PPP+EPC模式在工程中的应用及工程建设企业风险防控

PPP模式实质就是将社会投资机构引入公共项目领域,提供社会投融资,缓解政府的财政压力。PPP模式已经应用于国内外许多基础设施建设项目中,有广阔的应用前景。EPC模式是一种工程承包模式,由总承包单位全面负责工程的设计、施工、采购等各环节的工作。近年来,PPP+EPC模式逐渐应用于公共项目,取得了一定的成果。在项目建设中,也存在一些风险,需要加强风险的防控,促进项目的顺利实施。     

滚动开发港口PPP项目工程造价控制及风险防范

基于PPP模式下的港口开发建设可以更好地解决港口基础设施建设中财政资金不足的问题,加快港口开发建设的进度,有效促进当地经济的发展。但由于PPP项目实施周期较长、各类风险较多、需协调问题较复杂,为实现预期收益目标,需要做好工程造价的控制和相关风险防范工作。文章以实际工程为例,对港口PPP项目工程建设过程中造价控制存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相关风险的应对措施,降低投资风险,达到了合理预期收益,有效控制了项目总体造价水平。     

建筑施工企业投资PPP项目的风险分析与防范

PPP项目具有一定的公私合作性质,是通过资本与政府合作的模式开展的投资项目。同时,随着社会的不断发展以及经济水平的不断提升,该种项目将会成为推动我国经济发展的主要力量之一。但是,在我国当前的PPP项目发展过程中,还存在较多的风险。基于此,本文将对这些风险进行分析,并提出相应的防范措施,旨在帮助我国的建筑施工投资项目能够取得更加稳定的发展。     

云南省临沧市“十三五”规划河道治理工程PPP项目方案设计

本文从云南省临沧市"十三五"规划河道治理工程PPP项目运作模式角度出发,通过对项目的测算、优劣势及风险分析等内容进行方案比选,通过对河道治理工程PPP项目财务可行性等方面的分析,构建了PPP模式的方案设计和比选,对项目决策提供了有效价值。同时,可有效防控PPP项目风险,为企业后续PPP模式的合作构建合理的方案,以此项目对未来PPP项目决策提供借鉴依据。     

海外项目实施风险探讨

针对海外项目的特点和风险管控的目标和难点,结合越南沿海项目风险管控措施的探讨分析,从企业管理的角度对风险管控流程进行总结,并形成一套行之有效的管理策略,提高企业风险管理意识,强化风险管控能力。     

PPP模式在水运建设市场的应用与实践

为了研究PPP模式在水运建设市场的应用现状与发展建议,文章结合水运建设行业的发展历程与建设模式的变化,归纳整理了近年来水运建设PPP项目的三大常见合作模式及其适用条件与范围,通过对4个典型项目案例主要合作模式及条件的比较,总结了现阶段PPP模式应用过程中重建设轻运营、政府兜底、变相包装、明股实债、风险防控不足等不规范问题,从政府监管、合作模式、绩效设计、综合性开发等方面提出了相应的发展建议,以供今后同类项目参考。     

建筑企业集团PPP项目管理模式比较研究

在当前国家大力推行PPP融资模式的背景下,建筑企业集团如何紧跟潮流,不断优化提高自身的PPP项目管理能力对于企业的生存和发展具有至关重要的作用。本文介绍了目前国内三种主流的PPP项目建设管理模式,分析了三种模式的优缺点,并提出了三种管理模式各自的适用范围。     

基于政府视角的PPP项目风险问题及其应对措施

在政府宏观调控、市场自身调节的社会主义市场经济的背景下,公共设施等基础设施的建设更多的应该靠市场来补充与完善发展,而政府如果承受的经济压力过大,可能会造成奔溃的现象,因此政府更多是充当着一个幕后的支持者角色。新形势下,一种叫做PPP的融资模式应运而生。文章对PPP模式当前的基本理论进行了调查与分析,依据在PPP融资项目中政府的发展形势,来分析出政府在此项目中应该承担的责任与可能遇到的风险,并提出了如何承担责任以及针对这些风险,如何来进行规避的建议,有效地缓解了政府在基础设施建设时的资金短缺问题。     

中资班轮公司跨国经营的风险管控(1)

选择中资班轮公司跨国经营需要怎样的管控模式这一切入点,分析目前班轮公司组织架构风险管控、战略风险管控、信誉与信用风险管控、市场风险管控等方面存在的问题,探索提高其风险管控水平的思路和具体措施,提出母公司构建分权制衡的组织结构和战略控制的管理手段、建立公司资金集中管理制度、建立风险控制体系与内控体系等建议。     

境外工业园PPP项目物有所值评价研究

基于"一带一路"沿线及非洲国家PPP模式不完善的现状,通过物有所值评价理论中定性评价及定量评价两方面内容对境外工业园应用PPP模式的适用性进行探讨,并综合引入非洲某国PPP工业园项目具体分析,研究结果表明:通过物有所值评价及相关计算,该项目适用PPP模式。     

Does the political and economic context influence the success of a transport project? An analysis of transport public-private partnerships

The construction and provision of infrastructure services such as transport nowadays is often based on a partnership between three main actors: public sector, private sector and multilateral lenders, under a framework of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). This type of partnership has been employed in a wide range of projects in the transport sector and in various contexts in developing and developed countries. Given this observation, the objective of this paper is to examine how countries’ economic and political characteristics contribute to the success of PPPs in transport investments. Special focus in the analysis is given to how the perception of corruption and democratic accountability may influence the success of a PPP project in different transport sectors. We examine a database with 856 transport PPP projects using a generalized linear model in the form of a logit model in order to evaluate the transport database covering data from 72 countries, classified in six regions. The study highlights the importance of national experience. Not only does national macroeconomic experience appear to have a relevant role, but so also does its past experience (either positive or negative) of transport PPP projects. An interesting finding from the analysis is the importance of the rest of the world’s perception of a country’s level of corruption and democratic accountability for the final outcome of a PPP project.     

A simulation approach for estimating value at risk in transportation infrastructure investment decisions

Traditional economic analysis techniques used in the assessment of Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects are based upon the assumption that future cash flows are fully deterministic in nature and are not designed to account for risks involved in the assessment of future returns. In reality, many of these infrastructure projects are associated with significant risks stemming from the lack of knowledge about future cost and benefit streams. The fundamental premise of the PPP concept is to efficiently allocate risks between the public and the private partner. The return based on deterministic analysis may not depict a true picture of future economic outcomes of a PPP project for the multiple agencies involved. This deficiency underscores the importance of risk-based economic analysis for such projects. In this paper, the authors present the concept of Value-at-Risk (VaR) as a measure of effectiveness (MOE) to assess the risk share for the public and private entity in a PPP project. Bootstrap simulation is used to generate the risk profile savings in vehicle operating cost, and in travel time resulting from demand-responsive traffic. The VaR for Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is determined for public and private entity. The methodology is applied to a case study involving such a joint venture in India, the Mumbai Pune Expressway/National Highway 4 (MPEW/NH4), and fiscal implications from the perspective of the public and the private entities are examined. A comparison between deterministic and risk based economic analysis for MPEW/NH4 is presented. Risk analysis provides insightful results on the economic and financial implications from each participant's viewpoint.     

基于风险分担的政府投资项目代建合同总价控制

政府投资项目实施代建制是传统自建模式的制度创新,其投资控制的责任通过市场化手段转移给代建人承担并通过合同机制实现了投资控制的硬约束。代建合同中对于代建人投资包干总价的确定与调整方式的约定成为影响投资控制成效的关键问题。针对代建项目采用设计概算作为投资包干总价的确定依据的不足和产生的超概问题,引入风险分担机制,剖析投资控制目标确定的风险分担原则,应由政府委托人与代建人分别承担相应的投资变化的风险和投资控制责任。代建合同投资包干总价的固定总价部分,由代建人承担全部投资变化的风险;可调价格部分由政府委托人承担的投资风险发生后,需要调整投资包干总价;讨论了总价合同中风险分担条款的设定及风险发生后的调价方法。     

中储粮日照粮库工程实施阶段的成本控制

在国有资产投资的基础建设项目中实行成本管理和成本控制,是国有资产投资管理体制改革的要求,也是避免在传统投资体制下普遍存在的＂概算超估算、预算超概算和结算超预算＂问题的关键。结合中储粮日照粮库工程实践,重点介绍项目实施阶段成本构成的各项要素、分析各种因素对成本的影响以及为杜绝项目实施中的损失浪费现象而采取的多项成本管理和控制措施。     

应用PPP技术确定海外水运工程高程起算面

针对海外水运工程高程控制点资料匮乏且不稳定的现象,提出采用GPS静态精密单点定位技术(简称PPP),将首期控制点的高程统一至国际地球参考框架(ITRF)下;然后获得拟建工程在ITRF下月平均海平面,该基面可以作为预可研阶段的海外水运工程高程起算基面;最后通过巴布亚新几内亚新科考瑞港项目的实际运用,验证该方法在海外边远地区设立高程控制网的可靠性和可追溯性,为类似海外水运工程提供借鉴。     

Transport infrastructure provision and operations: Why should governments choose private–public partnership?

Recent transport sector liberalisation, as well as global economic crisis, is favouring the implementation of transport infrastructure projects through Public–Private Partnerships (PPP). However, there is a debate as to whether PPP schemes are a better option than conventional procurement. To this end, an evaluation framework is proposed, to assess which of these two alternative schemes for transport projects financing is preferable for the public. The proposed framework is complimentary to the Value for Money (VfM) approach and is based on a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA). The first step is the estimation of the Public Sector Comparator (PSC) for the case of conventional procurement, dealing with construction, maintenance and operation costs revenues, as well as any costs associated with risks undertaken by the public. As for the PPP case, it includes any payments by the public sector and related risks costs. The MCA is then applied only if the PPP is found preferable for the public sector. The latter considers additional impacts, including among others the social attributes of a particular scheme, job creation, environmental impacts and safety and security aspects. The proposed framework was applied to a pilot Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridor infrastructure project in the city of Indore, India, in order to demonstrate its validity. The framework and its application could provide useful guidance when considering PPP for a transport project, since it demonstrates in a transparent way the society's attitude towards this project, something that is critical to its acceptance.     

浅谈政府投资建设项目的造价控制

建设工程项目投资是涉及面广、影响因素多的一个系统工程,为了达到工程建设投资控制的目标,必须对建设工程项目全方位、全过程造价控制。     

海外疏浚项目的降本增效及风险防控

随着国内疏浚市场的逐步萎缩,疏浚企业纷纷走出国门,承揽国际工程。而国际工程项目管理模式与国内有较大区別。如何在项目管理中实现降本增效,防控效益风险,是疏浚企业必须分析的问题。以肯尼亚拉姆港项目为例,对海外疏浚项目如何加强成本管控,实现降本增效进行分析,为类似项目提供参考。     

基于层次分析法的某码头工程造价风险管控研究

码头工程投资成本高,施工条件复杂、周期长,在项目实施的整个过程中伴随着难以预计的造价风险。笔者基于以往研究的基础上,运用层次分析法针对某港口码头工程建立成本风险评估指标体系及计算指标权重后,以工程项目各阶段为研究对象制定了造价风险控制措施和控制流程。     

Applying social marginal costs pricing to the road sector

This chapter, following the results of the case studies analyzed in the Enact project, will identify and analyze the implications of the possible application of SMCP in PPP’s in the road sector. The main issues analyzed include SMCP revenue formation and its ability to finance the PPP. The paper will focus on market and competition issues like: 1) the problems due to mispriced substitutes; 2) the interdependencies between the tolls and the capacity of different road infrastructures when these are competing for the same demand; 3) since short run social marginal costs do not repay for the investments costs (except in special cases), in the case tolls should cover also the investment costs this will lead to totally different pricing schemes between roads in a same area, with problem of demand shift toward cheaper existing infrastructures, therefore increasing the problem of cost recovery. The incentives caused by the introduction of prices based on SMC’s are also investigated.