板和船体梁极限强度的简化分析方法，考虑了初始挠度和残余应力对加筋板单元极限强度的影响。数值结果表明，采用本文简化方法得到的结果与有限元计算结果或其它逐步破坏分析结果比较符合。     

船体结构极限强度研究综述

综述船舶极限强度研究现状,包括平板及加筋板及船体梁极限强度的计算分析方法,以及平板和加筋板、船体梁和实船极限强度试验研究。     

船体结构极限强度的影响参数与敏感度探讨

本文采用非线性有限元方法计算了船体结构在两种失效模式下的极限强度：一是加筋板格的非一性失稳极限强度；二是船体在中拱及中垂弯曲下的总纵屈服极限强度。较全面 探讨了计算中各种因素对第一种极限强度的影响，并对这两种极限强度中的主要影响参数，包括屈服应力、杨氏模量、初始缺陷、焊接残余应力、板厚等变化的敏感度作了计算，为船体结构的可靠性分析与设计提供了科学依据。     

船体梁约束扭转极限承载力计算的简化逐步迭代法

船体梁约束扭转极限承载力计算由于问题复杂至今未有理论解，只能用非线性有限元方法计算，效率很低。论文通过对25块实船板格的非线性有限元分析，引入板的柔度系数，构建了加筋板格的剪切应力与应变关系，提出了船体梁约束扭转的变形和应力假设，构造了船体梁约束扭转的简化逐步迭代计算方法，编制了相应的计算程序。实船算例表明，所提出的剪应力与应变关系和约束扭转极限承载能力的计算方法与非线性有限元方法相比，具有较高的精度和效率，可应用于船舶与海洋平台结构以及各类薄壁梁约束扭转极限强度的计算。     

散货船隔舱重载下极限强度简易计算方法研究

散货船在装载矿石等重货时,通常只装载在奇数货舱内,这就是所谓的隔舱重载工况。在这种工况下,中间舱的双层底结构除受到总纵弯曲作用外,还会受到邻舱重货引起的局部弯曲作用,而且该局部弯曲的作用会降低中拱状态下船体梁的极限强度。文章提出了一种简易计算方法,顶边舱结构和底边舱结构可以看作两根梁,双层底结构可视作正交异性板,运用双梁理论和正交异性板理论可推导出局部弯曲的影响。然后,考虑该局部弯曲的作用,用Smith法计算船体梁的极限强度。最后,将文中方法计算的结果与FEM结果进行比较,并对结果进行了分析。     

船体梁抗弯能力的计算

在船舶纵弯曲强度的可靠性分析中,需要计算船体梁的抗弯能力,本文提供一种实用计算方法。在此方法中取材料厚度(或剖面积)和屈服限、弹性模量等均为随机变量,利用随机函数的线性化原理,求得船体断面几何要素以及抗弯能力的统计特征值。文中还介绍了国产船用钢材的厚度和屈服极限的变异系数,并利用组合梁模型试验资料对采用梁模型带来的计算误差及其修正办法作了讨论。该计算方法采用了造船人员熟悉的常规强度计算中的格式,便于在船舶设计中应用。     

船体梁弯曲承载力的极限状态仿真分析

利用传统分析方法对船体梁弯曲承载力的极限状态进行分析,存在着分析准确率低,效率低的问题。针对上述问题,提出一种极限状态的仿真分析方法。首先从船体梁结构单元和材料属性构建船体梁极限状态仿真模型,在此基础上计算船体梁弯曲承载力的极限强度,得出分析结果。实验结果表明:与传统的极限状态分析方法相比,利用仿真分析方法对船体梁弯曲承载力的极限状态进行分析,平均误差值低22.1。     

计及侧向载荷作用的纵骨梁柱多跨失稳载荷-端缩曲线确定方法

针对现有船体梁极限承载能力计算的Smith法不能计及侧向载荷作用的问题,本文提出了一种考虑侧向载荷作用下板架变形的纵骨梁柱失稳的屈曲载荷计算模型和方法,推导了计及侧向压力对板架影响的纵骨梁柱屈曲载荷-端缩曲线公式。进行了纵向与侧向载荷共同作用下三个板架的极限承载力计算,分析讨论了侧向载荷、板架参数等对纵骨梁柱屈曲极限强度的影响规律。应用本文方法编制了考虑侧向荷载作用的船体梁极限强度程序,进行了实船的计算和对比分析。     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

CFRP修复的FPSO点蚀船体梁极限强度分析

采用非线性有限元法对中拱和中垂工况条件下碳纤维增强聚合物(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, CFRP)修复的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)点蚀船体梁极限强度进行仿真分析。对比FPSO的完整船体梁、点蚀船体梁和CFRP修复的点蚀船体梁的中拱极限弯矩和中垂极限弯矩，分析CFRP对FPSO点蚀船体梁的修复效果，并分析胶层失效规律。结果表明，CFRP可为船舶的高效修复提供一种新的方式。     

UR-S11A对大型集装箱船结构设计的影响研究

国际船级社协会针对集装箱船的新标准UR-S11A已于2016年7月1日正式生效,其对大型集装箱船结构设计的具体影响值得研究。以一艘13 500 TEU集装箱船为例,首先分析了UR-S11A相比UR-S11和劳氏船级社(LR)规范在强度校核上的差异,然后通过对总纵屈服强度、屈曲强度和极限强度的研究分析了新标准对船体结构的影响。结果表明,UR-S11A对在0.3~0.4船长处船体梁的总纵弯曲和极限强度的要求更高,部分纵舱壁板与外板的剪切和屈曲强度以及双层底桁材纵骨的屈曲强度受新规范影响较大。     

船体梁弯曲极限强度分析

针对船体梁极限强度计算问题,研究基于弯曲承载力的极限状态分析技术。分析总结船体梁极限强度分析方法及研究现状,阐述简化逐步破坏法(Smith逐步破坏法)的技术流程,探讨基于非线性有限元极限强度分析技术中各参数设置对计算结果的影响。在简化逐步破坏法计算结果的基础上,利用非线性有限元法评估基于单跨模型和舱段模型的船体梁极限强度,并探究上层建筑对极限承载力的影响。     

Compartment level progressive collapse analysis of lightweight ship structures

The continued development of large high speed ships, often constructed from aluminium alloy, has raised important issues regarding the response of lightweight hull girders under primary hull girder bending. In particular, the response of lightly framed panels in compression may be influenced by overall panel buckling over several frame spaces. Therefore, to provide improved ultimate strength prediction for lightweight vessels, an extended progressive collapse methodology is proposed. The method has capabilities to predict the strength of a lightweight aluminium midship section including compartment level buckling modes. Nonlinear finite element analysis is used to validate the extended progressive collapse methodology.     

波浪中船体梁后极限强度特性的实验评估(英文)

Experimental investigations into the collapse behavior of a box-shape hull girder subjected to extreme wave-induced loads are presented.The experiment was performed using a scaled model in a tank.In the middle of the scaled model,sacrificial specimens with circular pillar and trough shapes which respectively show different bending moment-displacement characteristics were mounted to compare the dynamic collapse characteristics of the hull girder in waves.The specimens were designed by using finite element(FE)-analysis.Prior to the tank tests,static four-point-bending tests were conducted to detect the load-carrying capacity of the hull girder.It was shown that the load-carrying capacity of a ship including reduction of the capacity after the ultimate strength can be reproduced experimentally by employing the trough type specimens.Tank tests using these specimens were performed under a focused wave in which the hull girder collapses under once and repetitive focused waves.It was shown from the multiple collapse tests that the increase rate of collapse becomes higher once the load-carrying capacity enters the reduction path while the increase rate is lower before reaching the ultimate strength.     

焊接初始缺陷对船体梁极限弯矩的影响

对焊接初始缺陷于船体梁极限弯矩的影响进行了研究.采用热传递分析得到焊接结构的温度场,进而采用热弹塑性分析得到结构的焊接残余应力和焊接变形.将得到的焊接变形及残余应力作为结构的初始缺陷,对船体梁的极限弯矩进行了比较计算.结果表明,焊接初始缺陷对船体梁极限弯矩的影响不宜忽略,热传递及热弹塑性分析的方法可较好地模拟船体梁极限弯矩分析中的焊接初始缺陷.